Impact of Tunnel Groups on Pupil Diameter of Drivers on Mountainous Freeway in China: A Real-World Driving Study

A real-world driving experiment was performed in the Wen-Ma section of the G4217 Rong-Chang Freeway situated in the Sichuan Province to investigate the impact law of the pupil diameter of drivers in tunnel groups on the mountainous freeway. The eye-movement data of drivers were collected, and the percentage of pupil diameter variable (PPDV) was used as a visual characteristic index. The analysis of the overall change in the PPDV of drivers in the experimental sections demonstrated that the PPDV in tunnel groups differed significantly between the nontunnel sections and single tunnel sections. Subsequently, a related model for the PPDV of drivers and the length of the connecting zone between tunnels was established, its reliability evaluated, and the smooth mutation value obtained on the basis of the mutation theory. Thereafter, a tunnel group definition standard based on the visual effect of drivers was developed. A six-zone approach was devised for the analysis of tunnel groups, and the result revealed that the different zones in the tunnel group have different impact on PPDV of drivers. The results revealed that the different zones of tunnel group have different impact on PPDV of drivers. Furthermore, lighting transition facilities should be set in the exit section of tunnel. The PPDV of drivers was negatively correlated with the length of the connecting zone of tunnel groups, and 100 m is the recommended safety length threshold for the connecting zone of tunnel groups.

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Inferring user tasks in pedestrian navigation from eye movement data in real-world environments

International Journal of Geographical Information Science ◽

10.1080/13658816.2018.1482554 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 739-763 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Hua Liao ◽

Weihua Dong ◽

Haosheng Huang ◽

Georg Gartner ◽

Huiping Liu

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Real World ◽

Pedestrian Navigation ◽

Movement Data ◽

User Tasks

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Verbal and Spatial Loading Effects on Eye Movements in Driving Simulators: A Comparison to Real World Driving

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193120204602615 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (26) ◽

pp. 2174-2178 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kim R. Hammel ◽

Donald L. Fisher ◽

Anuj K. Pradhan

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Real World ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Loading Conditions ◽

Eye Tracker ◽

Driving Simulators ◽

The Real ◽

Movement Data ◽

Loading Effects ◽

Functional Field Of View

Driving simulators and eye tracking technology are increasingly being used to evaluate advanced telematics. Many such evaluations are easily generalizable only if drivers' scanning in the virtual environment is similar to their scanning behavior in real world environments. In this study we developed a virtual driving environment designed to replicate the environmental conditions of a previous, real world experiment (Recarte & Nunes, 2000). Our motive was to compare the data collected under three different cognitive loading conditions in an advanced, fixed-base driving simulator with that collected in the real world. In the study that we report, a head mounted eye tracker recorded eye movement data while participants drove the virtual highway in half-mile segments. There were three loading conditions: no loading, verbal loading and spatial loading. Each of the 24 subjects drove in all three conditions. We found that the patterns that characterized eye movement data collected in the simulator were virtually identical to those that characterized eye movement data collected in the real world. In particular, the number of speedometer checks and the functional field of view significantly decreased in the verbal conditions, with even greater effects for the spatial loading conditions.

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The Fusion of Eye Movement and Piezoelectric Sensing Technology Assists Ceramic Art Process Optimization and Mechanical Characterization

Journal of Sensors ◽

10.1155/2021/9748335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Xiaoying Li ◽

Yanglin Zhou ◽

Yanling He

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Ceramic Product ◽

Objective Data ◽

Product Modeling ◽

Movement Data ◽

Data Support ◽

The Impact ◽

Product Industry

Ceramic product shape evaluation is an important part of product development, an important method to optimize product shape design, and is of great significance to reasonably locate users’ consumption psychology and promote the development of ceramic product industry. In this paper, we propose an eye-tracking-based evaluation method for ceramic products from the user’s point of view, in view of the fact that there are few studies on ceramic product shape evaluation, and it is mainly led by designers and enterprise leaders subjectively, with low user participation and lack of objective evaluation means and objective data support. In this paper, through the implementation of eye-movement experiments, we obtain and analyze the eye-movement data related to the semantic perception evaluation of product modeling and the overall evaluation of modeling, establish the mapping relationship between user evaluation and eye-movement data, and provide objective data support for modeling evaluation. This paper provides an objective data support for the styling evaluation. This paper provides new ideas for the ceramic product modeling evaluation method, which helps to promote the development of ceramic product industry, improve the brand recognition of enterprises, and help the marketing personnel to make reasonable marketing planning plans. For the semantic perceptual evaluation of ceramic product styling based on eye-tracking, the effectiveness of product styling design concept communication is evaluated. Ceramic products are constantly changing and developing, with new shapes appearing and old shapes being eliminated. Continual innovation and development of ceramics based on inherited traditions can give them a new look and color under the existing modeling style. Compared with other categories, although ceramic modeling has relatively abstract formal characteristics, but it is the extension of the modeling, still has obvious morphological characteristics, and the impact on people’s aesthetic mood.

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Research on Cognitive Effects of Narrative Rhetoric in Print Advertisement Based on Eye Movement

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202123605062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 236 ◽

pp. 05062

Author(s):

Yubo Li ◽

Gong Wang ◽

Quan Gan

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Pupil Diameter ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Cognitive Effects ◽

Movement Data ◽

Print Advertisement ◽

Narrative Rhetoric

This article uses eye movement experiments to study the cognitive effects of consumer groups on different narrative-quality advertisements. The experiment selects typical advertising cases, takes college students as subjects, and uses computers to track and analyze eye movement data. The experimental results show that the quality of narrative rhetoric directly affects the number of attention, duration, and pupil diameter of the subjects, and the subjects’ browsing time and memory of advertisements are positively related to the quality of narrative rhetoric of advertisements. Among them, in the Low-involvement/Thinking product advertisements, consumers' eye movement data for advertisements with better narrative quality is relatively more significant.

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Objects are Prioritized for Attention Based Upon Meaning During Active Scene Viewing

10.31234/osf.io/fqtvx ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Candace Elise Peacock ◽

Elizabeth Hall ◽

John M. Henderson

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Real World ◽

Scene Perception ◽

Attentional Selection ◽

Aesthetic Judgment ◽

Movement Data ◽

Scene Viewing

Although the physical salience of objects has previously been demonstrated to guide attention in real-world scene perception, it is unknown whether objects are also prioritized based on their meaning. To answer this question, we computed the average meaning and the average physical salience of objects in scenes. Using eye movement data from aesthetic judgment and memorization tasks, we then tested whether fixations are more likely to land on high-meaning objects than low-meaning objects while controlling for object salience. The results demonstrated that fixations are more likely to be directed to high meaning objects than low meaning objects regardless of object salience. Furthermore, the influence of object salience was progressively reduced as object meaning increased and was eliminated at the highest levels of meaning. Overall, these findings provide the first evidence that objects are prioritized by meaning for attentional selection during active scene viewing.

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Reading development at the text level: an investigation of surprisal and embedding-based text similarity effects on eye-movements in Chinese early readers

Journal of Eye Movement Research ◽

10.16910/jemr.13.6.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Xi Fan ◽

Ronan Reilly

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Reading Ability ◽

Similarity Measures ◽

Developmental Trajectory ◽

Text Similarity ◽

Early Readers ◽

Movement Data ◽

Reading Abilities ◽

Word Predictability ◽

The Impact

This paper describes the use of semantic similarity measures based on distributed representations of words, sentences, and paragraphs (so-called“embeddings”) to assess the impact of supra-lexical factors on eye movement data from early readers of Chinese. In addition, we used a corpus-based measure of surprisal to assess the impact of local word predictability. Eye movement data from 56 Chinese students were collected (a) in the students’ 4th grade and (b) one year later while they were in 5th grade. Results indicated that surprisal and some text similarity measures have a significant impact on the moment-to-moment processing of words in reading. The paper presents an easy-to-use set of tools for linking the low-level aspects of fixation durations to a hierarchy of sentence-level and paragraph-level features that can be computed automatically. The study is the first attempt, as far as we are aware, to track the developmental trajectory of these influences in developing readers across a range of reading abilities. The similarity-based measures described here can be used (a) to provide a measure of reader sensitivity to sentence and paragraph cohesion and (b) to assess specific texts for their suitability for readers of different reading ability levels.

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Recognition of Different Modes of Human Thinking during Processing Visual Images of Histograms and Scenes

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.1328 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 333-335 ◽

pp. 1328-1331

Author(s):

Mi Li ◽

Sheng Fu Lu ◽

Xue Tan ◽

Yu Zhou ◽

Ning Zhong

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Pupil Diameter ◽

Visual Images ◽

Support Vector ◽

Classification Methods ◽

Classification Analysis ◽

Svm Classification ◽

Movement Data ◽

Human Thinking

To investigate the different modes of human thinking, we designed an eye tracking experiment during people recognized two category images of histograms and scenes, and used the support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm to classify these eye movement data. The results of statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in saccade distance and pupil diameter between these two category images. By the feature selection, normalization of data preprocessing, and SVM classification, the results of classification analysis showed that there was a better performance on the classification of the histograms and scenes. These results suggest we can identify the modes of human thinking through the SVM classification methods based on the eye movement data.

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Age Differences in Eye Movements During Reading: Degenerative Problems or Compensatory Strategy?

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000344 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 297-311

Author(s):

José David Moreno ◽

José A. León ◽

Lorena A. M. Arnal ◽

Juan Botella

Keyword(s):

Eye Movements ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Aging Effects ◽

Movement Data ◽

Sentence Reading ◽

The Difference ◽

Eye Movements During Reading

Abstract. We report the results of a meta-analysis of 22 experiments comparing the eye movement data obtained from young ( Mage = 21 years) and old ( Mage = 73 years) readers. The data included six eye movement measures (mean gaze duration, mean fixation duration, total sentence reading time, mean number of fixations, mean number of regressions, and mean length of progressive saccade eye movements). Estimates were obtained of the typified mean difference, d, between the age groups in all six measures. The results showed positive combined effect size estimates in favor of the young adult group (between 0.54 and 3.66 in all measures), although the difference for the mean number of fixations was not significant. Young adults make in a systematic way, shorter gazes, fewer regressions, and shorter saccadic movements during reading than older adults, and they also read faster. The meta-analysis results confirm statistically the most common patterns observed in previous research; therefore, eye movements seem to be a useful tool to measure behavioral changes due to the aging process. Moreover, these results do not allow us to discard either of the two main hypotheses assessed for explaining the observed aging effects, namely neural degenerative problems and the adoption of compensatory strategies.

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