scholarly journals Assessing the Filariasis Causing Parasites in Adult Mosquitoes and the Vector Mosquito Larval Breeding in Selected Medical Officer of Health Areas in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
S. A. S. Pilagolla ◽  
L. D. Amarasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Dirofilaria Repens ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Armigeres Subalbatus ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Vector Mosquito

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of filariasis causing parasites in adult mosquitoes and vector mosquito larval breeding in four Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas in Gampaha district, Sri Lanka. Adult female mosquitoes at their resting places were collected using a prokopack aspirator operated twice a day from 7.00 am to 8.00 am and 8.00 pm to 9 pm in predetermined dates. Microfilarial worms in dissected mosquitoes were morphologically identified. Nine species of mosquitoes, namely, Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. gelidus, Armigeres subalbatus, Mansonia uniformis, Ma. annulifera, Aedes aegypti, and Ae. Albopictus, were captured. A total of 1194 mosquito larvae were collected that belonged into three genera, namely, Culex (62.73%), Armigeres (25.62%), and Mansonia (11.64%), from blocked drains, polluted drains, blocked canals, large polluted water bodies, stagnant water bodies, marsh lands, rice field mudflats, and concrete pits. Large polluted water bodies (Shannon-Wiener diversity index/H’ = 1.5591) were the most diversed habitat type. In breeding water, average pH mainly lied in between 6 and 8 and average dissolved oxygen ranged from 3 to 7 mg/L. Cx. quinquefasciatus and Armigeres subalbatus adult female mosquitoes captured from Kelaniya MOH area were positive for microfilariae and were identified as Wuchereria bancrofti and Dirofilaria repens, respectively. This study concludes possible lymphatic filariasis situation is in extremely very low level persistent (0.06%) where transmission cannot be sustained and is restricted only to isolated pockets in the study area. The zoonotic strains of filariasis causing subcutaneous dirofilariasis in humans by Dirofilaria repens is continuing to survive due to the presence of stray dogs that serve as reservoir hosts.

scholarly journals Anopheles culicifacies breeding in polluted water bodies in Trincomalee District of Sri Lanka

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayana Gunathilaka ◽  
Thilan Fernando ◽  
Menaka Hapugoda ◽  
Rajitha Wickremasinghe ◽  
Panduka Wijeyerathne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Anopheles Culicifacies

Conceptual model for minimizing the risk of water pollution in the Kemerovo region

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Kulikova ◽  
Ju. A. Sergeeva
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Critical Limit

One of the problems of functioning of coal industry enterprises is the formation of mine waters, which are discharged into water bodies and cause their dangerous pollution. The total volume of water pumped by the enterprise includes up to 15 % for the recycling cycle, the remaining 85% is discharged to surface water bodies. As a result, the ecological balance of coal regions is disturbed, their sanitary and hygienic state on the environment worsens, and the quality of coal is reduced due to the intake of polluted water for technological operations. The volume of mine water contamination increases during mining operations at deeper horizons and in difficult mining and hydrogeological conditions. In turn, this leads to pollution and depletion of underground aquifers and the formation of environmental risk factors. In Kuzbass, all these factors contribute to the development of water crisis, since the state of surface reservoirs has already reached a critical limit. Especially dangerous is the process of liquidation of mines. Closing mines and sections disrupt natural water flows, resulting in all water from the aquifers going to deeper horizons. More pollutants enter the water, which poison the underground hydrosphere of the regions. The paper analyzes the pollutants entering the underground and surface hydro grid at coal-fired plants and offers a Conceptual model for minimizing the risk of water pollution.

scholarly journals Oxygen Regime Control in Water Body Amelioration

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 05029
Author(s):  
Valery Borovkov ◽  
Ivan Karaichev
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Oxygen Regime ◽  
Discharge Velocity ◽  
Dimensionless Groups

An important aspect of water body amelioration is the control of the oxygen regime in water mass. Pollution of water bodies deteriorates their oxygen regime, and the natural inflow of oxygen through the free surface is not enough to compensate for oxygen consumption for pollutant oxidation. Water pollution by various substances causes damage resulting from a decrease in the ecological safety of urban water bodies. Data of World Health Organization (WHO) show that the contact of the population with polluted water bodies causes spreading of deceases, such as cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and poliomyelitis, and creates considerable health risks. In this context, the artificial aeration of water mass with the use of aeration systems, which improve water quality, is gaining in importance. Most widespread among such aeration systems are diffused-air aerators, in which air supplied by a compressor passes through perforated diffuser plates. The size of the perforation is often chosen with no appropriate hydraulic substantiation. The size of the resulting air bubbles, no doubt, depends on the size of perforation holes; however, the available design relationships give contradictory results depending on the immersion depth of the diffuser plate and the working pressure, which determines air discharge velocity from diffuser plate perforations. This shows that the studies along this line are of scientific and practical importance. This article presents the analysis of the existing relationships for determining the size of air bubbles that form when air is pumped into water through nozzles of different diameters at different pumping rates; the analysis has shown the results of such calculations to differ considerably. Buckingham π-theorem was used to construct dimensionless groups, determining the relationship between the size of bubbles and the factors that govern the outflow of air into water. Dimensionless groups were used to obtain a formula for calculating the size of air bubbles at the aeration of water mass.

scholarly journals Recognition of Water Colour Anomaly by Using Hue Angle and Sentinel 2 Image

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelong Zhao ◽  
Qian Shen ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Shenglei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Water Colour ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Anomalous Water ◽  
Sentinel 2

As polluted water bodies are often small in area and widely distributed, performing artificial field screening is difficult; however, remote-sensing-based screening has the advantages of being rapid, large-scale, and dynamic. Polluted water bodies often show anomalous water colours, such as black, grey, and red. Therefore, the large-scale recognition of suspected polluted water bodies through high-resolution remote-sensing images and water colour can improve the screening efficiency and narrow the screening scope. However, few studies have been conducted on such kinds of water bodies. The hue angle of a water body is a parameter used to describe colour in the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) colour space. Based on the measured data, the water body with a hue angle greater than 230.958° is defined as a water colour anomaly, which is recognised based on the Sentinel-2 image through the threshold set in this study. The results showed that the hue angle of the water body was extracted from the Sentinel-2 image, and the accuracy of the hue angle calculated by the in situ remote-sensing reflectance Rrs (λ) was evaluated, where the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean relative error (MRE) were 4.397° and 1.744%, respectively, proving that this method is feasible. The hue angle was calculated for a water colour anomaly and a general water body in Qiqihar. The water body was regarded as a water colour anomaly when the hue angle was >230.958° and as a general water body when the hue angle was ≤230.958°. High-quality Sentinel-2 images of Qiqihar taken from May 2016 to August 2019 were chosen, and the position of the water body remained unchanged; there was no error or omission, and the hue angle of the water colour anomaly changed obviously, indicating that this method had good stability. Additionally, the method proposed is only suitable for optical deep water, not for optical shallow water. When this method was applied to Xiong’an New Area, the results showed good recognition accuracy, demonstrating good universality of this method. In this study, taking Qiqihar as an example, a surface survey experiment was conducted from October 14 to 15, 2018, and the measured data of six general and four anomalous water sample points were obtained, including water quality terms such as Rrs (λ), transparency, water colour, water temperature, and turbidity.

scholarly journals Surveillance of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Rajshahi, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Md Tanvir Anjum Anik ◽  
Thahsin Farjana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Arthropod Vectors ◽  
The World

Mosquitoes are considered the most important arthropod vectors in the world. Mosquito borne diseases are major public health problems in most of tropical and subtropical countries. An investigation was performed at Bagha upazila in Rajshahi district to identify the mosquito species and their breeding sites at the study area. Adult mosquitoes were collected by insect collecting net, light traps and human bait method and larvae were collected by dipper, mug, ladle spoon and dropper. A total of 1947 adult mosquitoes and 1376 larvae were collected and identified. Total ten species of adult mosquitoes and nine species of larvae under two genera were identified. The collected mosquitoes were belonging to two genera- Anopheles (An.) and Culex (Cx.). The identified species were Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. whitmorei, Cx. fuscanus, Cx. fuscocephala, An. aconitus, An. vagus and An. barbirostris. In both cases of larvae and adult mosquitoes, Culex was found more prevalent than Anopheles. In case of larvae the prevalence was 75.8% and 24.2%, and in case of adult it was 71.2% and 28.8% for Culex and Anopheles, respectively. Among the all identified mosquitoes, Cx. quinquefasciatus showed the highest abundance in both cases of larval (23.5%) and adult mosquitoes (25.2%). From the survey it has been apparent that the Culex species may prefer the polluted water bodies in the locality like households, dairy sheds and drains whereas Anopheles species may prefer agricultural fields, and dairy sheds. This study will help to detect the breeding sites of mosquitoes in study areas and to take necessary steps to control mosquitoes and mosquito borne diseases. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 329-336, August 2019

Habitat type as strongest predictor of the body size distribution ofChydorus sphaericus(O. F. Müller) in small water bodies

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Basińska ◽  
Marcin Antczak ◽  
Kasper Świdnicki ◽  
Vincent E. J. Jassey ◽  
Natalia Kuczyńska-Kippen
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Small Water Bodies
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