scholarly journals Electrochemical Deposition of U and RE Elements Using the Stirred Liquid Cadmium Cathode in LiCl-KCl Molten Salts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gha-Young Kim ◽  
Chang Hwa Lee ◽  
Dalsung Yoon ◽  
Junhyuk Jang ◽  
Sung-Jai Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Dendrite Formation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Re Elements

This study was conducted in an attempt to understand the effect of a stirred liquid cadmium cathode (LCC) on the electrodeposition of U and U/RE on Cd. For this purpose, a series of electrowinning tests were performed using an LCC equipped with a Cd stirrer. Initially, three runs of the U electrodeposition tests were conducted using LiCl-KCl-UCl3 at 500°C under a constant current. From the results obtained from the initial three runs, it was found that the maximum deposited amount of U was 7.4 wt% U/Cd. U dendrite formation on the LCC crucible was not observed across each of the three runs. Three additional runs were conducted using LiCl-KCl-UCl3-RECl3 to determine the extent of U/RE electrodeposition. The maximum number of moles of U + RE metals deposited was 0.07, a value estimated to be 2.14 times higher than the solubility limits exhibited by these metals in Cd. The results of this study show that the use of a Cd stirrer significantly improves the extent of U deposition.

The initiation of nerve impulses by mesenteric Pacinian corpuscles

1950 ◽  
Vol 137 (886) ◽  
pp. 96-114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conditioning Stimulus ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Pacinian Corpuscles ◽  
Nerve Impulses ◽  
A Value ◽  
Test Shock ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Refractory State

A preparation of a single Pacinian corpuscle in the cat’s mesentery has been used to study the initiation of nerve impulses in sensory endings. The minimum movement of a mechanical stimulator required to excite a single corpuscle has been found to be 0⋅5 μ in 100 μ sec. It has been difficult to produce repetitive discharges with rectangular pulses of long duration, either mechanical or of constant current. The latency between a mechanical stimulus and the initiation of an impulse has a value around 1⋅5 msec, for threshold stimuli, and this decreases to a minimum value around 0⋅5 msec, as the stimulus is increased; it is altered only slightly, if at all, by changes in the duration of the maintained displacement of the mechanical stimulator. Subthreshold mechanical stimuli have been shown to facilitate stimulation by electrical test shocks. The return of excitability at the ending is independent of the nature of the conditioning stimulus and varies but little with the nature of the test shock. The value of the latency at threshold is unaffected by the relatively refractory state. The relations of these results to various hypotheses are discussed, and it is suggested that these results can all be accounted for in terms of the known properties of axons.

Study on Special Morphology Hydroxyapatite Bioactive Coating by Electrochemical Deposition

2013 ◽  
Vol 537 ◽  
pp. 256-260
Author(s):  
Cai Ge Gu ◽  
Qian Gang Fu ◽  
He Jun Li ◽  
Jin Hua Lu ◽  
Lei Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Constant Current Density ◽  
Depth Direction ◽  
Special Morphology ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Coatings ◽  
Coating Weight

Bioactive calcium phosphate coatings were deposited on carbon/carbon（C/C） composites using electrochemical deposition technique. The effects of electrolyte concentration and constant current density on morphology, structure and composition of the coating were systematically investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show that, the coating weight elevated gradually with the increase of electrolyte concentration, and the morphology of coatings changed from spherical particles to nanolamellar crystals with interlocking structure initially. Then the coating transformed into seaweed-like and nano/micro-sized crystals along the depth direction of the coating. The coatings showed seaweed-like morphology as the deposition current density was less than 20mA. With the less current density, the coating became more homogenous. However, the coating was fiakiness crysal, with needlike crystal stacked upside as the current density reached to 20mA/cm2. The coating weight was improved gradually when the current density increased from 2.5mA/cm2 to 10mA/cm2, then reduced with the increasing current density in the range of 10 to 20mA/cm2.

Characterizations of ZnS/CuInS2 Film Fabricated by Electrochemical Deposition Process for Solar Cell Devices

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yih-Min Yeh ◽  
Hsiang Chen ◽  
Chuan Hao Liao ◽  
Ching Bang Chen ◽  
Bin Yi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Thin Film Solar Cells ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulfur Atmosphere ◽  
Surface Morphologies ◽  
Zns Films

In this study, CuInS2 (CIS) films were fabricated by a two-step, non-vacuum process. Electrochemical deposition (ECD) was first used to prepare Cu-In precursors on Mo substrate under constant current. Then, CuInS2 films were prepared by sulfurization of the Cu-In precursors in sulfur atmosphere. The surface morphologies, compositions, and transmittance of the CuInS2 and ZnS films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and UV-VIS, respectively. The results show that a high-quality CIS thin film solar cells by low-cost, non-vacuum process could be obtained.

ZnO thin films epitaxially grown by electrochemical deposition method with constant current

2008 ◽  
Vol 517 (4) ◽  
pp. 1461-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Ashida ◽  
Akio Fujita ◽  
Yonggu Shim ◽  
Kazuki Wakita ◽  
Atsushi Nakahira
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Zno Thin Films ◽  
Deposition Method ◽  
Electrochemical Deposition Method

Electrodepositing Ir Film at Constant Current in NaCl-KCl Molten Salts

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 1834-1837
Author(s):  
Jian Gang Qian ◽  
Hai Ting Li ◽  
Peng Rui Li ◽  
Tian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectroscope ◽  
Molten Salt System ◽  
Deposition Current Density

In this study, the dense and well-integrated Ir films were electrodeposited on Pt substrate at a constant current process in the NaCl-KCl molten salt system containing IrCl3. The morphology and constitution of the Ir films at different process conditions were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. The results showed that IrCl3 concentration had significantly influenced the surface morphology of the Ir film. The particles of the deposition film surface became lager with increasing the fraction of IrCl3 and gradually decreased with increasing the temperature. However, the film quality decreased due to the formation of some tiny holes when further increasing the temperature. The particle size decreased gradually with the increase of deposition current density. The addition of CsCl could not only reduce the molten salt temperature but also increase the deposition rate of Ir.

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