scholarly journals Bimetallic MOF-Derived Synthesis of Cobalt-Cerium Oxide Supported Phosphotungstic Acid Composites for the Oleic Acid Esterification

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Qiuyun Zhang ◽  
Xianju Yang ◽  
Jiali Yao ◽  
Jingsong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Activity Loss ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Acid Esterification

The impregnation of phosphotungstic acid (HPW) with porous cobalt-cerium oxide (HPW@CoCeO) has been prepared by pyrolysis of CoCe-MOF and used for the production of methyl oleate from oleic acid and methanol. FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, N2 adsorption/desorption, and NH3-TPD were characterized for the prepared composites. Simultaneously, the effects of reaction time, substrate molar ratio, temperature, and catalyst loading on catalytic activity were highlighted, and the conversion of 67.2% was reached after 4 h at 60°C. Importantly, HPW@CoCeO was reusabe and reused more than eight times, and the oleic acid conversion could be maintained at 61.8% without significant activity loss. Thus, the HPW@CoCeO composite could be used as acid catalysts for sustainable energy production.

scholarly journals The Effect of Co-solvent on Esterification of Oleic Acid Using Amberlyst 15 as Solid Acid Catalyst in Biodiesel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Iwan Ridwan ◽  
Mukhtar Ghazali ◽  
Adi Kusmayadi ◽  
Resza Diwansyah Putra ◽  
Nina Marlina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Acid Esterification

The oleic acid solubility in methanol is low due to two phase separation, and this causes a slow reaction time in biodiesel production. Tetrahydrofuran as co-solvent can decrease the interfacial surface tension between methanol and oleic acid. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of co-solvent, methanol to oleic acid molar ratio, catalyst amount, and temperature of the reaction to the free fatty acid conversion. Oleic acid esterification was conducted by mixing oleic acid, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and Amberlyst 15 as a solid acid catalyst in a batch reactor. The Amberlyst 15 used had an exchange capacity of 2.57 meq/g. Significant free fatty acid conversion increments occur on biodiesel production using co-solvent compared without co-solvent. The highest free fatty acid conversion was obtained over methanol to the oleic acid molar ratio of 25:1, catalyst use of 10%, the co-solvent concentration of 8%, and a reaction temperature of 60°C. The highest FFA conversion was found at 28.6 %, and the steady state was reached after 60 minutes. In addition, the use of Amberlyst 15 oleic acid esterification shows an excellent performance as a solid acid catalyst. Catalytic activity was maintained after 4 times repeated use and reduced slightly in the fifth use.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production using Synthesized HY Zeolite Catalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Dr. Ban A. Al-Tabbakh ◽  
Sattar J. Hussein ◽  
Zena A. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Hy Zeolite ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Acid Esterification

Biodiesel was produced using oleic acid esterification and transesterification of the sunflower oil methods. Many different factors affecting production procedures were studied such as reaction temperature, the molar ratio of ethanol to oil, reaction time and concentration of HY catalyst. Different techniques such as TGA, FTIR and Mass spectroscopy were used to syntheses biodiesel. Results showed that 78% of oleic acid maximum conversion was obtained at a temperature of 70oC with molar ratio 12:1 ethanol: oil with 5 wt.% catalysts at 90 min reaction time, while for sunflower oil conversion of 98% at 200oC with 5 weight ratio of ethanol: oil at a time of 3 h was successfully obtained.

scholarly journals Effect of Surface Modifications of SBA-15 with Aminosilanes and 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid on Catalytic Properties in Environmentally Friendly Esterification of Glycerol with Oleic Acid to Produce Monoolein

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kullatida Ratchadapiban ◽  
Piyasan Praserthdam ◽  
Duangamol Tungasmita ◽  
Chutima Tangku ◽  
Wipark Anutrasakda
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Tungstophosphoric Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray

A series of protonated amino-functionalized SBA-15 materials was synthesized and tested as heterogeneous catalysts for the esterification of glycerol with oleic acid to produce monoolein. Mesoporous SBA-15 (S) was functionalized with three different aminosilanes: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (N1); [3-(2-amino-ethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane] (N2); and (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine (N3), before being impregnated with 40 wt % 12-tungstophosphoric acid (HPW). The resulting nanocatalysts (S-Nx-HPW) were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and elemental analysis techniques. The presence of components of the nanocatalysts and the preservation of the hexagonal structure of SBA-15 were confirmed. Using different functionalizing agents considerably affected the textural properties and acidity of the synthesized nanocatalysts, which helped to improve the catalytic performance. In particular, S-N2-HPW was more active and selective than other catalysts in this study, as well as than a number of other commercial acid catalysts, with 95.0% oleic acid conversion and 60.9% monoolein selectivity being obtained after five h of reaction at 160 °C using 2.5 wt % of catalyst loading and glycerol/oleic acid molar ratio of 4:1. Aminosilane functionalization also helped to increase the reusability of the catalysts to at least six cycles without considerable loss of activity through strong electrostatic interactions between HPW anions and the protonated amino-functionalized SBA-15 materials.

scholarly journals Relevance of the Physicochemical Properties of Calcined Quail Eggshell (CaO) as a Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Marques Correia ◽  
Juan Antonio Cecilia ◽  
Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón ◽  
Célio Loureiro Cavalcante ◽  
Rodrigo Silveira Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Activity Phase ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The CaO solid derived from natural quail eggshell was calcined and employed as catalyst to produce biodiesel via transesterification of sunflower oil. The natural quail eggshell was calcined at 900°C for 3 h, in order to modify the calcium carbonate present in its structure in CaO, the activity phase of the catalyst. Both precursor and catalyst were characterized using Hammett indicators method, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), CO2temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD), X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2adsorption-desorption at −196°C, and distribution particle size. The maximum biodiesel production was of 99.00 ± 0.02 wt.% obtained in the following transesterification reaction conditions:XMR(sunflower oil/methanol molar ratio of 1 : 10.5 mol : mol),XCAT(catalyst loading of 2 wt.%),XTIME(reaction time of 2 h), stirring rate of 1000 rpm, and temperature of 60°C.

KAJIAN AWAL PENGARUH WAKTU REAKSI DAN RASIO MOLAR ASAM OLEAT DENGAN BUTANOL TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKO KIMIA PLASTISIZER BUTIL OLEAT

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Mers Selly ◽  
Nirwana
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Acid Esterification

Vol 7 No 2ABSTRACTEsterification reaction is a reaction between fatty acids or carboxylic acids with alcohols toesters. Fatty acid (oleic acid) sourced from palm oil. One alternative to increase the economicvalue of palm oil is oleic acid esterification into oleic butyl known as plasticizers. Plasticizeradditives are compounds added to polymers to improve its flexibility and workabilitas. Thisstudy aims to study the effect of reaction time and molar ratio of the plasticizer synthesis oleicbutyl and identify the plasticizer oleic butyl. In this study, the first step is preparation H-Zeolitecatalyst, then synthesis of plasticizer butyl oleic esterification using natural zeolite catalystswere activated to H-zeolites with variables in the reaction time (6, 9 and 12 hours) and themolar ratio of oleic acid and butanol (1: 6, 1: 9 and 1:12) with the permanent variable stirringspeed of 200 rpm, 108-112 ° C of temperature and the catalyst were 15% oleic acid-based. Fromthe test results obtained 0.862 specific gravity, viscosity of 8.39 mPa and showed that thespecific gravity and viscosity of the resulting plasticizer has commercial plasticizer standardnamely 0.862 to 0.928 and from 8.2 to 9.4. Optimal operating conditions obtained in thisresearch is the molar ratio of 1:12, reaction time 12 hours resulted in a conversion reaction of76.73%.Keywords: Esterifikasi, H-zeolite, Oil, Plasticizer

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL FROM PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATE AND OLEIC ACID USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY APPROACH.

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
U, A. Maryam ◽  
G. A Maspalma ◽  
J. M Manu ◽  
M. B Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Fatty Acid Distillate

In this study, a mixed feed of Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD)/ oleic acid was used to produced biodiesel catalyzed by sulfonated carbon. The effect of three process variables i.e. methanol - to –PFAD/oleic acid molar ratio, catalyst loading and reaction time on the yield of biodiesel produced was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design (BBD). Optimum reaction conditions were obtained at 1:7 methanol- to-PFAD/oleic acid molar ratio, 15 wt.% catalyst loading and 5h reaction time. The predicted biodiesel yield was 96% under the optimal conditions. From the results obtained, it can be deduced that PFAD/ oleic acid has a high potential as an inedible feedstock to produce low cost biodiesel, and the method may be useful for industrial process optimization.

Oxidative Removal of Dibenzothiophene by H2O2 over Activated Carbon-Supported Phosphotungstic Acid Catalysts

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Xian Yu ◽  
Rui Xue Zhou ◽  
Ji Bing Li ◽  
Xiao Long Zhou ◽  
Cheng Lie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
N2 Adsorption ◽  
Oxidative Removal ◽  
Loading Amount ◽  
Model Oil ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on activated carbon (AC) combined with hydrogen peroxide formed an oxidative desulfurizaiton (ODS) system to oxidize sulfur-containing compounds in diesel fuel. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) dissolved in n-octane was selected as a model feedstock for studying this new ODS system. The HPW/AC catalysts were characterized with XRD, FTIR and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements. HPW was highly dispersed on the surface of carbon support. It was found that the DBT adsorption capacity decreased from 42 mg S/g to 33.13 mg S/g as HPW loading amount increased from 0 to 15 wt.%. Oxidative removal of DBT in the model oil significantly increased with increasing HPW loadings on the support from 0 to 10 wt.%. 100 % DBT was removed by using the catalysts with HPW content higher than 10 wt. %. At 80 °C, oxidative removal of DBT reached 100 % after 40 min of reaction when O/S molar ratio ranged from 4 to 10.

Catalytic Neutralization of Naphthenic Acid from Petroleum Crude Oil by Using Cerium Oxide Catalyst and 2- Methylimidazole in Polyethylene Glycol

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi ◽  
Norfakhriah Jelani ◽  
Ahmad Zamani Ab Halim ◽  
Nor Hakimin Abdullah ◽  
Nurasmat Mohd Shukri
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Naphthenic Acid ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

: The presence of relatively high naphthenic acid in crude oil may contribute to the major corrosion in oil pipelines and distillation units in crude oil refineries. Thus, high concentration Naphthenic Acids crude oil is considered tobe of low quality and is marketed at lower prices. In order to overcome this problem, neutralization method had been developed to reduce the TAN value in crude oil. In this study, crude oil from Petronas Penapisan Melaka was investigated. The parameters studied were reagent concentration, catalyst loading, calcination temperature and reusability of the potential catalyst. Basic chemical used were 2- methylimidazole in polyethylene glycol (PEG 600) with concentration 100, 500 and 1000 ppm. Cerium oxide-based catalysts supported onto alumina prepared with different calcination temperatures. The catalyst was characterized by using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetry Analysis-Differential Thermal Gravity (TGA-DTG) to study physical properties of the catalyst. The Ce/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 1000°C was the best catalyst due to larger surface area formation which lead to increment of active sites thus will boost the catalytic activity. The result showed that the Ce/Al2O3 catalyst meet Petronas requirement as the TAN value reduced to 0.6 mgKOH/g from original TAN value of 4.22 mgKOH/g. The best reduction of TAN was achieved by using catalyst loading of 0.39% and reagent of 1000 ppm.

Calcium Methoxide Synthesis from Quick Lime Using as Solid Catalyst in Refined Palm Oil Biodiesel Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warakom Suwanthai ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon ◽  
Pilanee Vaithanomsat
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Quick Lime ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Refined Palm Oil

In this research, calcium methoxide was synthesized as solid base catalyst from quick lime for biodiesel production. The catalyst was further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection fourier transform (ATR-FTIR) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies (EDX) to evaluate its performance. The transesterification of refined palm oil using calcium methoxide and the process parameters affecting the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content such as catalyst concentration, methanol:oil molar ratio and reaction time were investigated. The results showed that the FAME content at 97% was achieved within 3 h using 3 %wt catalyst loading, 12:1 methanol:oil molar ratio and 65 °C reaction temperature. The result of FAME suggested calcium methoxide was the promising solid catalyst for substitution of the conventional liquid catalyst.

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