scholarly journals Environmental Concerns for Water Consumption from Polluted Water Bodies in Watershed Area of Sindh Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahessar AA ◽  
Qureshi AL ◽  
Ursani H ◽  
Tunio I ◽  
Kandhro B ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Watershed Area ◽  
Sindh Province

Conceptual model for minimizing the risk of water pollution in the Kemerovo region

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Kulikova ◽  
Ju. A. Sergeeva
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Critical Limit

One of the problems of functioning of coal industry enterprises is the formation of mine waters, which are discharged into water bodies and cause their dangerous pollution. The total volume of water pumped by the enterprise includes up to 15 % for the recycling cycle, the remaining 85% is discharged to surface water bodies. As a result, the ecological balance of coal regions is disturbed, their sanitary and hygienic state on the environment worsens, and the quality of coal is reduced due to the intake of polluted water for technological operations. The volume of mine water contamination increases during mining operations at deeper horizons and in difficult mining and hydrogeological conditions. In turn, this leads to pollution and depletion of underground aquifers and the formation of environmental risk factors. In Kuzbass, all these factors contribute to the development of water crisis, since the state of surface reservoirs has already reached a critical limit. Especially dangerous is the process of liquidation of mines. Closing mines and sections disrupt natural water flows, resulting in all water from the aquifers going to deeper horizons. More pollutants enter the water, which poison the underground hydrosphere of the regions. The paper analyzes the pollutants entering the underground and surface hydro grid at coal-fired plants and offers a Conceptual model for minimizing the risk of water pollution.

scholarly journals Oxygen Regime Control in Water Body Amelioration

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 05029
Author(s):  
Valery Borovkov ◽  
Ivan Karaichev
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Oxygen Regime ◽  
Discharge Velocity ◽  
Dimensionless Groups

An important aspect of water body amelioration is the control of the oxygen regime in water mass. Pollution of water bodies deteriorates their oxygen regime, and the natural inflow of oxygen through the free surface is not enough to compensate for oxygen consumption for pollutant oxidation. Water pollution by various substances causes damage resulting from a decrease in the ecological safety of urban water bodies. Data of World Health Organization (WHO) show that the contact of the population with polluted water bodies causes spreading of deceases, such as cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and poliomyelitis, and creates considerable health risks. In this context, the artificial aeration of water mass with the use of aeration systems, which improve water quality, is gaining in importance. Most widespread among such aeration systems are diffused-air aerators, in which air supplied by a compressor passes through perforated diffuser plates. The size of the perforation is often chosen with no appropriate hydraulic substantiation. The size of the resulting air bubbles, no doubt, depends on the size of perforation holes; however, the available design relationships give contradictory results depending on the immersion depth of the diffuser plate and the working pressure, which determines air discharge velocity from diffuser plate perforations. This shows that the studies along this line are of scientific and practical importance. This article presents the analysis of the existing relationships for determining the size of air bubbles that form when air is pumped into water through nozzles of different diameters at different pumping rates; the analysis has shown the results of such calculations to differ considerably. Buckingham π-theorem was used to construct dimensionless groups, determining the relationship between the size of bubbles and the factors that govern the outflow of air into water. Dimensionless groups were used to obtain a formula for calculating the size of air bubbles at the aeration of water mass.

scholarly journals Recognition of Water Colour Anomaly by Using Hue Angle and Sentinel 2 Image

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelong Zhao ◽  
Qian Shen ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Shenglei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Water Colour ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Anomalous Water ◽  
Sentinel 2

As polluted water bodies are often small in area and widely distributed, performing artificial field screening is difficult; however, remote-sensing-based screening has the advantages of being rapid, large-scale, and dynamic. Polluted water bodies often show anomalous water colours, such as black, grey, and red. Therefore, the large-scale recognition of suspected polluted water bodies through high-resolution remote-sensing images and water colour can improve the screening efficiency and narrow the screening scope. However, few studies have been conducted on such kinds of water bodies. The hue angle of a water body is a parameter used to describe colour in the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) colour space. Based on the measured data, the water body with a hue angle greater than 230.958° is defined as a water colour anomaly, which is recognised based on the Sentinel-2 image through the threshold set in this study. The results showed that the hue angle of the water body was extracted from the Sentinel-2 image, and the accuracy of the hue angle calculated by the in situ remote-sensing reflectance Rrs (λ) was evaluated, where the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean relative error (MRE) were 4.397° and 1.744%, respectively, proving that this method is feasible. The hue angle was calculated for a water colour anomaly and a general water body in Qiqihar. The water body was regarded as a water colour anomaly when the hue angle was >230.958° and as a general water body when the hue angle was ≤230.958°. High-quality Sentinel-2 images of Qiqihar taken from May 2016 to August 2019 were chosen, and the position of the water body remained unchanged; there was no error or omission, and the hue angle of the water colour anomaly changed obviously, indicating that this method had good stability. Additionally, the method proposed is only suitable for optical deep water, not for optical shallow water. When this method was applied to Xiong’an New Area, the results showed good recognition accuracy, demonstrating good universality of this method. In this study, taking Qiqihar as an example, a surface survey experiment was conducted from October 14 to 15, 2018, and the measured data of six general and four anomalous water sample points were obtained, including water quality terms such as Rrs (λ), transparency, water colour, water temperature, and turbidity.

scholarly journals Surveillance of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Rajshahi, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Md Tanvir Anjum Anik ◽  
Thahsin Farjana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Arthropod Vectors ◽  
The World

Mosquitoes are considered the most important arthropod vectors in the world. Mosquito borne diseases are major public health problems in most of tropical and subtropical countries. An investigation was performed at Bagha upazila in Rajshahi district to identify the mosquito species and their breeding sites at the study area. Adult mosquitoes were collected by insect collecting net, light traps and human bait method and larvae were collected by dipper, mug, ladle spoon and dropper. A total of 1947 adult mosquitoes and 1376 larvae were collected and identified. Total ten species of adult mosquitoes and nine species of larvae under two genera were identified. The collected mosquitoes were belonging to two genera- Anopheles (An.) and Culex (Cx.). The identified species were Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. whitmorei, Cx. fuscanus, Cx. fuscocephala, An. aconitus, An. vagus and An. barbirostris. In both cases of larvae and adult mosquitoes, Culex was found more prevalent than Anopheles. In case of larvae the prevalence was 75.8% and 24.2%, and in case of adult it was 71.2% and 28.8% for Culex and Anopheles, respectively. Among the all identified mosquitoes, Cx. quinquefasciatus showed the highest abundance in both cases of larval (23.5%) and adult mosquitoes (25.2%). From the survey it has been apparent that the Culex species may prefer the polluted water bodies in the locality like households, dairy sheds and drains whereas Anopheles species may prefer agricultural fields, and dairy sheds. This study will help to detect the breeding sites of mosquitoes in study areas and to take necessary steps to control mosquitoes and mosquito borne diseases. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 329-336, August 2019

scholarly journals Water environment pollution with its impact on human diseases in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Rakhecha PR
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Pollutant Load ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Water Pollutant

The problem of water pollution in India is not a new one. It has been an age- old practice that people dispose of their waste into rivers and other water bodies. The consumption of polluted water is intimately connected with the occurrence of many deadly diseases. Rapid and unplanned population growth in India is a key factor to the whole equation of water pollution. This paper provides an overview of population growth, the mechanism of water pollutant load, causes of water pollution in India as well as the diseases resulting from the use of polluted water.

Investigation on the Efficiency of Effective Microorganisms for Polluted Water Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mun Wei Se Hoo ◽  
Swee-Sen Teo
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Effective Microorganisms

Water pollution, mainly caused by rapid industrialization and population growth, has been one of the major threats to the sustainability of living organisms. The urgency to preserve and restore the freshwater system has never been clearer, as only 1% of the world's total water supply is suitable for human consumption. Recently, biological treatment using Effective Microorganisms Activated Solution (EMAS) shows potential in reducing pollution in wastewater and river water bodies. Thus, this study aims to assess the water quality of water bodies in Malaysia, namely Kerayong River and Pandan Perdana Lake, and assess the effectiveness and optimum concentration of EMAS on polluted water. The results obtained showed that high levels of NO2- , NO3- and NH3 were found in excess in Kerayong River, indicating pollution occurs whereas none of the tested parameters were detected in excess in Pandan Perdana Lake, hence showing it was not contaminated. The effectiveness of EMAS on synthetic wastewater was assessed through the measurement of few parameters which include Ca2+, Na+ , K+ , NO3- , NH4+ , pH and microbe concentration. It was found that in all concentrations of EMAS, ammonium ion concentration was effectively reduced, and microbe concentration was increased (p < 0.05). EMA (1 mL/L) and EMB (0.2 mL/L) samples had significantly lower nitrate concentration compared to the control samples. EMAS were not capable to reduce dissolved water minerals such as Ca2+, Na+ and K+ , but further contributes to the increase of dissolved minerals in the water. Whereas no significant effect of EMAS on pH of water samples was observed as all water samples fall within pH of 4.31 to 4.56 throughout 5 days. EMAS concentration of 1 mL/L was the optimum concentration for reducing ammonium and nitrate concentration.

Monitoring of the droughts consequence by high resolution satellite images

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
D. K. Mozgovoy
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images ◽  
Freshwater Bodies

The State of California is one of the least abundant with fresh water in the United States, while having high water consumption – the drought in the state has reached catastrophic proportions. January 2015 was the driest month in California for the whole period of observations since 1895. Two thirds of the state's population depend on the centralized water supply – about 25 million people and more than 400 thousand hectares of agricultural land. The level of ground waters and the snow cover have become record low – this can be explained by pumping groundwater out for irrigation of agricultural land. The water level in the reservoirs of California is close to the critical notch. State authorities are forced to tighten measures to save water, the supply of which is sometimes insufficient to satisfy the priority needs of citizens. The solution of the problem of rational use and protection of water resources can only be based on an integrated systemic approach to the study of spatial and temporal patterns of natural and anthropogenic factors on the quality and quantity of surface water with the use of satellite and ground data. In the study of the water regime of land one of the most important input parameters of hydrological models is the surface area of the reservoirs. Regular receiving of information about this parameter with the use of ground data is challenging and labor intensive. Using satellite data can greatly simplify this task and accomplish it with shorter latent periods, more frequently and at lower costs. The results of satellite monitoring of certain areas of California shown to assess the impact of the drought in 2011–2015 on the large freshwater bodies, based on high resolution satellite images. To quantify the effects of drought in 2011–2015 on selected large freshwater bodies (Lake Folsom and Lake Oroville) processing of multispectral images was performed. Changes of Lake Oroville in 2011–2015 according to high resolution satellite images was detected. The shift of the coastline near Foreman Creek amounted to 2.5 km. The shift of the coastline near Lampkin Road amounted to over 1.2 km. Changes of Lake Folsom in 2011–2015 according to the high resolution satellite images was detected. The shift of the coastline near the Beal's Point made 1.2 km. The shift of the coastline near Peninsula Campground made over 3.4 km. Large-scale consequences of drought shown for lakes Oroville and Folsom are also typical for other fresh water bodies of California, the majority of which have the status of water reservoirs, and also for water bodies of other US states. For instance, Lake Mead covering 90 % of water requirements of Las Vegas has the water level by 145 feet below normal. It is expected that this level will go down by another 20 feet by June, 2015. This is not only about water, but also about electricity supply – dams of hydropower plants are almost dry. Therefore, in the recent years an acute necessity has appeared for creation of a web-service for regular space monitoring of fresh water bodies – now this has become possible owing to availability of satellite images and modern technologies of their processing. The users of such a service may be: – state regulating structures (water supplying enterprises, forest, environment, agricultural services and so on); – state and private companies of water transport (unbiased evaluation of the consequences of the drought for fresh water navigation); – tourist companies (monitoring of recreational territories); – municipal services, private companies, farmers (carrying out measures for minimizing water consumption); – TV and radio companies and other mass media (propaganda of rational water use); – population living near territories affected by the drought (obtaining of unbiased and reliable information as for the scale and severity of the consequences of the drought). 

scholarly journals Effects of Phenolic Pollution on Interspecific Competition between Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella pyrenoidosa and their Photosynthetic Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Tan ◽  
Kaiwen Dai ◽  
Keshab Parajuli ◽  
Xiaoshuai Hang ◽  
Zhipeng Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Algal Community ◽  
Volterra Model ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

The demand for phenolic compounds has been increasing rapidly, which has intensified the production and usage of phenol at a commercial scale. In some polluted water bodies, phenol has become one of the typical aromatic contaminants. Such water bodies are inescapably influenced by nutrients from human activities, and also suffer from nuisance cyanobacterial blooms. While phenolic pollution threatens water safety and ecological balance, algal cells are ubiquitous and sensitive to pollutants. Therefore, effects of phenolic pollution on interspecific competition between a bloom-forming cyanobacterium and other common alga merit quantitative investigation. In this study, the effects of phenol on Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa, a bloom-forming cyanobacterium) and Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa, a ubiquitous green alga) were analyzed in mono- and co-cultures. The two species were exposed to a series of phenol treatments (0, 2, 20, and 200 μg mL−1). Population dynamics were measured by a flow cytometer and analyzed by the Lotka-Volterra model. The results showed that M. aeruginosa was more sensitive to phenol (EC50 = 80.8 ± 0.16 μg mL−1) compared to C. pyrenoidosa (EC50 = 631.4 ± 0.41 μg mL−1) in mono-cultures. M. aeruginosa won in the co-cultures when phenol was below or equal to 20 μg mL−1, while C. pyrenoidosa became the dominant species in the 200 μg mL−1 treatment. Photosynthetic activity was measured by a fluometer. Results showed phenol significantly impacted the photosynthetic activity of M. aeruginosa by inhibiting the acceptor side of its photosystem II (PSII), while such inhibition in C. pyrenoidosa was only observed in the highest phenol treatment (200 μg mL−1). This study provides a better understanding for predicting the succession of algal community structure in water bodies susceptible to phenolic contamination. Moreover, it reveals the mechanism on photosynthetic responses of these two species under phenolic stress.

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