scholarly journals GaitVision: Real-Time Extraction of Gait Parameters Using Residual Attention Network

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mohammad Farukh Hashmi ◽  
B. Kiran Kumar Ashish ◽  
Prabhu Chaitanya ◽  
Avinash Keskar ◽  
Sinan Q. Salih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Softmax Classifier ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
Access Authentication ◽  
Deep Convolution Network ◽  
Hierarchical Features

Gait walking patterns are one of the key research topics in natural biometrics. The temporal information of the unique gait sequence of a person is preserved and used as a powerful data for access. Often there is a dive into the flexibility of gait sequence due to unstructured and unnecessary sequences that tail off the necessary sequence constraints. The authors in this work present a novel perspective, which extracts useful gait parameters regarded as independent frames and patterns. These patterns and parameters mark as unique signature for each subject in access authentication. This information extracted learns to identify the patterns associated to form a unique gait signature for each person based on their style, foot pressure, angle of walking, angle of bending, acceleration of walk, and step-by-step distance. These parameters form a unique pattern to plot under unique identity for access authorization. This sanitized data of patterns is further passed to a residual deep convolution network that automatically extracts the hierarchical features of gait pattern signatures. The end layer comprises of a Softmax classifier to classify the final prediction of the subject identity. This state-of-the-art work creates a gait-based access authentication that can be used in highly secured premises. This work was specially designed for Defence Department premises authentication. The authors have achieved an accuracy of 90 % ± 1.3 % in real time. This paper mainly focuses on the assessment of the crucial features of gait patterns and analysis of gait patterns research.

MODIFICATION IN FOOT PRESSURE AND GAIT PATTERN AFTER ARTHROSCOPIC CARTILAGE REGENERATION FACILITATING PROCEDURES (ACRFP) IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS OF KNEE

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 1940026
Author(s):  
TSUNG-CHIAO WU ◽  
CHUAN-HSIN YEN ◽  
SHAW-RUEY LYU ◽  
SHUO-SUEI HUNG
Keyword(s):  
Knee Injury ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Chronic Knee Pain ◽  
Gait Parameters

Arthroscopic cartilage regeneration facilitating procedure (ACRFP) has been reported with satisfactory results, yet there is limited research on the biomechanics in these patients. The purpose of this study is to assess the change on the biomechanics after ACRFP, in terms of foot pressure and gait pattern. Patients with chronic knee pain due to osteoarthritis and received ACRFP were recruited, and the knee joints in each patient were divided into either study or control group according to radiographical or symptomatic severity. Assessments were done with Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and dynamic foot pressure at the time before surgery, three months and six months postoperatively. A total of 24 patients completed the study. Significant improvement was found of KOOS, at both three and six months postoperatively. No much change in the gait parameters was noted, but there was a significant decrease of foot pressure over lateral side of hindfoot at six months postoperatively. In conclusion, significant clinical improvements could be achieved with surgical results of ACRFP, and shifting of the foot pressure medially may be related to decrease in the knee adduction moment, which is more favorable for the knee joints.

Dynamic and Reactive Walking for Humanoid Robots Based on Foot Placement Control

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Alejandro Castano ◽  
Zhibin Li ◽  
Chengxu Zhou ◽  
Nikos Tsagarakis ◽  
Darwin Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Foot Placement ◽  
Inverted Pendulum Model ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Pendulum Model ◽  
Single Mass ◽  
Walking Velocity

This paper presents a novel online walking control that replans the gait pattern based on our proposed foot placement control using the actual center of mass (COM) state feedback. The analytic solution of foot placement is formulated based on the linear inverted pendulum model (LIPM) to recover the walking velocity and to reject external disturbances. The foot placement control predicts where and when to place the foothold in order to modulate the gait given the desired gait parameters. The zero moment point (ZMP) references and foot trajectories are replanned online according to the updated foothold prediction. Hence, only desired gait parameters are required instead of predefined or fixed gait patterns. Given the new ZMP references, the extended prediction self-adaptive control (EPSAC) approach to model predictive control (MPC) is used to minimize the ZMP response errors considering the acceleration constraints. Furthermore, to ensure smooth gait transitions, the conditions for the gait initiation and termination are also presented. The effectiveness of the presented gait control is validated by extensive disturbance rejection studies ranging from single mass simulation to a full body humanoid robot COMAN in a physics based simulator. The versatility is demonstrated by the control of reactive gaits as well as reactive stepping from standing posture. We present the data of the applied disturbances, the prediction of sagittal/lateral foot placements, the replanning of the foot/ZMP trajectories, and the COM responses.

EXPLOITING VISUAL CUES FOR LEARNING GAIT PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuhelee Roy ◽  
Geelapaturu Subrahmanya Venkata Radha Krish Rao ◽  
Savarimuthu, Margret Anouncia
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Shape Features ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Gait Abnormalities

Records of cases involving neurological disorders often exhibit abnormalities in the gait pattern of an individual. As mentioned in various articles, the causes of various gait disorders can be attributed to neurological disorders. Hence analysis of gait abnormalities can be a key to predict the type of neurological disorders as a part of early diagnosis. A number of sensor-based measurements have aided towards quantifying the degree of abnormalities in a gait pattern. A shape oriented motion based approach has been proposed in this paper to envisage the task of classifying an abnormal gait pattern into one of the five types of gait viz. Parkinsonian, Scissor, Spastic, Steppage and Normal gait. The motion and shape features for two cases viz. right-leg-front and left-leg-front will be taken into account. Experimental results of application on real-time videos suggest the reliability of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Distinct Ground Reaction Forces in Gait between the Paretic and Non-Paretic Leg of Stroke Patients: A Paradigm for Innovative Physiotherapy Intervention

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1542
Author(s):  
Zoe Mass Kokolevich ◽  
Erik Biros ◽  
Oren Tirosh ◽  
Jacqueline Elise Reznik
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Physiotherapy Treatment ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Physiotherapy Intervention ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Reaction Forces

This case report study aims to identify the differences in the ground reaction forces (GRF) placed on the forefoot, hindfoot, and entire foot between the paretic and non-paretic legs in two stroke patients to identify potential targets for improved physiotherapy treatment. A digital gait analysis foot pressure insole was fitted inside the participants’ shoes to measure the percentage of body weight taken during the stance phase, and the vertical GRF of the two subjects are reported in this paper. Both patients presented noteworthy differences in gait parameters individually and between their paretic and non-paretic legs. The trend shows a decreased percentage of body weight on the paretic forefoot and hindfoot, although the percentage bodyweight placed on the entire foot remained similar in both feet. The gait patterns shown were highly individual and indicated that both legs were affected to some degree. These findings identify key motion targets for an improved physiotherapy treatment following a stroke, suggesting that physiotherapy treatment should be targeted and individually tailored and should include both extremities.

scholarly journals Real-Time Auditory Feedback–Induced Adaptation to Walking Among Seniors Using the Heel2Toe Sensor: Proof-of-Concept Study

10.2196/13889 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e13889
Author(s):  
Kedar KV Mate ◽  
Ahmed Abou-Sharkh ◽  
José A Morais ◽  
Nancy E Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Simple Strategy ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Strategy Changes

Background Evidence shows that gait training in older adults is effective in improving the gait pattern, but the effects abate with cessation of training. During gait training, therapists use a number of verbal and visual cues to place the heel first when stepping. This simple strategy changes posture from stooped to upright, lengthens the stride, stimulates pelvic and trunk rotation, and facilitates arm swing. These principles guided the development of the Heel2Toe sensor that provides real-time auditory feedback for each good step, in which the heel strikes first. Objective This feasibility study aimed (1) to contribute evidence toward the feasibility and efficacy potential for home use of the Heel2Toe sensor that provides real-time feedback and (2) to estimate changes in gait parameters after five training sessions using the sensor. Methods A pre-post study included 5 training sessions over 2 weeks in the community on a purposive sample of six seniors. Proportion of good steps, angular velocity (AV) at each step, and cadence over a 2- minute period were assessed as was usability and experience. Results All gait parameters, proportion of good steps, AV, and duration of walking bouts improved. The coefficient of variation of AV decreased, indicating consistency of stepping. Conclusions Efficacy potential and feasibility of the Heel2Toe sensor were demonstrated.

scholarly journals Real-Time Auditory Feedback–Induced Adaptation to Walking Among Seniors Using the Heel2Toe Sensor: Proof-of-Concept Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kedar K.V. Mate ◽  
Ahmed Abou-Sharkh ◽  
José A. Morais ◽  
Nancy E. Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Simple Strategy ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Strategy Changes

BACKGROUND Evidence shows that gait training in older adults is effective in improving the gait pattern, but the effects abate with cessation of training. During gait training, therapists use a number of verbal and visual cues to place the heel first when stepping. This simple strategy changes posture from stooped to upright, lengthens the stride, stimulates pelvic and trunk rotation, and facilitates arm swing. These principles guided the development of the Heel2Toe sensor that provides real-time auditory feedback for each good step, in which the heel strikes first. OBJECTIVE This feasibility study aimed (1) to contribute evidence toward the feasibility and efficacy potential for home use of the Heel2Toe sensor that provides real-time feedback and (2) to estimate changes in gait parameters after five training sessions using the sensor. METHODS A pre-post study included 5 training sessions over 2 weeks in the community on a purposive sample of six seniors. Proportion of good steps, angular velocity (AV) at each step, and cadence over a 2- minute period were assessed as was usability and experience. RESULTS All gait parameters, proportion of good steps, AV, and duration of walking bouts improved. The coefficient of variation of AV decreased, indicating consistency of stepping. CONCLUSIONS Efficacy potential and feasibility of the Heel2Toe sensor were demonstrated.

scholarly journals Adjustable Method for Real-Time Gait Pattern Detection Based on Ground Reaction Forces Using Force Sensitive Resistors and Statistical Analysis of Constant False Alarm Rate

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangli Yu ◽  
Jianbin Zheng ◽  
Lie Yu ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Hailin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Alarm ◽  
False Alarm Rate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Sliding Window ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Pattern Detection ◽  
Constant False Alarm Rate ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Reference Methods

A new approach is proposed to detect the real-time gait patterns adaptively through measuring the ground contact forces (GCFs) by force sensitive resistors (FSRs). Published threshold-based methods detect the gait patterns by means of setting a fixed threshold to divide the GCFs into on-ground and off-ground statuses. However, the threshold-based methods in the literature are neither an adaptive nor a real-time approach. To overcome these drawbacks, this study utilized the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) to analyze the characteristics of GCF signals. Specifically, a sliding window detector is built to record the lasting time of the curvature of the GCF signals and one complete gait cycle could be divided into three areas, such as continuous ascending area, continuous descending area and unstable area. Then, the GCF values in the unstable area are used to compute a threshold through the CFAR. Finally, the new gait pattern detection rules are proposed which include the results of the sliding window detector and the division results through the computed threshold. To verify this idea, a data acquisition board is designed to collect the GCF data from able-bodied subjects. Meanwhile, in order to test the reliability of the proposed method, five threshold-based methods in the literature are introduced as reference methods and the reliability is validated by comparing the detection results of the proposed method with those of the reference methods. Experimental results indicated that the proposed method could be used for real-time gait pattern detection, detect the gait patterns adaptively and obtain high reliabilities compared with the reference methods.

scholarly journals Domain-Specific Self-Perceptions of Aging are Associated with Different Gait Patterns in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Latent Profile Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Blawert ◽  
Sebastian Krumpoch ◽  
Ellen Freiberger ◽  
Susanne Wurm
Keyword(s):  
Gait Speed ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Perceptions Of Aging ◽  
Objectively Measured

Abstract Background: Previous studies have pointed to the impact of self-perceptions of aging (SPA) on self-reported physical function in later life. However, less is known about the role of SPA for objectively measured physical function, especially gait. Research that examined other psychological variables and objectively measured gait has focused on single gait parameters such as gait speed, which seems to fall short for the complexity of this movement. Some approaches have proposed ways to identify gait patterns in specific patient groups (such as patients with hemiplegia), but not in community samples. Our goal was a) to identify gait patterns based on a combination of important gait parameters in a community sample, and b) to investigate differential associations of gain- and loss-related SPA with these gait patterns.Methods: The study used an electronic walkway to assess gait parameters of 150 community dwelling adults aged 71-93 years (61.0% women) at their usual and maximum gait speed. SPA were assessed with a questionnaire. We used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify groups exhibiting distinct gait patterns and binary logistic regression to investigate associations of SPA with these groups, controlling for personality traits, number of illnesses, age, gender, and education. To compare overall function between groups, a t-test for scores in the Short Physical Performance Battery was used.Results: LPA revealed two distinct groups in both gait speed conditions. The fit group exhibited a stable, well-coordinated and faster gait pattern while the functionally limited group’s gait pattern was less stable, less coordinated and slower. The odds of belonging to the functionally limited group were increased by loss-related SPA at usual gait speed, while the odds of belonging to the fit group were increased by gain-related SPA at individual maximum speed. Conclusions: The findings a) suggest LPA as a useful approach to investigate complex gait patterns considering several gait parameters simultaneously, and b) provide first evidence for the differential role of gain- and loss-related SPA for gait patterns at usual and maximum gait speed. Intervention studies addressing gait in older adults should additionally address gain-related views on aging.Trial registration: NA

scholarly journals Domain-specific self-perceptions of aging are associated with different gait patterns in older adults: a cross-sectional latent profile analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Blawert ◽  
Sebastian Krumpoch ◽  
Ellen Freiberger ◽  
Susanne Wurm
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Perceptions Of Aging ◽  
Objectively Measured

Abstract Background Previous studies have pointed to the impact of self-perceptions of aging (SPA) on self-reported physical function in later life. However, less is known about associations of SPA with objectively measured physical function, especially gait. Research that examined other psychological variables and objectively measured gait has focused on single gait parameters such as gait speed, which seems to fall short for the complexity of this movement. Some approaches have proposed ways to identify gait patterns in specific patient groups, but not in community samples. Our goal was (a) to identify gait patterns based on a combination of important gait parameters in a community sample, and (b) to investigate differential associations of gain- and loss-related SPA with these gait patterns. Methods The study used an electronic walkway to assess gait parameters of 150 community dwelling adults aged 71–93 years (61.0% women) at their usual and maximum gait speed. SPA were assessed with a questionnaire. We used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify groups exhibiting distinct gait patterns and binary logistic regression to investigate associations of SPA with these groups, controlling for personality traits, number of illnesses, age, gender, and education. To compare overall function between groups, a t-test for scores in the Short Physical Performance Battery was used. Results LPA revealed two distinct groups in both gait speed conditions. The fit group exhibited a stable, well-coordinated and faster gait pattern, while the functionally limited group’s gait pattern was less stable, less coordinated and slower. The odds of belonging to the functionally limited group were increased by loss-related SPA at usual gait speed, while the odds of belonging to the fit group were increased by gain-related SPA at individual maximum speed. Conclusions The findings (a) suggest LPA as a useful approach to investigate complex gait patterns considering several gait parameters simultaneously, and (b) provide first evidence for differential associations of gain- and loss-related SPA with gait patterns at usual and maximum gait speed. Intervention studies addressing gait in older adults should additionally address gain-related views on aging.

scholarly journals Efficacy of axial TheraTogs on gait pattern in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamekh Mohamed El-Shamy ◽  
Ehab Mohamed Abd El Kafy
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background TheraTogs promotes proprioceptive sense of a child with cerebral palsy and improves abnormal muscle tone, posture alignment, balance, and gait. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of TheraTogs orthotic undergarment on gait pattern in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Thirty children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy were selected for this randomized controlled study. They were randomly assigned to (1) an experimental group that received TheraTogs orthotic undergarment (12 h/day, 3 days/week) plus traditional physical therapy for 3 successive months and (2) a control group that received only traditional physical therapy program for the same time period. Gait parameters were measured at baseline and after 3 months of intervention using Pro-Reflex motion analysis. Results Children in both groups showed significant improvements in the gait parameters (P < 0.05), with significantly greater improvements in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusions The use of TheraTogs may have a positive effect to improve gait pattern in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Trial registration This trial was registered in the ClinicalTrial.gov PRS (NCT03037697).

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