Enterprise Production and Emission Reduction Strategy under Carbon Emission Constraint

According to China’s 14th Five-Year Development Plan, China aims to peak its carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutral by 2060, which will be a major strategy for China to implement in the coming period of time. All kinds of industries need to take the industry characteristics into account and gradually form relative carbon reduction targets according to the National Carbon Summit Action Program. Under the constraints of carbon emission reduction, enterprises face trade-off when making emission reduction decisions. How to systematically optimize the profitable and environmentally friendly decisions, under the consideration of carbon emission production, is gradually becoming a main concern of regulated enterprises. In this paper, a Cournot game model is constructed to explore optimal production carbon abatement decisions for two oligopolistic firms, under the governance of a cap-and-trade mechanism. Real case data collected from China’s airlines is an example to test the validity of our model. The qualitative analysis shows that, through a reasonable output and emission reduction investment, companies are capable of efficiently minimizing the negative impact brought about by the carbon trading system. A numerical experiment indicates that the companies on one side can reach a decision equilibrium in some circumstances, but on the other side, there exists a lack of incentive to reduce their emissions. Additional government incentives or increased investment in technological improvements will be needed to encourage companies to further reduce carbon emissions. In this paper, while analyzing the choice of emission reduction strategy for enterprises under the carbon trading system, it also provides effective emission reduction approaches for the government and industry managers, hoping to provide some references for the establishment of emission reduction system and policy formulation.

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Carbon Emission Estimation of Assembled Composite Concrete Beams during Construction

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14071810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1810

Author(s):

Kaitong Xu ◽

Haibo Kang ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Ping Jiang ◽

Na Li

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Composite Beams ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Construction Process ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Carbon Emission Reduction ◽

The Government

At present, the issue of carbon emissions from buildings has become a hot topic, and carbon emission reduction is also becoming a political and economic contest for countries. As a result, the government and researchers have gradually begun to attach great importance to the industrialization of low-carbon and energy-saving buildings. The rise of prefabricated buildings has promoted a major transformation of the construction methods in the construction industry, which is conducive to reducing the consumption of resources and energy, and of great significance in promoting the low-carbon emission reduction of industrial buildings. This article mainly studies the calculation model for carbon emissions of the three-stage life cycle of component production, logistics transportation, and on-site installation in the whole construction process of composite beams for prefabricated buildings. The construction of CG-2 composite beams in Fujian province, China, was taken as the example. Based on the life cycle assessment method, carbon emissions from the actual construction process of composite beams were evaluated, and that generated by the composite beam components during the transportation stage by using diesel, gasoline, and electric energy consumption methods were compared in detail. The results show that (1) the carbon emissions generated by composite beams during the production stage were relatively high, accounting for 80.8% of the total carbon emissions, while during the transport stage and installation stage, they only accounted for 7.6% and 11.6%, respectively; and (2) during the transportation stage with three different energy-consuming trucks, the carbon emissions from diesel fuel trucks were higher, reaching 186.05 kg, followed by gasoline trucks, which generated about 115.68 kg; electric trucks produced the lowest, only 12.24 kg.

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Optimal Decisions for Two Risk-Averse Competitive Manufacturers under the Cap-and-Trade Policy and Uncertain Demand

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17031010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 1010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hongxia Sun ◽

Jie Yang ◽

Yang Zhong

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Risk Averse ◽

Cap And Trade ◽

Carbon Emission Reduction ◽

Optimal Decisions ◽

The Government

With the increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution, reducing carbon emissions has become an urgent task for all countries. The cap-and-trade (C&T) policy has gained international recognition and has been adopted by several countries. In this paper, considering the uncertainty of market demand, we discuss the carbon emission reduction and price policies of two risk-averse competitive manufacturers under the C&T policy. The two manufacturers have two competitive behaviors: simultaneous decision making and sequential decision making. Two models were constructed for these behaviors. The optimal decisions, carbon emission reduction rate, and price were obtained from these two models. Furthermore, in this paper the effects of some key parameters on the optimal decision are discussed, and some managerial insights are obtained. The results show that the lower the manufacturers’ risk aversion level is, the higher their carbon emission reduction rate and utilities. As the carbon quota increases, the manufacturers’ optimal carbon reduction rate and utilities increase. Considering consumers’ environmental awareness, it is more beneficial for the government to reduce the carbon quota and motivate manufacturers’ internal enthusiasm for emission reduction. The government can, through macro control of the market, make carbon trading prices increase appropriately and encourage manufacturers to reduce carbon emissions.

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The Spatiotemporal Evolution Pattern and Influential Factor of Regional Carbon Emission Convergence in China

Advances in Meteorology ◽

10.1155/2020/4361570 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xin Tong

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽

Reduction Strategy ◽

Emission Level ◽

Evolution Pattern ◽

Convergence Model

As economic development rapidly progresses in China, a method of carbon emission control that provides reasonable solutions is needed. This paper analyzes the convergence of carbon emission evolutionary characteristics in different regions of China and studies the dynamics of carbon emissions in China based on a convergence model. It was found that the carbon emission levels of each region are prominent in terms of time, and the regional carbon emission level has absolute β characteristics. The regional carbon emission condition β convergences have different convergence paths. Therefore, it is necessary to justify carbon emission reduction in China and put forward an emission reduction strategy.

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Carbon Emission Reduction Strategy for Energy Users in China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12166498 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 6498 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fuquan Zhao ◽

Feiqi Liu ◽

Han Hao ◽

Zongwei Liu

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Current Status ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Carbon Trading ◽

Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽

Carbon Emission Reduction ◽

The Cost

The Chinese government has made a commitment to control carbon emissions, and the deployment of renewable energy power generation is considered as an effective solution. In recent years, great effort has been exerted to support the development of renewable energy in China. While, due to fiscal pressures and changes in management policies, related subsidies are diminishing now and energy users are asked to pay for the cost. Regulations about carbon cap and renewable energy consumptions are issued to transfer the responsibility of consuming renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions to energy consumers. A national carbon trading system is set up in China and is under its growth stage. Therefore, this study lists the factors that should be considered by the energy users, analyzes the levelized cost of electricity generated by renewable energy in four cities in China, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, and compares the results with current carbon prices. Based on the research, under the current status, it is still more cost-efficient for enterprises to buy carbon credits than introduce renewable energies, and great differences among cities are shown due to different natural conditions. Besides, with diminishing subsidies and development of the carbon trading market, the carbon price will gradually reflect the actual value and carbon emission reduction costs will become an important part of enterprise expenditure. In the long term, enterprises should link more factors to carbon emissions, like social responsibility and brand image, instead of only the cost.

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How to Allocate Carbon Emission Permits Among China’s Industrial Sectors Under the Constraint of Carbon Intensity?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11030914 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 914 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jianguo Zhou ◽

Yushuo Li ◽

Xuejing Huo ◽

Xiaolei Xu

Keyword(s):

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Abatement Cost ◽

Carbon Intensity ◽

Carbon Trading ◽

Emission Permits ◽

Carbon Abatement ◽

Industrial Sectors ◽

Ferrous Metals

With the official launch of China’s national unified carbon trading system (ETS) in 2017, it has played an increasingly important role in controlling the growth of carbon dioxide emissions. One of the core issues in carbon trading is the allocation of initial carbon emissions permits. Since the industry emits the largest amount of carbon dioxide in China, a study on the allocation of carbon emission permits among China’s industrial sectors is necessary to promote industry carbon abatement efficiency. In this study, industrial carbon emissions permits are allocated to 37 sub-sectors of China to reach the emission reduction target of 2030 considering the carbon marginal abatement cost, carbon abatement responsibility, carbon abatement potential, and carbon abatement capacity. A hybrid approach that integrates data envelop analysis (DEA), the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed to allocate carbon emission permits. The results of this study are as follows: First, under the constraint of carbon intensity, the carbon emission permits of the total industry in 2030 will be 8792 Mt with an average growth rate of 3.27%, which is 1.57 times higher than that in 2016. Second, the results of the carbon marginal abatement costs show that light industrial sectors and high-tech industrial sectors have a higher abatement cost, while energy-intensive heavy chemical industries have a lower abatement cost. Third, based on the allocation results, there are six industrial sub-sectors that have obtained major carbon emission permits, including the smelting and pressing of ferrous metals (S24), manufacturing of raw chemical materials and chemical products (S18), manufacturing of non-metallic mineral products (S23), smelting and pressing of non-ferrous metals (S25), production and supply of electric power and heat power (S35), and the processing of petroleum, coking, and processing of nuclear fuel (S19), accounting for 69.23% of the total carbon emissions permits. Furthermore, the study also classifies 37 industrial sectors to explore the emission reduction paths, and proposes corresponding policy recommendations for different categories.

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Research on Carbon Emission Reduction Effect of China's Carbon Trading Pilot

Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal ◽

10.14738/assrj.75.8233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 240-250

Author(s):

Linshan Wang ◽

Chuanming Liu ◽

Xi Yang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Industrial Structure ◽

Government Support ◽

Carbon Trading ◽

Carbon Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emissions Trading ◽

Emission Rights ◽

Development Levels

Carbon emissions trading is one of the important ways to reduce carbon emissions by giving CO2 emission rights a commodity attribute that allows them to trade on the market and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the market mechanisms. Based on the inter-provincial panel data from 1997 to 2016, this paper constructs a basic theoretical analysis framework to analyze the carbon emission reduction effects of carbon trading policies, adopts PSM-DID to study the carbon emission reduction effects of carbon trading pilots. This study finds that: (1) The implementation of the carbon trading pilot can promote carbon emission reduction, but the pilot provinces and municipalities have different economic development levels, industrial structure and supporting measures adopted after the implementation of the carbon trading pilot policy, resulting in differences in carbon emission reduction effects between pilot provinces. (2) For the seller of carbon emission rights, carbon emission reduction is achieved through three effects of "market return-inducing", "technical innovation incentive" and "government support"; for the buyer, carbon emission reduction is achieved through three effects of "enterprise cost pressure", "process innovation motivation" and "market guiding". (4) The results of traditional PSM-DID further prove that the carbon trading pilot can significantly reduce CO2 emissions.

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Emission Reduction and Economic Impacts of us Carbon Tariffs on China: Based on CGE Model Analysis

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1370 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 291-294 ◽

pp. 1370-1374

Author(s):

Hao Luan ◽

Jun Yang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Dynamic Method ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Trade Diversion ◽

Cge Model ◽

Embodied Carbon ◽

Global Carbon ◽

China’S Economy

Based on GTAP-E model, a recursive dynamic method is adopted to analyze emission reduction and economic impact of carbon tariffs levied by US on China’s economy and the effects on carbon emission. The results show that China's macroeconomic would suffer a lot. The export of sectors with high embodied carbon emission would decrease significantly. While for sectors with low embodied carbon emission although some of them have high dependence on US, the negative impact on their export would be lower due to trade diversion to other regions. While the implementation of carbon tariffs could reduce global carbon emissions, the effects are quite limited.

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The Impact and Influencing Path of the Pilot Carbon Emission Trading market——Evidence From China

Frontiers in Environmental Science ◽

10.3389/fenvs.2021.787655 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Wangzi Xu

Keyword(s):

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Emission Trading ◽

Carbon Market ◽

Carbon Trading ◽

Carbon Emission Reduction ◽

The World ◽

Carbon Emission Trading ◽

The Impact

As the country with the largest CO2 emissions in the world, the Chinese government has put forward clear goals of hitting peak carbon emissions by 2030 and carbon neutralization by 2060. Thus, China started piloting carbon emission trading in 2013, and in July 2021 China opened national carbon trading, which is the largest carbon market in the world (China Launches World, 2021). Therefore, it is very important for China to study the role and mechanism of carbon trading at present. Based on the quasi-natural experiment of China’s carbon market pilot, this paper uses panel data of 30 provinces in mainland China from 2008 to 2019 to conduct an empirical study on carbon emission reduction and the economic effects in China’s pilot provinces through a Time-varying Differences-in-Differences method model. The results show that the implementation of a carbon trading policy can significantly inhibit carbon emissions and promote economic growth. At the same time, this paper further analyzes the emission reduction mechanism of the carbon emissions trading policy through the intermediary effect test and finds that the policy mainly realizes carbon emission reduction by changing the energy consumption structure, promoting low-carbon innovation, and upgrading the industrial structure. In addition, innovative research has found the impact of a carbon price signal and marketization on the emission reduction effect of the carbon market. Finally, targeted suggestions are put forward.

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COMPARISON OF EFFICIENCY AND CARBON EMISSIONS OF FILAMENT ELECTRIC STOVES AND INDUCTION ELECTRIC STOVES

JURNAL NEUTRINO ◽

10.18860/neu.v14i1.13008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 12-19

Author(s):

Yuant Tiandho ◽

Fitri Afriani

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Sustainability ◽

Carbon Emission Reduction ◽

The Republic ◽

The Government

Issues related to energy sustainability and carbon emission reduction are continuously being concerned by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Various efforts and programs have been launched to achieve targets of the related issues. As known that energy use for cooking by the household is continuously increasing in relation to population growth that will of course increase in energy need which relates to the sustainability of presence energy and carbon emission. Accordingly, the LPG stove conversion program to an electric stove was introduced in order to achieve the target to solve such issues. This paper compared of efficiency and carbon emissions of both electric filament stoves and induction stoves. The result indicated that the induction stove has better efficiency compared with the electric stove. The study also was proved that the carbon emissions for both types of stoves were relatively low in comparison with LPG stoves. However, the enormous operational power of the induction stove is still a challenge that must be resolved to achieve the target of energy sustainability in Indonesia.

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The Study of the Impact of Carbon Finance Effect on Carbon Emissions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region—Based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Decomposition Analysis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11051465 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1465 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Li Li ◽

Di Liu ◽

Jian Hou ◽

Dandan Xu ◽

Wenbo Chao

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Carbon Trading ◽

Logarithmic Mean ◽

Carbon Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Finance ◽

The Impact

The negative effects of global warming are becoming more and more serious. The fundamental way to prevent global warming is by reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Achieving this has become a key concern for all countries. The logarithmic mean divisia index model was constructed to decompose the total carbon emission increment. Carbon finance effect was divided into green credit effect and carbon trading effect to analyze the impact of carbon finance on carbon emissions. The results showed that the total carbon emission reduction value caused by green credit effect from 2010 to 2016 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was 66193.96 million tons, and the added value of carbon emission caused by carbon trading effect was 80266.68 million tons. There are regional differences in the effects of carbon finance on carbon emissions in these regions. It can be concluded that to a certain extent, green credit can reduce carbon emissions, and carbon trading can increase carbon emissions. Using the gradual expansion of carbon finance trading and market mechanism of carbon finance to solve the problem of carbon emission can improve the efficiency of carbon emission reduction.

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