scholarly journals Improving Performance of User Pair Using Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kaveti UmaMaheswari ◽  
Arjun Chakravarthi Pogaku ◽  
Dinh-Thuan Do ◽  
Anh-Tu Le ◽  
Munyaradzi Munochiveyi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Outage Probability ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Performance Metric ◽  
Fixed Power ◽  
Recent Arrival ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Given

With the given scope for new use cases and the demanding needs of future 6th generation (6G) wireless networks, the development of wireless communications looks exciting. The propagation medium has been viewed as a randomly behaving entity between the transmitter and the receiver since traditional wireless technology, degrading the quality of the received signal due to the unpredictable interactions of the broadcast radio waves with the surrounding objects. On the other hand, network operators could now manipulate electromagnetic radiation to remove the negative impacts of natural wireless propagation due to the recent arrival of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) in wireless communications. According to recent findings, the RIS mechanism benefits nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA), which can effectively deliver effective transmissions. For simple design, of RIS-NOMA system, fixed power allocation scheme for NOMA is required. The main system performance metric, i.e., outage probability, needs to be considered to look at the efficiency and capability of transmission mode relying on RIS and NOMA schemes, motivated by the potential of these developing technologies. As major performance metrics, we derive analytical representations of outage probability, and throughput and an accurate approximation is obtained for the outage probability. Numerical results are conducted to validate the exactness of the theoretical analysis. It is found that increasing the higher number of reflecting elements in the RIS can significantly boost the outage probability performance, and the scenario with only the RIS link is also beneficial. In addition, it is desirable to deploy the RIS-NOMA since it is indicated that better performance compared with the traditional multiple access technique.

FAKTOR DETERMINAN PENYALURAN KREDIT BANK PERSERO

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Wigiyanti Masodah
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Models

Offering credit is the main activity of a Bank. There are some considerations when a bank offers credit, that includes Interest Rates, Inflation, and NPL. This study aims to find out the impact of Variable Interest Rates, Inflation variables and NPL variables on credit disbursed. The object in this study is state-owned banks. The method of analysis in this study uses multiple linear regression models. The results of the study have shown that Interest Rates and NPL gave some negative impacts on the given credit. Meanwhile, Inflation variable does not have a significant effect on credit given. Keywords: Interest Rate, Inflation, NPL, offered Credit.

Relay Selection-aware Non-orthogonal Multiple Access Networks: Direct and Relaying Mode

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-354
Author(s):  
Dinh-Thuan Do ◽  
Minh-Sang V. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Relay Selection ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Decode And Forward ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Fixed Power ◽  
Transmission Quality ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Outage Probabilities ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

Objective: In this paper, Decode-and-Forward (DF) mode is deployed in the Relay Selection (RS) scheme to provide better performance in cooperative downlink Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) networks. In particular, evaluation regarding the impact of the number of multiple relays on outage performance is presented. Methods: As main parameter affecting cooperative NOMA performance, we consider the scenario of the fixed power allocations and the varying number of relays. In addition, the expressions of outage probabilities are the main metric to examine separated NOMA users. By matching related results between simulation and analytical methods, the exactness of derived formula can be verified. Results: The intuitive main results show that in such cooperative NOMA networks, the higher the number of relays equipped, the better the system performance can be achieved. Conclusion: DF mode is confirmed as a reasonable selection scheme to improve the transmission quality in NOMA. In future work, we will introduce new relay selections to achieve improved performance.

Lassa hemorrhagic fever model using new generalized Caputo-type fractional derivative operator

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150055
Author(s):  
Pushpendra Kumar ◽  
Vedat Suat Erturk ◽  
Abdullahi Yusuf ◽  
Tukur Abdulkadir Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Predictor Corrector ◽  
The Given

In some of the previous decades, we have observed that mathematical modeling has become one of the most interesting research fields and has attracted many researchers. In this regard, thousands of researchers have proposed different varieties of mathematical models to study the dynamics of a number of real-world problems. This research work is framed to analyzing the structure of the well-known Lassa hemorrhagic epidemic; a dangerous epidemic for pregnant women, via new generalized Caputo type noninteger order derivative with the help of a modified Predictor–Corrector scheme. Lassa hemorrhagic disease is an epidemical and biocidal fever, whose negative impacts were initially recognized in the countries of Africa. This virus has killed many pregnant women as compared to the Ebola epidemic. It was noticed that Lassa virus was isolated in Vero cell cultures from a blood pattern, and after 12 days it was ejective, after the climb of the sickness. In this research study, necessary theorems and lemmas are reminded to prove the existence of a unique solution and stability of given fractional approximation scheme. All necessary results are reminded to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approximation algorithm by graphical observations for various fractional-order values. In our practical calculations, we plotted the graphs for two different values of natural death rate along with various values of given fractional-order operator. Our major target is to show the importance of the proposed modified version of the Predictor–Corrector algorithm in epidemic studies by exploring the given Lassa hemorrhagic fever dynamics.

scholarly journals A Coordinated Direct AF/DF Relay-Aided NOMA Framework for Low Outage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Jee ◽  
KAMAL AGRAWAL ◽  
Shankar Prakriya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Outage Probability ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Power Allocation ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Performance Gain ◽  
Amplify And Forward ◽  
Decode And Forward

This paper investigates the performance of a framework for low-outage downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) signalling using a coordinated direct and relay transmission (CDRT) scheme with direct links to both the near-user (NU) and the far-user (FU). Both amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying are considered. In this framework, NU and FU combine the signals from BS and R to attain good outage performance and harness a diversity of two without any need for feedback. For the NU, this serves as an incentive to participate in NOMA signalling. For both NU and FU, expressions for outage probability and throughput are derived in closed form. High-SNR approximations to the outage probability are also presented. We demonstrate that the choice of power allocation coefficient and target rate is crucial to maximize the NU performance while ensuring a desired FU performance. We demonstrate performance gain of the proposed scheme over selective decode-and-forward (SDF) CDRT-NOMA in terms of three metrics: outage probability, sum throughput and energy efficiency. Further, we demonstrate that by choosing the target rate intelligently, the proposed CDRT NOMA scheme ensures higher energy efficiency (EE) in comparison to its orthogonal multiple access counterpart. Monte Carlo simulations validate the derived expressions.

scholarly journals On Secrecy Outage Probability for Downlink NOMA Systems With Relay-Antenna Selection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Xu ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Mujun Qian ◽  
Wenfeng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Outage Probability ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Antenna Selection ◽  
Maximal Ratio Combining ◽  
Selection Combining ◽  
Secrecy Outage Probability ◽  
Channel State ◽  
Secrecy Outage ◽  
Secure Transmission ◽  
Theoretical Results

Abstract Secure transmission is essential for future non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system. This paper investigates relay-antenna selection (RAS) to enhance physical-layer security (PLS) of cooperative NOMA system in the presence of an eavesdropper, where multiple antennas are deployed at the relays, the users, and the eavesdropper. In order to reduce expense on radio frequency (RF) chains, selection combining (SC) is employed at both the relays and the users, whilst the eavesdropper employs either maximal-ratio combining (MRC) or selection combining (SC) to process the received signals. Under the condition that the channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropping channel is available or unavailable, two e↵ective relay-antenna selection schemes are proposed. Additionally, the closed-form expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) are derived for the proposed relay-antenna selection schemes. In order to gain more deep insights on the derived results, the asymptotic performance of the derived SOP is analyzed. In simulations, it is demonstrated that the theoretical results match well with the simulation results and the SOP of the proposed schemes is less than that of the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme obviously.

scholarly journals Considerations for performance metrics of metagenomic next generation sequencing analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason G. Kralj ◽  
Stephanie L. Servetas ◽  
Samuel P. Forry ◽  
Scott A. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fitness For Purpose ◽  
Performance Metric ◽  
The One ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Harmonic Means

AbstractEvaluating the performance of metagenomics analyses has proven a challenge, due in part to limited ground-truth standards, broad application space, and numerous evaluation methods and metrics. Application of traditional clinical performance metrics (i.e. sensitivity, specificity, etc.) using taxonomic classifiers do not fit the “one-bug-one-test” paradigm. Ultimately, users need methods that evaluate fitness-for-purpose and identify their analyses’ strengths and weaknesses. Within a defined cohort, reporting performance metrics by taxon, rather than by sample, will clarify this evaluation. An estimated limit of detection, positive and negative control samples, and true positive and negative true results are necessary criteria for all investigated taxa. Use of summary metrics should be restricted to comparing results of similar cohorts and data, and should employ harmonic means and continuous products for each performance metric rather than arithmetic mean. Such consideration will ensure meaningful comparisons and evaluation of fitness-for-purpose.

scholarly journals Optimal Stiffness Design for an Exhaustive Parallel Compliance Matrix in Multiactuator Robotic Limbs

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Cahill ◽  
Thomas Sugar ◽  
Yi Ren ◽  
Kyle Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Legged Robots ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Compliance Matrix ◽  
Performance Metric ◽  
Stiffness Design ◽  
Optimal Stiffness

Comparatively slow growth in energy density of both power storage and generation technologies has placed added emphasis on the need for energy-efficient designs in legged robots. This paper explores the potential of parallel springs in robot limb design. We start by adding what we call the exhaustive parallel compliance matrix (EPCM) to the design. The EPCM is a set of parallel springs, which includes a parallel spring for each joint and a multijoint parallel spring for all possible combinations of the robot's joints. Then, we carefully formulate and compare two performance metrics, which improve various aspects of the system performance. Each performance metric is analyzed and compared, their strengths and weaknesses being rigorously presented. The performance benefits associated with this approach are dramatic. Implementing the spring matrix reduces the sum of square power (SSP) exerted by the actuators by up to 47%, the peak power requirement by almost 40%, the sum of squared current by 55%, and the peak current by 55%. These results were generated using a planar robot limb and a gait trajectory borrowed from biology. We use a fully dynamic model of the robotic system including inertial effects. We also test the design robustness using a perturbation study, which shows that the parallel springs are effective even in the presence of trajectory perturbation.

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