scholarly journals Robust Synthesis Algorithm for Directional Modulation Signal with Array Manifold Vectors Uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tao Hong
Keyword(s):  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Inequality Constraint ◽  
Sidelobe Level ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Synthesis Algorithm ◽  
Modulation Signal ◽  
New Research ◽  
Directional Modulation ◽  
Robust Synthesis

Directional modulation (DM) has become a new research hotspot of physical layer security (PLS) communication at the transmitter side. In this paper, we propose a robust synthesis algorithm for DM signal under the condition of the array manifold vectors perturbation. This algorithm optimizes the constraints of sidelobe level and Euclidean distance of constellation points by considering the worst case performance of array manifold vectors. Furthermore, we also design an active constellation extension (ACE) method to relax the equality constraint of desired modulation symbols into a robust inequality constraint at the desired direction. These constraints can be reformulated in a convex form with l2 and l∞ regularization, which are computationally tractable. Simulation results show better performance of the proposed robust algorithm compared with the benchmark synthesis algorithms in the presence of array manifold vectors uncertainty.

scholarly journals Accurate and Efficient Evaluation of Bit Error Rate for Dynamic Directional Modulation for Standard Modulation Schemes

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Josep Parrón ◽  
Edith Cabrera-Hernandez ◽  
Alan Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Observation Angle ◽  
Transmitted Power ◽  
Modulation Schemes ◽  
Wireless Transmissions ◽  
Directional Modulation

Directional modulation (DM) has been proposed as a technique to enhance physical layer security of wireless transmissions. In DM, the improvement of security is achieved by increasing the transmitted power in such a way that the bit error rate (BER) is degraded in the observation angles out of the desired secure direction. The performance of DM in terms of BER is typically evaluated by transmitting a stream of symbols for every observation angle, but this approach can be time consuming. In this communication, we propose an approach to evaluate, accurately and efficiently, the BER of dynamic DM (DDM) for standard modulation schemes. Several DDM configurations will be tested to illustrate the benefits and limitations of the evaluation method. The proposed approach is also used to present a non-iterative DDM synthesis with restrictions in the BER response.

scholarly journals Angle Bisector Algorithm and Modified Dynamic Programming Algorithm for Dubins Traveling Salesman Problem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eswara Venkata Kumar Dhulipala
Keyword(s):  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Travelling Salesman Problem ◽  
Dynamic Programming Algorithm ◽  
Constant Factor ◽  
Programming Algorithm ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Angle Bisector ◽  
Set Of Points ◽  
The Given ◽  
Tour Length

A Dubin's Travelling Salesman Problem (DTSP) of finding a minimum length tour through a given set of points is considered. DTSP has a Dubins vehicle, which is capable of moving only forward with constant speed. In this paper, first, a worst case upper bound is obtained on DTSP tour length by assuming DTSP tour sequence same as Euclidean Travelling Salesman Problem (ETSP) tour sequence. It is noted that, in the worst case, \emph{any algorithm that uses of ETSP tour sequence} is a constant factor approximation algorithm for DTSP. Next, two new algorithms are introduced, viz., Angle Bisector Algorithm (ABA) and Modified Dynamic Programming Algorithm (MDPA). In ABA, ETSP tour sequence is used as DTSP tour sequence and orientation angle at each point $i_k$ are calculated by using angle bisector of the relative angle formed between the rays $i_{k}i_{k-1}$ and $i_ki_{k+1}$. In MDPA, tour sequence and orientation angles are computed in an integrated manner. It is shown that the ABA and MDPA are constant factor approximation algorithms and ABA provides an improved upper bound as compared to Alternating Algorithm (AA) \cite{savla2008traveling}. Through numerical simulations, we show that ABA provides an improved tour length compared to AA, Single Vehicle Algorithm (SVA) \cite{rathinam2007resource} and Optimized Heading Algorithm (OHA) \cite{babel2020new,manyam2018tightly} when the Euclidean distance between any two points in the given set of points is at least $4\rho$ where $\rho$ is the minimum turning radius. The time complexity of ABA is comparable with AA and SVA and is better than OHA. Also we show that MDPA provides an improved tour length compared to AA and SVA and is comparable with OHA when there is no constraint on Euclidean distance between the points. In particular, ABA gives a tour length which is at most $4\%$ more than the ETSP tour length when the Euclidean distance between any two points in the given set of points is at least $4\rho$.

scholarly journals Directional Modulation Technique Using a Polarization Sensitive Array for Physical Layer Security Enhancement

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 5396
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Mingnan Le ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jinye Peng
Keyword(s):  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Symbol Error Rate ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Secrecy Rate ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Polarization Sensitive Array ◽  
Directional Modulation

Directional modulation (DM), as an emerging promising physical layer security (PLS) technique at the transmitter side with the help of an antenna array, has developed rapidly over decades. In this study, a DM technique using a polarization sensitive array (PSA) to produce the modulation with different polarization states (PSs) at different directions is investigated. A PSA, as a vector sensor, can be employed for more effective DM for an additional degree of freedom (DOF) provided in the polarization domain. The polarization information can be exploited to transmit different data streams simultaneously at the same directions, same frequency, but with different PSs in the desired directions to increase the channel capacity, and with random PSs off the desired directions to enhance PLS. The proposed method has the capability of concurrently projecting independent signals into different specified spatial directions while simultaneously distorting signal constellation in all other directions. The symbol error rate (SER), secrecy rate, and the robustness of the proposed DM scheme are analyzed. Design examples for single- and multi-beam DM systems are also presented. Simulations corroborate that (1) the proposed method is more effective for PLS; (2) the proposed DM scheme is more power-efficient than the traditional artificial noise aided DM schemes; and (3) the channel capacity is significantly improved compared with conventional scalar antenna arrays.

scholarly journals Broadcasting Directional Modulation Based on Random Frequency Diverse Array

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Xie ◽  
Bin Qiu ◽  
Qiuping Wang ◽  
Jiaqing Qu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Broadcasting System ◽  
Random Frequency ◽  
Frequency Diverse Array ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Secure Transmission ◽  
Directional Modulation

Frequency diverse array- (FDA-) based directional modulation (DM) is a promising technique for physical layer security, due to its angle-range dependent transmit beampattern. However, the existing schemes are not suitable for the broadcasting scenario, where there are multiple legitimate users (LUs) to receive the confidential message. In this paper, we propose a novel random frequency diverse array- (RFDA-) based DM scheme to realize the point to multi-point broadcasting secure transmission in both angle and range dimension. In the first stage, the beamforming vector is designed to maximize the artificial noise (AN) power, while satisfying the power requirement of LUs for transmitting the confidential message simultaneously. In the second stage, the AN projection matrix is obtained by maximizing signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the LUs. The proposed scheme only broadcasts the confidential message to the locations of LUs while the other regions are covered by AN, which promotes the security of the wireless broadcasting system. Moreover, it is energy efficient since the power of each LU is under accurate control. Numerical simulations are presented to validate the performance of the proposed scheme.

scholarly journals On the Implementation of a Dynamic Direction Modulation System with Vector Modulators

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Annette Cabrera-Hernández ◽  
Josep Parron ◽  
Alan Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Efficient Technique ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
Communications System ◽  
Nonideal Behavior ◽  
Directional Modulation

Dynamic directional modulation (DDM) has already proven to be an efficient technique to achieve physical layer security in wireless communications. System architectures based on vector modulators provide a flexible framework to implement synthesis methods that allow us to obtain increased security and/or independent multichannel transmissions. However, the implementation of DDM with vector modulators requires an accurate calibration (amplitude and phase) of every component in the RF path. In this contribution, we study the sensitivity of the response of a DDM system based on commercial vector modulators showing how to correct the nonideal behavior of all the components thanks to the flexibility provided by the vector modulator.

scholarly journals Directional Modulation Technique Using a Polarization Sensitive Array for Physical Layer Security Enhancement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Mingnan Le ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jinye Peng
Keyword(s):  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Symbol Error Rate ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Secrecy Rate ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Polarization Sensitive Array ◽  
Directional Modulation

Directional modulation (DM), as an emerging promising physical layer security (PLS) technique at the transmitter side with the help of an antenna array, has developed rapidly over decades. In this study, a DM technique using a polarization sensitive array (PSA) to produce the modulation with different polarization states (PSs) at different directions is investigated. A PSA, as a vector sensor, can be employed for more effective DM for an additional degree of freedom (DOF) provided in the polarization domain. The polarization information can be exploited to transmit different data streams simultaneously at the same directions, same frequency, but with different PSs in the desired directions to increase the channel capacity, and with random PSs off the desired directions to enhance PLS. The proposed method has the capability of concurrently projecting independent signals into different specified spatial directions while simultaneously distorting signal constellation in all other directions. The symbol error rate (SER), secrecy rate, and the robustness of the proposed DM scheme are analyzed. Design examples for single- and multi-beam DM systems are also presented. Simulations corroborate that 1) the proposed method is more effective for PLS; 2) the proposed DM scheme is more power-efficient than the traditional artificial noise aided DM schemes; and 3) the channel capacity is significantly improved compared with conventional scalar antenna arrays.

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