On the Implementation of a Dynamic Direction Modulation System with Vector Modulators

Dynamic directional modulation (DDM) has already proven to be an efficient technique to achieve physical layer security in wireless communications. System architectures based on vector modulators provide a flexible framework to implement synthesis methods that allow us to obtain increased security and/or independent multichannel transmissions. However, the implementation of DDM with vector modulators requires an accurate calibration (amplitude and phase) of every component in the RF path. In this contribution, we study the sensitivity of the response of a DDM system based on commercial vector modulators showing how to correct the nonideal behavior of all the components thanks to the flexibility provided by the vector modulator.

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Hybrid MIMO and Phased-Array Directional Modulation for Physical Layer Security in mmWave Wireless Communications

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications ◽

10.1109/jsac.2018.2825138 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

pp. 1383-1396 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Wen-Qin Wang ◽

Zhi Zheng

Keyword(s):

Wireless Communications ◽

Physical Layer Security ◽

Phased Array ◽

Physical Layer ◽

Directional Modulation

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A review of directional modulation technology

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies ◽

10.1017/s1759078715001099 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 981-993 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Yuan Ding ◽

Vincent Fusco

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Wireless Communications ◽

Physical Layer Security ◽

Emerging Technology ◽

Physical Layer ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Future Studies ◽

Promising Technology ◽

Assessment Metrics ◽

Directional Modulation

Directional modulation (DM) is an emerging technology for securing wireless communications at the physical layer. This promising technology, unlike the conventional key-based cryptographic methods and the key-based physical layer security approaches, locks information signals without any requirements of keys. The locked information can only be fully recovered by the legitimate receiver(s) priory known by DM transmitters. This paper reviews the origin of the DM concept and, particularly, its development in recent years, including its mathematical model, assessment metrics, synthesis approaches, physical realizations, and finally its potential aspects for future studies.

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Accurate and Efficient Evaluation of Bit Error Rate for Dynamic Directional Modulation for Standard Modulation Schemes

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10070776 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 776

Author(s):

Josep Parrón ◽

Edith Cabrera-Hernandez ◽

Alan Tennant

Keyword(s):

Bit Error Rate ◽

Error Rate ◽

Physical Layer Security ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Physical Layer ◽

Observation Angle ◽

Transmitted Power ◽

Modulation Schemes ◽

Wireless Transmissions ◽

Directional Modulation

Directional modulation (DM) has been proposed as a technique to enhance physical layer security of wireless transmissions. In DM, the improvement of security is achieved by increasing the transmitted power in such a way that the bit error rate (BER) is degraded in the observation angles out of the desired secure direction. The performance of DM in terms of BER is typically evaluated by transmitting a stream of symbols for every observation angle, but this approach can be time consuming. In this communication, we propose an approach to evaluate, accurately and efficiently, the BER of dynamic DM (DDM) for standard modulation schemes. Several DDM configurations will be tested to illustrate the benefits and limitations of the evaluation method. The proposed approach is also used to present a non-iterative DDM synthesis with restrictions in the BER response.

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Directional Modulation Technique Using a Polarization Sensitive Array for Physical Layer Security Enhancement

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19245396 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (24) ◽

pp. 5396

Author(s):

Wei Zhang ◽

Bin Li ◽

Mingnan Le ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Jinye Peng

Keyword(s):

Channel Capacity ◽

Antenna Arrays ◽

Physical Layer Security ◽

Symbol Error Rate ◽

Physical Layer ◽

Artificial Noise ◽

Secrecy Rate ◽

Additional Degree ◽

Polarization Sensitive Array ◽

Directional Modulation

Directional modulation (DM), as an emerging promising physical layer security (PLS) technique at the transmitter side with the help of an antenna array, has developed rapidly over decades. In this study, a DM technique using a polarization sensitive array (PSA) to produce the modulation with different polarization states (PSs) at different directions is investigated. A PSA, as a vector sensor, can be employed for more effective DM for an additional degree of freedom (DOF) provided in the polarization domain. The polarization information can be exploited to transmit different data streams simultaneously at the same directions, same frequency, but with different PSs in the desired directions to increase the channel capacity, and with random PSs off the desired directions to enhance PLS. The proposed method has the capability of concurrently projecting independent signals into different specified spatial directions while simultaneously distorting signal constellation in all other directions. The symbol error rate (SER), secrecy rate, and the robustness of the proposed DM scheme are analyzed. Design examples for single- and multi-beam DM systems are also presented. Simulations corroborate that (1) the proposed method is more effective for PLS; (2) the proposed DM scheme is more power-efficient than the traditional artificial noise aided DM schemes; and (3) the channel capacity is significantly improved compared with conventional scalar antenna arrays.

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Directional Modulation Technique Using a Polarization Sensitive Array for Physical Layer Security Enhancement

10.20944/preprints201910.0368.v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Zhang ◽

Bin Li ◽

Mingnan Le ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Jinye Peng

Keyword(s):

Channel Capacity ◽

Antenna Arrays ◽

Physical Layer Security ◽

Symbol Error Rate ◽

Physical Layer ◽

Artificial Noise ◽

Secrecy Rate ◽

Additional Degree ◽

Polarization Sensitive Array ◽

Directional Modulation

Directional modulation (DM), as an emerging promising physical layer security (PLS) technique at the transmitter side with the help of an antenna array, has developed rapidly over decades. In this study, a DM technique using a polarization sensitive array (PSA) to produce the modulation with different polarization states (PSs) at different directions is investigated. A PSA, as a vector sensor, can be employed for more effective DM for an additional degree of freedom (DOF) provided in the polarization domain. The polarization information can be exploited to transmit different data streams simultaneously at the same directions, same frequency, but with different PSs in the desired directions to increase the channel capacity, and with random PSs off the desired directions to enhance PLS. The proposed method has the capability of concurrently projecting independent signals into different speciﬁed spatial directions while simultaneously distorting signal constellation in all other directions. The symbol error rate (SER), secrecy rate, and the robustness of the proposed DM scheme are analyzed. Design examples for single- and multi-beam DM systems are also presented. Simulations corroborate that 1) the proposed method is more effective for PLS; 2) the proposed DM scheme is more power-efﬁcient than the traditional artiﬁcial noise aided DM schemes; and 3) the channel capacity is signiﬁcantly improved compared with conventional scalar antenna arrays.

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