scholarly journals Dynamic Optimal Pricing of Ridesharing Platforms under Network Externalities with Stochastic Demand

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Wenjie Wang ◽  
Lei Xie
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Network Externalities ◽  
Stochastic Demand ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Declining Demand ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Demand Scenario ◽  
Uncertain Supply

Ridesharing two-sided platforms link the stochastic demand side and the self-scheduling capacity supply side where there are network externalities. The main purpose of this paper is to establish the optimal pricing model of ridesharing platforms to dynamically coordinate uncertain supply and stochastic demand with network externalities in order to maximize platforms’ revenue and social welfare. We propose dynamic pricing strategies under two demand scenarios that minimize order loss in the surge demand period and maximize social welfare in the declining demand period. The numerical simulation results show that dynamic pricing strategies could stimulate the supply to reduce delayed orders in the surge demand scenario and adjust the demand to maximize social welfare under declining demand scenario. Additionally, we further find that the direct network externalities positively influence the platforms’ revenue, and the indirect network externalities have a negative effect on social welfare in the declining demand scenario, and a higher wage ratio cannot enhance the platforms’ revenue.

scholarly journals Pricing Strategies of Logistics Distribution Services for Perishable Commodities

Algorithms ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Taoying Li
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
Logistics Service ◽  
Distribution Services ◽  
Perishable Goods

The problem of pricing distribution services is challenging due to the loss in value of product during its distribution process. Four logistics service pricing strategies are constructed in this study, including fixed pricing model, fixed pricing model with time constraints, dynamic pricing model, and dynamic pricing model with time constraints in combination with factors, such as the distribution time, customer satisfaction, optimal pricing, etc. By analyzing the relationship between optimal pricing and key parameters (such as the value of the decay index, the satisfaction of consumers, dispatch time, and the storage cost of the commodity), it is found that the larger the value of the attenuation coefficient, the easier the perishable goods become spoilage, which leads to lower distribution prices and impacts consumer satisfaction. Moreover, the analysis of the average profit of the logistics service providers in these four pricing models shows that the average profit in the dynamic pricing model with time constraints is better. Finally, a numerical experiment is given to support the findings.

OPTIMAL PRICING AND PRODUCTION POLICIES OF A MAKE-TO-STOCK SYSTEM WITH FLUCTUATING DEMAND

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Gayon ◽  
Işılay Talay-Değirmenci ◽  
Fikri Karaesmen ◽  
E. Lerzan Örmeci
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Stock Level ◽  
Production Inventory ◽  
Static Pricing ◽  
Make To Stock ◽  
Production Inventory System

We study the effects of different pricing strategies available to a production–inventory system with capacitated supply, which operates in a fluctuating demand environment. The demand depends on the environment and on the offered price. For such systems, three plausible pricing strategies are investigated: static pricing, for which only one price is used at all times, environment-dependent pricing, for which price changes with the environment, and dynamic pricing, for which price depends on both the current environment and the stock level. The objective is to find an optimal replenishment and pricing policy under each of these strategies. This article presents some structural properties of optimal replenishment policies and a numerical study that compares the performances of these three pricing strategies.

scholarly journals Sustainable Growth of Payment Card Networks: A Two-Sided Market Approach

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-191
Author(s):  
Mingchun Sun ◽  
Edison Tse
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Network Externalities ◽  
Merger And Acquisition ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Payment Card ◽  
Market Approach ◽  
Two Sides

The payment card industry is a typical "two-sided market" where two groupsof agents (i.e. merchants and cardholders) interact with each other via a commonnetwork platform (i.e. a card network) and the value of participating in thenetwork for agents in one group depends on the number of participants from theother group. The positive network externalities across the two sides create the"chicken-and-egg problem": without sufficient merchants accepting a particularcard network, few consumers are willing to apply for the card; without sufficientcardholders, few merchants are willing to accept the card. While economists haveaddressed the issue from social welfare perspective, we focus on business strategyimplications. Modeling network externalities in dynamic systems, we show thatnetwork platform owners could overcome the' 'chicken-and-eggproblem" throughstrategies such as merger and acquisition, licensing, forming strategic alliance,as well as adjusting product and pricing strategies, etc. We provide a history ofthe U.S. payment card industry as empirical evidences to support our findings.

scholarly journals Dynamic Pricing for Airline Revenue Management under Passenger Mental Accounting

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusheng Hu ◽  
Jinlin Li ◽  
Lun Ran
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Mental Accounting ◽  
Dynamic Programming Method ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Pricing Problems ◽  
Positive Effect

Mental accounting is a far-reaching concept, which is often used to explain various kinds of irrational behaviors in human decision making process. This paper investigates dynamic pricing problems for single-flight and multiple flights settings, respectively, where passengers may be affected by mental accounting. We analyze dynamic pricing problems by means of the dynamic programming method and obtain the optimal pricing strategies. Further, we analytically show that the passenger mental accounting depth has a positive effect on the flight’s expected revenue for the single flight and numerically illustrate that the passenger mental accounting depth has a positive effect on the optimal prices for the multiple flights.

Advances in Pricing Strategies and Tactics

2013 ◽  
pp. 202-235
Author(s):  
Praveen K. Kopalle ◽  
Robert Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Price Discrimination ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Stackelberg Games ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Dynamic Structural Models

There has been much interest in pricing strategies and tactics both in the research and practice domains. This chapter examines the recent literature on pricing with a focus on blending an economics approach with that of marketing. It begins with a brief discussion of the fundamental principles of optimal pricing, which serves as the foundation for the more advanced pricing methods. The chapter provides an in-depth discussion in the areas of second degree price discrimination, bundling strategies, revenue management, pricing using conjoint analysis, dynamic pricing, price psychology, personalized pricing, competitive considerations in pricing (Nash and Stackelberg games), dynamic structural models in pricing, and pricing in two-sided markets. The end of the chapter provides brief concluding remarks.

scholarly journals A Welfare Assessment of Revenue Management Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Nicolas Dupuis ◽  
Marc Ivaldi ◽  
Jerome Pouyet
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Revenue Management ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Capacity Constraints ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Welfare Impact ◽  
Welfare Assessment

AbstractWe study the welfare impact of revenue management, a practice which is widely spread in the transport industry, but whose impact on consumer surplus remains unclear. We develop a theoretical model of revenue management allowing for heterogeneity in product characteristics, capacity constraints, consumer preferences, and probabilities of arrival. We also introduce dynamic competition between revenue managers. We solve this model computationally and recover the optimal pricing strategies. We find that revenue management is generally welfare enhancing as it raises the number of sales.

scholarly journals Selling to strategic customers with cost uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodaohou Song ◽  
Xiaofang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Strategic Customers ◽  
Cost Uncertainty ◽  
Intertemporal Pricing ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
Second Period

AbstractProduction cost can be influenced by previous sales in an uncertain way. In reality, production cost may decrease in the number of initial buyers due to the learning effect, or increase in the number of initial buyers due to the quality-improving pressure from negative comments of unhappy users. Taking this uncertainty into account, this paper studies the optimal intertemporal pricing strategies of a firm when selling to strategic customers in two periods where production cost in the second period randomly changes with the number of buyers in the first period. Our results suggest how firms should adjust their optimal pricing strategies under different market circumstances.

scholarly journals Optimal Pricing Strategies and Customers’ Equilibrium Behavior in an Unobservable M/M/1 Queueing System with Negative Customers and Repair

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doo Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Queueing System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Negative Customers ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Equilibrium Behavior ◽  
Payment Scheme ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Pricing Schemes

This work investigates the optimal pricing strategies of a server and the equilibrium behavior of customers in an unobservable M/M/1 queueing system with negative customers and repair. In this work, we consider two pricing schemes. The first is termed the ex-post payment scheme, where the server charges a price that is proportional to the time spent by a customer in the system. The second scheme is the ex-ante payment scheme, where the server charges a flat rate for all services. Based on the reward-cost structure, the server (or system manager) should make optimal pricing decisions in order to maximize its expected profit per time unit in each payment scheme. This study also investigates equilibrium joining/balking behavior under the server’s optimal pricing strategies in the two pricing schemes. We show, given a customer’s equilibrium, that the two pricing schemes are perfectly identical from an economic point of view. Finally, we illustrate the effect of several system parameters on the optimal joining probabilities, the optimal price, and the equilibrium behavior via numerical examples.

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