scholarly journals MiRNAs in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Zhao-Nan Liu ◽  
Ying Jiang ◽  
Xuan-Qi Liu ◽  
Meng-Meng Yang ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Potential Function ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
Postpartum Outcomes

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication which is normally diagnosed in the second trimester of gestation. With an increasing incidence, GDM poses a significant threat to maternal and offspring health. Therefore, we need a deeper understanding of GDM pathophysiology and novel investigation on the diagnosis and treatment for GDM. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenic small noncoding RNAs with a length of approximately 19-24 nucleotides, have been reported to exert their function in gene expression by binding to proteins or being enclosed in membranous vesicles, such as exosomes. Studies have investigated the roles of miRNAs in the pathophysiological mechanism of GDM and their potential as noninvasive biological candidates for the management of GDM, including diagnosis and treatment. This review is aimed at summarizing the pathophysiological significance of miRNAs in GDM development and their potential function in GDM clinical diagnosis and therapeutic approach. In this review, we summarized an integrated expressional profile and the pathophysiological significance of placental exosomes and associated miRNAs, as well as other plasma miRNAs such as exo-AT. Furthermore, we also discussed the practical application of exosomes in GDM postpartum outcomes and the potential function of several miRNAs as therapeutic target in the GDM pathological pathway, thus providing a novel clinical insight of these biological signatures into GDM therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Developments in Diagnosis and Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Robert Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Carbohydrate Intolerance

After many years of uncertainty regarding the true pathological nature of mild gestational diabetes and the possible benefits of treatment, the situation appears to have been resolved by the publication of the Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS). It is now appropriate for obstetric units to review their treatment and screening programs for gestational diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, with the publication of the Metformin in Gestational Diabetes (MiG) trial, consideration should be given as to whether metformin should be the first choice when diet fails to maintain glycemic control.

Gestational diabetes mellitus: Prevention, diagnosis and treatment. A fresh look to a busy corner

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zito ◽  
L. Della Corte ◽  
P. Giampaolino ◽  
M. Terzic ◽  
S. Terzic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Nutritional Interventions

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication characterized by hyperglycaemia with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Risk factors include family history of diabetes, previous GDM, genetic predisposition for GDM/type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance conditions such as overweight, obesity and ethnicity. Women with GDM are at high risk for fetal macrosomia, small for gestational age, neonatal hypoglycaemia, operative delivery and caesarean delivery. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the most recent findings of diagnosis and treatment of GDM in order to underline the importance to promote adequate prevention of this disease, especially through lifestyle interventions such as diet and physical activity. METHODS: The research was conducted using the following electronic databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrial.gov, OVID and Cochrane Library, including all published randomized and non-randomized studies as well as narrative and systematic reviews. RESULTS: The lack of universally accepted criteria makes the definition of diagnosis and prognosis of this condition difficult. Early diagnosis and glucose blood level control may improve maternal and fetal short and long-term outcomes. Treatment strategies include nutritional interventions and exercise. Medical treatment can be necessary if these strategies are not effective. Moreover, novel non-pharmacologic agents such as myo-inositol seem to be effective and safe both in the prevention and the treatment of GDM. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to promote adequate prevention of GDM. Further studies are needed in order to better define the most appropriate strategies for the clinical management of women affected by GDM.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Updates and Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Guarino ◽  
Chiara Delli Poggi ◽  
Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco ◽  
Valeria Cenci ◽  
Elena Ceccarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
The Status

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of carbohydrate intolerance, with onset or first recognition during second or third trimester of gestation. It is estimated that approximately 7% of all pregnancies are complicated by GDM and that its prevalence is rising all over the world. Thus, the screening for abnormal glucose levels is generally recommended as a routine component of care for pregnant women. However, additional biomarkers are needed in order to predict the onset or accurately monitor the status of gestational diabetes. Recently, microRNAs, a class of small noncoding RNAs demonstrated to modulate gene expression, have been proven to be secreted by cells of origin and can be found in many biological fluids such as serum or plasma. Such feature renders microRNAs as optimal biomarkers and sensors of in situ tissue alterations. Furthermore, secretion of microRNAs via exosomes has been reported to contribute to tissue cross talk, thus potentially represents, if disrupted, a mechanistic cause of tissue/cell dysfunction in a specific disease. In this review, we summarized the recent findings on circulating microRNAs and gestational diabetes mellitus with particular focus on the potential use of microRNAs as putative biomarkers of disease as well as a potential cause of GDM complications and β cell dysfunction.

scholarly journals Myoinositol in the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Is It Sensible?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Sobota-Grzeszyk ◽  
Mariusz Kuźmicki ◽  
Jacek Szamatowicz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication that increasingly affects pregnant women. Due to the risk of adverse outcomes in the mother as well as in the fetus which is caused by GDM, appropriate diagnosis and treatment is very essential. Nevertheless, it is important to find new, effective ways of prevention of GDM to avoid side effects. A promising example of such an action may be supplementation of myoinositol. As shown in studies, myoinositol may reduce the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus by improving insulin sensitivity.

Relationship between environmental temperature and the diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus: An observational retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 140994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Molina-Vega ◽  
Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso ◽  
Araceli Muñoz-Garach ◽  
Fuensanta Lima-Rubio ◽  
Sonsoles Morcillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment
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