Diversity, Abundance, and Some Characteristics of Bacteria Isolated from Earth Material Consumed by Wild Animals at Kudurs in the Sikhote-Alin Mountains, Russia

In this work, geochemical and microbiological studies were performed at kudurs in the southeastern part of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range and in the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve located in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It was found that the earth material eaten by wild animals in both sites is represented by clay-zeolite tuffs of dacite-rhyolite composition. In the earth material, Na is predominant in bioavailable macronutrients and Zn, light lanthanides, and Y in trace elements. Microbiological studies of geophagic earths revealed a wide range of heterotrophic and autotrophic aerobes and anaerobes involved in the conversion of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Iron- and manganese-oxidizing bacteria and silicate bacteria were identified as well. The isolated pure cultures of heterotrophic bacteria were represented mainly by Gram-positive spore-forming large rods of Bacillus sp. and Gram-negative heterotrophic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms Burkholderia sp. and Microvirgula aerodenitrificans, which oxidize iron and reduce sulfate. The ability of the bacteria M. aerodenitrificans to reduce sulfates is shown for the first time. According to the literature, the isolated microorganisms are able to actively extract rare earth elements from earth materials, transforming them from the bioinert state to a state accessible to herbivorous mammals.

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Incorporating Metabolic Thinking into Regional Planning: The Case of the Sierra Calderona Strategic Plan

Urban Planning ◽

10.17645/up.v4i1.1549 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 152-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Juanjo Galan ◽

Daniela Perrotti

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Systems ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Southeastern Part ◽

Metabolic Studies ◽

Local Sustainability ◽

Wide Range ◽

Metabolic Performance ◽

Regional Character ◽

Functional Areas

The metabolic study of the southeastern part of the Calderona Mountain Range (Sierra Calderona) was developed over an area of 200 square kilometers. Due to its location on the outskirt of the Metropolitan Area of Valencia (Spain), the Calderona Mountain Range presents most of the metabolic challenges and potentials that characterize peri-urban areas. The main goal of the study was to increase the sustainability levels of the region by optimizing the flows of materials and energy, as well as flows related to the transport of people within and in/outside the region. The following article includes a methodological introduction to regional and urban metabolic studies. Secondly, it presents the specific application of those principles in the Sierra Calderona case and the qualitative and quantitative results of the assessed regional flows. Moreover, the use of Metabolic Functional Areas (FMAs) is proposed to better integrate metabolic studies with land-use and spatial planning. In its second section, the article also presents the potential for shifting toward an optimized metabolism of the studied area, as well as a set of strategies and actions for their achievement. Finally, in the conclusions, we present a critical reflection on the methods, data, exportability and scalability of the results produced in the Sierra Calderona Case. Due to its regional character, the metabolic performance of the Sierra Calderona is connected to a wide range of land uses, productive functions and stakeholders. That is the reason why the formulated strategies and actions are deeply interlinked with different sectors and why they were supported by the results of an open participatory process. However, and in spite of its regional scope, the urban systems of the Sierra Calderona proved to be an essential lever for improving the regional and local sustainability, due to their varied morphological structures, distinctive ways of functioning, and different types of interaction with the surroundings.

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The genus Pilophorus (Cladoniaceae) in Primorye Territory

Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii ◽

10.31111/nsnr/2011.45.215 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 215-218

Author(s):

I. F. Skirina ◽

F. V. Skirin

Keyword(s):

Additional Data ◽

Lichen Species ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Sikhote Alin

The work contains new and additional data on distribution of two rare lichen species of the genus Pilophorus, P. cereolus and P. clavatus, in Primorye Territory (Sikhote-Alin mountain range).

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An Improved Membrane Filtration Method for Enumeration of Faecal Coliforms and E. Coli by a Fluorogenic β-Glucuronidase Assay

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0357 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 27 (3-4) ◽

pp. 267-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. T. Augoustinos ◽

N. A. Grabow ◽

B. Genthe ◽

R. Kfir

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Water Samples ◽

Membrane Filtration ◽

Faecal Coliforms ◽

Environmental Waters ◽

Filtration Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pure Cultures ◽

Glucuronidase Assay

A fluorogenic β-glucuronidase assay comprising membrane filtration followed by selective enumeration on m-FC agar at 44.5°C and further confirmation using tlie 4-metliylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide (MUG) containing medium was evaluated for the detection of Escherichia coli in water. A total of 200 typical blue and non-typical blue colonies were isolated from sea and fresh water samples using initial selective enumeration on m-FC agar. Pure cultures of the selected colonies were further tested using the MUG assay and identified using the API 20E method. Of the colonies tested which were shown to be positive using the MUG assay 99.4% were Escherichia coli. The results of this study indicate the combination of the m-FC method followed by the MUG assay to be highly efficient for the selection and confirmation of E. coli from a wide range of environmental waters.

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Computers in Geology - 25 Years of Progress

10.1093/oso/9780195085938.001.0001 ◽

1994 ◽

Keyword(s):

Computer Modeling ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

State Of The Art ◽

International Association ◽

Mathematical Geology ◽

25Th Anniversary ◽

The Earth ◽

Wide Range ◽

History Of ◽

Mapping Techniques

This volume vividly demonstrates the importance and increasing breadth of quantitative methods in the earth sciences. With contributions from an international cast of leading practitioners, chapters cover a wide range of state-of-the-art methods and applications, including computer modeling and mapping techniques. Many chapters also contain reviews and extensive bibliographies which serve to make this an invaluable introduction to the entire field. In addition to its detailed presentations, the book includes chapters on the history of geomathematics and on R.G.V. Eigen, the "father" of mathematical geology. Written to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, the book will be sought after by both practitioners and researchers in all branches of geology.

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Much Ado about (Practically) Nothing

10.1093/oso/9780195393965.001.0001 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

David Fisher

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Atomic Nucleus ◽

The Sun ◽

Scientific Journals ◽

Rare Gases ◽

Important Work ◽

The Earth ◽

Wide Range ◽

Life On Mars ◽

The Universe

There are eight columns in the Periodic Table. The eighth column is comprised of the rare gases, so-called because they are the rarest elements on earth. They are also called the inert or noble gases because, like nobility, they do no work. They are colorless, odorless, invisible gases which do not react with anything, and were thought to be unimportant until the early 1960s. Starting in that era, David Fisher has spent roughly fifty years doing research on these gases, publishing nearly a hundred papers in the scientific journals, applying them to problems in geophysics and cosmochemistry, and learning how other scientists have utilized them to change our ideas about the universe, the sun, and our own planet. Much Ado about (Practically) Nothing will cover this spectrum of ideas, interspersed with the author's own work which will serve to introduce each gas and the important work others have done with them. The rare gases have participated in a wide range of scientific advances-even revolutions-but no book has ever recorded the entire story. Fisher will range from the intricacies of the atomic nucleus and the tiniest of elementary particles, the neutrino, to the energy source of the stars; from the age of the earth to its future energies; from life on Mars to cancer here on earth. A whole panoply that has never before been told as an entity.

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Anoxygenic photo- and chemosynthesis of phototrophic sulfur bacteria from an alpine meromictic lake

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1093/femsec/fiab010 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Di Nezio ◽

Clarisse Beney ◽

Samuele Roman ◽

Francesco Danza ◽

Antoine Buetti-Dinh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fixation ◽

Meromictic Lake ◽

Purple Sulfur Bacterium ◽

Phototrophic Sulfur Bacteria ◽

Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽

Sulfur Bacteria ◽

Pure Cultures ◽

Chlorobium Phaeobacteroides ◽

Anoxic Environment ◽

Dark Carbon Fixation

Abstract Meromictic lakes are interesting ecosystems to study anaerobic microorganisms due their permanent stratification allowing the formation of a stable anoxic environment. The crenogenic meromictic Lake Cadagno harbors an important community of anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria responsible for almost half of its total productivity. Besides their ability to fix CO2 through photosynthesis, these microorganisms also showed high rates of dark carbon fixation via chemosyntesis. Here, we grew in pure cultures three populations of anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria previously isolated from the lake, accounting for 72.8% of the total microbial community, and exibiting different phenotypes: 1) the motile, large-celled purple sulfur bacterium (PSB) Chromatium okenii, 2) the small-celled PSB Thiodictyon syntrophicum, and 3) the green sulfur bacterium (GSB) Chlorobium phaeobacteroides. We measured their ability to fix CO2 through photo- and chemo-synthesis, both in situ in the lake and in laboratory under different incubation conditions. We also evaluated the efficiency and velocity of H2S photo-oxidation, an important reaction in the anoxygenic photosynthesis process. Our results confirm that phototrophic sulfur bacteria strongly fix CO2 in the presence of light and that oxygen increases chemosynthesis at night, in laboratory conditions. Moreover, substancial differences were displayed between the three selected populations in terms of activity and abundance.

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10. General Discussion

Transactions of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0251107x00028066 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 677-679 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Yield Curve ◽

Fission Products ◽

Heavy Elements ◽

Sikhote Alin ◽

Heavy Nuclei ◽

Fission Yield ◽

Element Abundances ◽

The Earth ◽

R Process ◽

Nova Outburst

1. p. SELINOV: Anomalous abundances of Te and Xe isotopes in meteorites and in the Earth permit us to draw some conclusions concerning the age of uranium and the processes of nucleogenesis. According to the estimate by Hoyle the amount of 254Cf disintegrated during a super-nova outburst is of the order of io29 g or io~4 of the stellar mass. According to the fission-yield curve the isotopes of Te comprise about 1 % of the mass of fission products. The abundances of Te 128-131 are anomalously high, due to the fission of heavy nuclei. The element abundances do not permit us to draw any conclusions about the r-process. The isotopes of Te and Xe with even mass numbers give evidence in favour of the r-process (anomalously high abundances). But the amount of Te in meteorites and in Earth is about 1000 times less than it should be if formed during the outburst. The Sikhote- Alin meteorite shows the same anomaly. We may conclude that the heavy elements of the solar system have been formed not in a single super-nova outburst, but as a result of mixing from the totality of outbursts. According to Hoyle, this gives a definite estimate for the age of uranium.

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In-Situ Cosmogenic 14C: Production and Examples of its Unique Applications in Studies of Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Processes

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200041394 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 43 (2B) ◽

pp. 731-742 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D Lal ◽

A J T Jull

Keyword(s):

Half Life ◽

Earth Science ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Radioactive Isotopes ◽

Earth’S Atmosphere ◽

The Earth ◽

Wide Range ◽

History Of ◽

Earth's Atmosphere

Nuclear interactions of cosmic rays produce a number of stable and radioactive isotopes on the earth (Lai and Peters 1967). Two of these, 14C and 10Be, find applications as tracers in a wide variety of earth science problems by virtue of their special combination of attributes: 1) their source functions, 2) their half-lives, and 3) their chemical properties. The radioisotope, 14C (half-life = 5730 yr) produced in the earth's atmosphere was the first to be discovered (Anderson et al. 1947; Libby 1952). The next longer-lived isotope, also produced in the earth's atmosphere, 10Be (half-life = 1.5 myr) was discovered independently by two groups within a decade (Arnold 1956; Goel et al. 1957; Lal 1991a). Both the isotopes are produced efficiently in the earth's atmosphere, and also in solids on the earth's surface. Independently and jointly they serve as useful tracers for characterizing the evolutionary history of a wide range of materials and artifacts. Here, we specifically focus on the production of 14C in terrestrial solids, designated as in-situ-produced 14C (to differentiate it from atmospheric 14C, initially produced in the atmosphere). We also illustrate the application to several earth science problems. This is a relatively new area of investigations, using 14C as a tracer, which was made possible by the development of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The availability of the in-situ 14C variety has enormously enhanced the overall scope of 14C as a tracer (singly or together with in-situ-produced 10Be), which eminently qualifies it as a unique tracer for studying earth sciences.

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Marine Wildlife Bycatch Under the CMS: Progress and Prospects

The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law ◽

10.1163/157180803100380438 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 215-240

Keyword(s):

Marine Species ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Migratory Species ◽

Considerable Potential ◽

Marine Turtles ◽

Incidental Capture ◽

Wide Range ◽

Marine Wildlife

AbstractThis article explains the provisions of the Convention for the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) and its subsidiary marine wildlife instruments as they relate to bycatch management. The CMS was primarily developed with the purpose of protecting and conserving migratory species and their habitats. The Convention was initially regarded as little more than a paper accord. Since its inception the CMS has undergone gradual significant changes not only in its scope but also in its geographical coverage. There are ten subsidiary instruments currently in force under the CMS which include regional accords on a wide range of marine species such as cetaceans, marine turtles and pinnipeds. These agreements have considerable potential for regulating the incidental capture of marine wildlife in fisheries. Issues of interest in regard to these agreements include the use of non-binding instruments, and mechanisms for coordination between accords. This article examines the CMS and its subsidiary instruments; it identifies challenges facing the Convention, and provides options for the development of more comprehensive approaches to the management of bycatch.

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Uncertainty Estimation for Magnetic Maps

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3541 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Saltus ◽

Arnaud Chulliat ◽

Brian Meyer ◽

Christopher Amante

Keyword(s):

Local Level ◽

Uncertainty Estimation ◽

Measured Data ◽

Magnetic Minerals ◽

Geochemical Environment ◽

The Earth ◽

Uncertainty Estimates ◽

Wide Range ◽

Machine Learning Applications ◽

Map Data

Magnetic maps depict spatial variations in the Earth&#8217;s magnetic field.&#160; These variations occur at a wide range of scales and are produced via a variety of physical processes related to factors including structure and evolution of the Earth&#8217;s core field and the geologic distribution of magnetic minerals in the lithosphere.&#160; Mankind has produced magnetic maps for 100&#8217;s of years with increasing fidelity and accuracy and there is a general understanding (particularly among the geophysicists who produce and use these maps) of the approximate level of resolution and accuracy of these maps.&#160; However, few magnetic maps, or the digital grids that typically underpin these maps, have been produced with accompanying uncertainty quantification.&#160; When uncertainty is addressed, it is typically a statistical representation at the grid or survey level (e.g., +- 10 nT overall uncertainty based on line crossings for a modern airborne survey) and not at the cell by cell local level.As magnetic map data are increasingly used in complex inversions and in combination with other data or constraints (including in machine learning applications), it is increasingly important to have a handle on the uncertainties in these data.&#160; An example of an application with need for detailed uncertainty estimation is the use of magnetic map information for alternative navigation.&#160; In this application data from an onboard magnetometer is compared with previously mapped (or modeled) magnetic variations.&#160; The uncertainty of this previously mapped information has immediate implications for the potential accuracy of navigation.We are exploring the factors contributing to magnetic map uncertainty and producing uncertainty estimates for testing using new data collection in previously mapped (or modeled) map areas.&#160; These factors include (but are likely not limited to) vintage and type of measured data, spatial distribution of measured data, expectation of magnetic variability (e.g., geologic or geochemical environment), statistics of redundant measurement, and spatial scale/resolution of the magnetic map or model.&#160; The purpose of this talk is to discuss the overall issue and our initial results and solicit feedback and ideas from the interpretation community.

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