scholarly journals Customer Behavior Analysis in Ticket Windows at Scenic Spots from Game-Theoretic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Sherif I. Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Customer Behavior ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Waiting Cost ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Strategies ◽  
Customers Perspective

In service industries, especially in some ticket windows at scenic spots, affected by congestion, some customers often find excuses or ask the acquaintances in the queue so as to jump the queue and complete their corresponding service as early as possible. In this paper, we model the queueing phenomenon in the ticket windows at scenic spots as a special queue, namely, the so-called “team queue.” Although this phenomenon often happens in daily life, it is less well known to people. In a team queue, an arriving customer first searches the queue from the top to bottom to see if some of his teammates are already in the queue. If yes, he would join the queue and be served with his teammates; otherwise, he would join the queue at the tail. To this end, arising from the customers’ perspective, the strategic behavior of queueing customers in the ticket windows at scenic spots is analyzed. On the basis of considering the waiting cost and reward, the individual strategies and social optimal strategies of queueing customers are derived, regarding the joining or balking dilemma and for the observable and unobservable cases. Finally, to demonstrate how various parameters affect the joining strategies, some numerical examples are provided.

scholarly journals A Game Theoretic Look at Life Insurance Underwriting

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Lemaire
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Game ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Decision Problem ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Minimax Criterion ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Optimal Set

The decision problem of acceptance or rejection of life insurance proposals is formulated as a two-person non cooperative game between the insurer and the set of the proposers. Using the minimax criterion or the Bayes criterion, it is shown how the value and the optimal strategies can be computed, and how an optimal set of medical informations can be selected and utilized.

scholarly journals LEARNING TO PLAY BEST RESPONSE IN DUOPOLY GAMES

2004 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 443-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN WENZELBURGER
Keyword(s):  
Demand Function ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Response Behavior ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Payoff Functions ◽  
Duopoly Market

We consider a quantity-setting duopoly market where firms lack perfect knowledge of the market demand function. They use estimated and therefore misspecified demand functions instead and determine their optimal strategies from the corresponding subjective payoff functions. The central issue of this paper is the question under which conditions a firm can learn the true demand function as well as the response behavior of its competitor from repeated estimations of historical market data. As soon as estimation errors are negligible, a firm is able to play best response in the usual game theoretic sense.

Ethology: The Narrative Turn

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Lestel
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Cognitive Ethology ◽  
Philosophical Question ◽  
Animal Intelligence ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Strategies

Distinguishing their work from the causalist approaches of objectivist ethology, sociobiology, or cognitive ethology, a growing number of ethologists lay claim to the possibility of describing what animals do through more or less complex narratives. Narration becomes a methodological tool in its own right. Animals thus become characters as in novels. This is an epistemological choice. Our capacity to perceive the complexity of animal lives is tied to our capacity to tell ourselves stories in which animals are the heroes. These animals are not robots. They are subjects, individuals, and even persons. From this results a new and transpecific form of third-person narration. This approach still relies, however, on a set of very carefully collected field data and requires a great familiarity with observed animals. It then becomes possible to concern oneself with the individual strategies of particular animals rather than solely with behaviors that would be common to all members of a given species. The recourse to narrative as a means of understanding animal intelligence is especially pertinent as we become increasingly aware that animals themselves tell stories and that our concepts of narrative must expand beyond the human. Knowing whether animals have narrative structures is a philosophical question before it is a biological one. The desire to extend narrativity to the animal necessarily modifies what narrativity signifies. We perceive in animals a processual narrativity, a behavioral narrativity, and a fictional narrativity. The study of animals forces to rethink what a fiction is and compels one to consider its phylogensis in a rigorous manner without locating its origins in Homo sapiens.

The Building Blocks of Defensive and Accusatory Language in Canadian Question Period

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Blyth
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
English Studies ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Linguistic Strategies ◽  
Argumentative Strategies ◽  
Political Integrity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Strategies ◽  
Grammatical Structures ◽  
General Scale

The idea that there are grammatical structures which form accusations and defenses in language has been explored in the context of isolated instances of political debate (Rasiah 2009). This paper goes beyond that, looking at the specific linguistic strategies that compose such a structure, and evaluating those strategies over time. A discourse analysis is used to isolate, contrast and compare argumentative strategies in two different sections from the Canadian Hansard corpus. The first section consists of transcriptions of question period recorded in 2005 while the second is from 2014, allowing for a comparison that explores these trends through time. The strategies found in each section consist of specific linguistic elements which are relevant in the context of grammar structure analysis. Beyond this the individual strategies can also be sorted into larger groups, such as temporal distancing and diverting agentivity, which map the grammar of evasion on a more general scale. These groups expose language trends in political debate, and allow for an analysis of general evasion tactics used in Canadian government. By exploring the implications of said trends, this paper raises the question of political integrity in our Country’s leadership. A presentation of this thesis would explore the specific strategies, however would focus on the general groups, the trends that they expose and their implications.  This information could be found relevant in many academic contexts including sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, politics, and English studies.

Strategic Behavior and Optimization in an Unobservable Constant Retrial Queue with Balking and Set-Up Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-290
Author(s):  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Liwei Liu ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Xudong Chai
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Retrial Queue ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Welfare Maximization ◽  
Social Welfare Maximization ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Steady State Solutions

AbstractAn M/M/1 constant retrial queue with balking customers and set-up time is considered. Once the system becomes empty, the server will be turned down to reduce operating costs, and it will be activated only when there is a customers arrives. In this paper, the almost unobservable case is studied, in which the information of the queue length is unavailable, whereas the state of the server can be obtained. Firstly, the steady state solutions are derived and the individual equilibrium strategies are analyzed. In addition, social optimization problems, including cost analysis and social welfare maximization are investigated by using the PSO algorithm. Finally, by appropriate numerical examples, the sensitivity of some main system parameters is shown.

scholarly journals Research on Two-stage Order Picking Sequencing for Intensive Shelf

2019 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Xue Tian ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Jianglong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Global Optimum ◽  
Order Picking ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Stage Order ◽  
Waiting Cost ◽  
The Law

The increasingly usage of Intensive shelves, greatly increase the utilization of storage space, but also is more demanding on order picking time . Based on the storage layout of intensive mobile shelves, this paper combines the time cost of shelf movement with the moving distance under the guidance of seeking global optimum. Transform the single order picking process into TSP problem, while considering the picking process. The waiting cost of the order, and the minimum of the picking cost and the waiting cost of the whole batch of orders requiring shelf movement, to establish a two-stage mathematical model of the order picking order. Then, the algorithm for solving the model is designed, and the simulation is carried out by numerical examples to illustrate the law and characteristics of the problem more vividly, in order to provide reference and reference for the order picking activities of intensive mobile shelves.

Individual strategies for successful ageing

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Clemens Tesch-Römer ◽  
Hans-Werner Wahl ◽  
Suresh I. S. Rattan ◽  
Liat Ayalon
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
Successful Ageing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Ageing Research ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Strategies

Individual strategies are necessary for successful ageing. Three of the models discussed in the previous chapter—the pragmatic, hedonic, and eudaimonic models—put particular emphasis on individuals’ striving to reach their desired endpoints: to be fit, autonomous and engaged; to be happy; or to be wise, respectively. Nevertheless, the primary responsibility for successful ageing lies mainly in the hands of the individual, although external factors may be in place to support the individual’s effort to age successfully. At present, ageing research has focused to a large extent on individual strategies and resources for successful to the individual level. The main results from ageing research are discussed in this chapter.

Strategic Behavior and Social Norms in Tipped Service Industries

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofer H Azar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Good Future ◽  
Tipping Behavior

Abstract Tipping is a multi-billion-dollar phenomenon that traditional economic theory finds hard to explain. Why do people leave money as tips when service has already been provided? Two main potential reasons are that tipping is a social norm, and a strategic behavior aimed to assure good future service. A game-theoretical model is developed which allows the analysis of how tipping behavior should depend on patronage frequency if strategic motivations affect tipping. Thus, the model provides predictions that can be combined with empirical data on tipping behavior to answer the fundamental question, why do people tip?

ON HETEROGENEITY IN THE INDIVIDUAL MODEL WITH BOTH DEPENDENT CLAIM OCCURRENCES AND SEVERITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (02) ◽  
pp. 817-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiying Zhang ◽  
Xiaohu Li ◽  
Ka Chun Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Claim Amount ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Individual Model ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Scale Parameters ◽  
Aggregate Claim ◽  
Left Tail ◽  
Insurance Portfolio ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Arrangement Increasing

AbstractIt is a common belief for actuaries that the heterogeneity of claim severities in a given insurance portfolio tends to increase its dangerousness, which results in requiring more capital for covering claims. This paper aims to investigate the effects of orderings and heterogeneity among scale parameters on the aggregate claim amount when both claim occurrence probabilities and claim severities are dependent. Under the assumption that the claim occurrence probabilities are left tail weakly stochastic arrangement increasing, the actuaries' belief is examined from two directions, i.e., claim severities are comonotonic or right tail weakly stochastic arrangement increasing. Numerical examples are provided to validate these theoretical findings. An application in assets allocation is addressed as well.

A game theoretic approach to optimal pricing of flights and passengers at congested airports

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ata Allah Taleizadeh ◽  
Moeen Sammak Jalali ◽  
Shib Sankar Sana
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Game Theoretic

Purpose This paper aims to embark a mathematical model based on investigation and comparison of airport pricing policies under various types of competition, considering both per-passenger and per-flight charges at congested airports. Design/methodology/approach In this model, four-game theoretic strategies are assessed and closed-form formulas have been proved for each of the mentioned strategies. Numerical examples and graphical representations of the optimal solutions are provided to illustrate the models. Findings The rectitude of the presented formulas is evaluated with sensitivity analysis and numerical examples have been put forward. Finally, managerial implications are suggested by means of the proposed analysis. Research limitations/implications The represented model is inherently limited to investigate all the available and influential factors in the field of congestion pricing. With this regard, several studies can be implemented as the future research of this study. The applications of other game theoretic approaches such as Cartel games and its combination with the four mentioned games seem to be worthwhile. Moreover, it is recommended to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed model and formulations with a large-scale database. Originality/value The authors formulate a novel strategy that put forwards a four-game theoretic strategy, which helps managers to select the best suitable ones for their specific airline and/or air traveling companies. The authors find that by means of the proposed model, the application of Stackelberg–Bertrand behavior in the field of airport congestion pricing will rebound to a more profitable strategy in contrast with the other three represented methods.

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