Architecture for Music : Sonorous Spaces in Sacred Buildings in Renaissance and Baroque Rome

Architectural spaces are usually considered only in their visual and threedimensional character. However, the proper experience of space is multisensory. Sonority is undoubtedly the non-visual characteristic that most affects architecture, influencing its three-dimensional shape, and the size and distribution of its individual parts. Early modern sacred architecture is a case in point. Focusing on Rome and the development of architecture in relation to musical practices, this article demonstrates how architectural forms evolved through a process that ranged from provisional installations to the design of entirely new churches and oratories. In the Baroque period, these religious structures were conceived as synaesthetic spaces of sonority and architecture, in which vision, hearing and liturgical acts merged in an expressive unity.

Coupling Friction with Visual Appearance

We present a novel meso-scale model for computing anisotropic and asymmetric friction for contacts in rigid body simulations that is based on surface facet orientations. The main idea behind our approach is to compute a direction dependent friction coefficient that is determined by an object's roughness. Specifically, where the friction is dependent on asperity interlocking, but at a scale where surface roughness is also a visual characteristic of the surface. A GPU rendering pipeline is employed to rasterize surfaces using a shallow depth orthographic projection at each contact point in order to sample facet normal information from both surfaces, which we then combine to produce direction dependent friction coefficients that can be directly used in typical LCP contact solvers, such as the projected Gauss-Seidel method. We demonstrate our approach with a variety of rough textures, where the roughness is both visible in the rendering and in the motion produced by the physical simulation.

Impact of Tunnel Groups on Pupil Diameter of Drivers on Mountainous Freeway in China: A Real-World Driving Study

A real-world driving experiment was performed in the Wen-Ma section of the G4217 Rong-Chang Freeway situated in the Sichuan Province to investigate the impact law of the pupil diameter of drivers in tunnel groups on the mountainous freeway. The eye-movement data of drivers were collected, and the percentage of pupil diameter variable (PPDV) was used as a visual characteristic index. The analysis of the overall change in the PPDV of drivers in the experimental sections demonstrated that the PPDV in tunnel groups differed significantly between the nontunnel sections and single tunnel sections. Subsequently, a related model for the PPDV of drivers and the length of the connecting zone between tunnels was established, its reliability evaluated, and the smooth mutation value obtained on the basis of the mutation theory. Thereafter, a tunnel group definition standard based on the visual effect of drivers was developed. A six-zone approach was devised for the analysis of tunnel groups, and the result revealed that the different zones in the tunnel group have different impact on PPDV of drivers. The results revealed that the different zones of tunnel group have different impact on PPDV of drivers. Furthermore, lighting transition facilities should be set in the exit section of tunnel. The PPDV of drivers was negatively correlated with the length of the connecting zone of tunnel groups, and 100 m is the recommended safety length threshold for the connecting zone of tunnel groups.

Qualitative analysis of visual risk communication on twitter during the Covid-19 pandemic

Background The Covid-19 pandemic is characterized by uncertainty and constant change, forcing governments and health authorities to ramp up risk communication efforts. Consequently, visuality and social media platforms like Twitter have come to play a vital role in disseminating prevention messages widely. Yet to date, only little is known about what characterizes visual risk communication during the Covid-19 pandemic. To address this gap in the literature, this study’s objective was to determine how visual risk communication was used on Twitter to promote the World Health Organisations (WHO) recommended preventative behaviours and how this communication changed over time. Methods We sourced Twitter’s 500 most retweeted Covid-19 messages for each month from January–October 2020 using Crowdbreaks. For inclusion, tweets had to have visuals, be in English, come from verified accounts, and contain one of the keywords ‘covid19’, ‘coronavirus’, ‘corona’, or ‘covid’. Following a retrospective approach, we then performed a qualitative content analysis of the 616 tweets meeting inclusion criteria. Results Our results show communication dynamics changed over the course of the pandemic. At the start, most retweeted preventative messages came from the media and health and government institutions, but overall, personal accounts with many followers (51.3%) predominated, and their tweets had the highest spread (10.0%, i.e., retweet count divided by followers). Messages used mostly photographs and images were found to be rich with information. 78.1% of Tweets contained 1–2 preventative messages, whereby ‘stay home’ and ‘wear a mask’ frequented most. Although more tweets used health loss framing, health gain messages spread more. Conclusion Our findings can inform the didactics of future crisis communication. The results underscore the value of engaging individuals, particularly influencers, as advocates to spread health risk messages and promote solidarity. Further, our findings on the visual characteristic of the most retweeted tweets highlight factors that health and government organisations should consider when creating visual health messages for Twitter. However, that more tweets used the emotive medium of photographs often combined with health loss framing raises concerns about persuasive tactics. More research is needed to understand the implications of framing and its impact on public perceptions and behaviours.

Rose Wine Market: Anything but Colour?

In many countries, the consumption of still wine is in strong decline. The market for rose wine, however, stands in stark contrast to this trend, seeing worldwide growth of almost 30% over the last 15 years. For most observers/experts, product colour plays an important role in this paradigm shift. For this reason, companies’ marketing efforts often focus on this purely visual characteristic. There is, however, no certainty that other emerging consumer demands, related to environmental concerns or how “natural” a wine is (organic wines, natural wines, etc.), do not also play a role in the enthusiasm seen in new wine consumers. This article proposes an assessment of expectations related to colour and the decisions made by rose wine consumers, using two complementary experiments carried out in France. The first experiment is based on an online survey studying only consumers’ colour preferences. We will show that, contrary to popular belief, there is no consensus on this criterion, although regional trends can be identified. Typically, the “salmon” shade, which is generally the leader on the global market—and characteristic of Provence wines—does not win unanimous support across all regions. In contrast, an “apricot” shade seems to be preferred by consumers in the Bordeaux region. The second experiment confirms this result within the framework of an experimental market revealing consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP). This market also offers consumers the opportunity to taste wines and provides information on organic certification and “naturalness” (symbolised by the absence of added sulphites). We will then demonstrate how the latter criteria, although often popular, play only a small role—compared with colour—in consumer decisions. We will conclude this article with observations on the atypical nature of the rose wine market and on possible avenues for further research related to the emotional role colour plays in wine tasting and its possible specificity in the world of food and drink products.

Perceptual integration and the composite face effect

The composite face paradigm is widely used to investigate holistic perception of faces. In the paradigm, parts from different faces (usually the top and bottom halves) are recombined. The principal criterion for holistic perception is that responses involving the component parts of composites in which the parts are aligned into a face-like configuration are disrupted compared with the same parts in a misaligned (not face-like) format. This is often taken as evidence that seeing a whole face in the aligned condition interferes with perceiving its separate parts, but the extent to which the effect is perceptually driven remains unclear. We used salient perceptual categories of gender (male or female) and race (Asian or Caucasian appearance) to create composite stimuli from parts of faces that varied orthogonally on these characteristics. In Experiment 1, participants categorised the gender of the parts of aligned composite and misaligned images created from parts with the same (congruent) or different (incongruent) gender and the same (congruent) or different (incongruent) race. In Experiment 2, the same stimuli were used but the task changed to categorising race. In both experiments, there was a strong influence of the task-relevant manipulation on the composite effect, with slower responses to aligned stimuli with incongruent gender in Experiment 1 and incongruent race in Experiment 2. In contrast, the task-irrelevant variable (race in Experiment 1, gender in Experiment 2) did not exert much influence on the composite effect in either experiment. These findings show that although holistic integration of salient visual properties makes a strong contribution to the composite face effect, it clearly also involves targeted processing of an attended visual characteristic.

ART INTERVENTION IN THE SUB-URBAN AREA VISUAL CHARACTERISTIC

Indonesia Art Institute of Yogyakarta is one of well- known art college in Indonesia. This institution has graduated many Indonesian famous artists. Located at Sewon, Bantul, this institution has a significant effect on the suburban area development of the institution surrounding area. The art atmosphere of surrounding area shaped by Art-activities that happened there. Many formal or informal artspace also located there stimulate the activities to become intense and sustain. Beside that One thing that enriching the art atmosphere is mural drawing that done in private properties in the public spaces. The mural drawing spreading around the suburban area surrounding the college building. 20 mural has been recorded only in one village, and its enrich the visual aspect of the sub-urban area and beautifully blending to the suburban area. The mural draws also expresses a message for people who have seen it as a sightseeing object and makes the suburban area as a public artwork gallery. This research aims to know the factors how the mural drawing can be blend to the area and strengthen the place identity of the area by knowing the relationship between mural drawing and where it is made. Observation has been done in the sub-urban area surrounding the Indonesia art institute of Yogyakarta. The concept of the mural is contextual to the site. Its usually represent the social or environmental issue that happens there. The space and sensitivity of selection the mural drawing theme not only make the artwork blended naturally with the area but improve place-identity of the area. Furthermore the phenomena have potential to be a theme of this suburban area development.

Typeface Reveals Spatial Economical Patterns

Understanding the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of an urban region is vital for policy-making, urban management, and urban planning. Auditing socioeconomic and demographic patterns traditionally entails producing a large portion of data by human-participant surveys, which are usually costly and time consuming. Even with newly developed computational methods, amenity characteristics such as typeface, color, and graphic element choices are still missing at the city scale. However, they have a huge impact on personalized preferences. Currently, researchers tend to use large-scale street view imagery to uncover physical and socioeconomic patterns. In this research, we first propose a framework that uses deep convolutional neural network to recognize the typeface from street view imagery in London. Second, we analyze the relationship between 11 typefaces and the average household income in 77 wards of London. The result show that the typefaces used in the neighborhood are highly correlated with economic and demographic factors. Typeface could be an alternative metric to evaluate economic and demographic status in large-scale urban regions. More generally, typeface can also act as a key visual characteristic of a city.