scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STONES IN CASES OF URINARY TRACT CALCULUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teffy Anish Roy ◽  
Gourav Saxena ◽  
Atul Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Urinary Tract Calculus

Background & Method: The present study was conducted at Department of General Surgery, Index Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, Indore (M.P.). A total of 30 study subjects (post operated cases of urolithiasis) were selected from the surgical ward in Index Hospital from period of 12 months with an aim to Biochemical Analysis of Stones in cases of Urinary Tract Calculus. Result: A total of 46 renal stones were analyzed, from 30 patients. In 30 patients, 18 were Males and 12 Females. The Bio-chemical analysis of renal stones revealed the presence of mixed stones with highest present of Calcium Oxalate stones, followed by uric acid stones. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that in Index Medical College and Hospital a significant proportion of renal stones were containing calcium oxalate as constituent and were non phosphate in composition. The study concluded that the biochemical composition of renal calculi is important during the treatment of renal stone disease and reducing the recurrence by avoiding promoters of stone formation. Keywords: Biochemical, Stones, Urinary Tract & Calculus.

scholarly journals The various metabolic factors involved in stone recurrence: a prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Jitendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Sanjay Singh ◽  
A. Maha Devan ◽  
Anish Kola
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Metabolic Factors ◽  
Medical College ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Nephrolithiasis is the most common chronic kidney condition, is globally increasing in both sexes. Five main types of renal stones viz., calcium oxalate stones, calcium phosphate stones, uric acid stones, struvite stones and cystine stones. Purpose of the study is to evaluate various metabolic factors contributing to recurrent renal stone and determining appropriate medical treatment and diet modification to prevent recurrent renal stone disease.Methods: This study was carried out in P.G. Department of Surgery, S.R.N. Hospital associated with M.L.N. Medical College, Allahabad. A total of 120 cases of recurrent renal calculi in and outpatient between August 2017 and July 2019 were included in the study. All patients were stone free at the time of metabolic urine evaluation.Results: Most of the patients in the study were in the age 21 to 50 years. 80% were males and 20% were females. In 24-hour urine analysis most common metabolic abnormality seems to be hyperoxaluria (92.5%) followed by hypercalciuria (82.5%), high pH (67.5%), and least common seems to be hypocitraturia (15%), followed by hyperphosphaturia (20%), hypernatreturia (25%), and low level of potassium (25%).Conclusions: All patient of recurrent stone formation are advised increase fluid intake. In patient with hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia, dietary restriction of protein, oxalate and sodium, treatment includes thiazides supplemented with potassium citrate. In patient with hyperoxaluria dietary restriction of oxalate rich food and in hyperuricosuria dietary restriction of animal protein is advised. 

scholarly journals TO EVALUATE THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RENAL CALCULI IN GENERAL POPULATION OF SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF KPK. PAKISTAN.

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-670
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD SAJJAD ◽  
MUKAMIL SHAH ◽  
ZARD ALI KHAN ◽  
IMTIAZ AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stone ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Metallic Mineral ◽  
Southern District ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Calculi ◽  
Stony Hard

BACKGROUND: Renal stone are hard solid non metallic mineral particles that forms in urinary tractespecially in kidney in response to multiple etiological factors including genetics, environmental,metabolic, hormonal etc.OBJECTIVE: Renal calculi are stony hard solid particles that form in urinary tract. Most of the timestones are small and passes out in urine without causing problems. Sometimes a stone may causesretention of urine resulting in excruciating pain and needs prompt medical/ surgical treatment.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This descriptive study was carried out in Pathology DepartmentBannu Medical College Bannu. The duration of this study was three years (January, 2012 to December,2014). A total of 84 renal stones were analyzed by using chemical qualitative method. Each stonesample was washed, dried, crushed and then analysis was performed using qualitative chemical analysiskit Biolabo, Manufacturer Biolabo SAS, France.RESULTS: The commonest renal calculi are mixed stone 31 (%) followed by uric acid (28.1%) calculi,followed in frequency by calcium oxalate calculi (26.1 %), mixed calculi containing calcium oxalate anduric acid (21.8%) and calculi containing calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate (10.4%). Other varietyof calculi was less common.CONCLUSION: This study like other studies show calcium oxalate as the commonest renal calculi, butother calculi varies in their frequency as also in other studies.KEY WORDS: Renal calculi, Chemical analysis of stones, Calcium oxalate stone.

A comparative study of the adsorption of amino acids on to calcium minerals found in renal calculi

2001 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. FLEMING ◽  
Wilhelm VAN BRONSWIJK ◽  
Rosemary Lyons RYALL
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Carboxyglutamic Acid ◽  
Calcium Minerals ◽  
Ph Range

To assess the binding of individual amino acids to the principal calcium minerals found in human kidney stones, the adsorption of 20 amino acids on to calcium oxalate monohydrate, CaHPO4.2H2O, Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca5(PO4)3OH crystals was determined over the physiological urinary pH range (pH 5–8) in aqueous solutions. All amino acids adsorbed most strongly at pH 5, and this decreased in all cases as the pH was increased. The amino acids which adsorbed most strongly were aspartic acid, glutamic acid and γ-carboxyglutamic acid, with the last displaying the strongest affinity. All amino acids bound more avidly to calcium oxalate monohydrate than to any of the phosphate minerals. Adsorption on to CaHPO4.2H2O was generally higher than for Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca5(PO4)3OH, for which all amino acids, with the exception of γ-carboxyglutamic acid, had only a weak affinity. The binding affinity of these acids is thought to be due to their zwitterions being able to adopt conformations in which two carboxyl groups, and possibly the amino group, can interact with the mineral surface without further rotation. The strong binding affinity of di-and tri-carboxylic acids for calcium stone minerals indicates that proteins rich in these amino acids are more likely to play a functional role in stone pathogenesis than those possessing only a few such residues. These findings, as well as the preferential adsorption of the amino acids for calcium oxalate monohydrate rather than calcium phosphate minerals, have ramifications for research aimed at discovering the true role of proteins in stone formation and for potential application in the design of synthetic peptides for use in stone therapy.

Disorders of renal calcium handling, urinary stones, and nephrocalcinosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 5093-5103
Author(s):  
Christopher Pugh ◽  
Elaine M. Worcester ◽  
Andrew P. Evan ◽  
Fredric L. Coe
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Colic ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium ◽  
Cystine Stones ◽  
Stone Passage

Renal stones are common, with a prevalence of 5 to 10% worldwide. Acute stone passage almost always produces the severe pain of renal colic, but stones are often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on imaging. Prevalence of both symptomatic and asymptomatic disease appears to be rising, although the relative contributions of increasing use of more sensitive imaging modalities and real changes relating to diet and lifestyle are debated. The initial evaluation of patients with renal colic optimally includes noncontrast CT to accurately visualize the size and location of stones in the urinary tract. Initial management of stones less than 5 mm in diameter in patients without anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract is to provide adequate analgesia coupled with α‎-blockade, followed by watchful waiting to allow time for stone passage. The presence of urinary tract infection, inability to take oral fluids, or obstruction of a single functioning kidney requires hospitalization and active management. Once the acute episode of stone passage or removal is over, thought should be given to diagnosis of the underlying causes and steps taken towards prevention. Since stone analysis is the cornerstone of diagnosis, the patient should be encouraged to collect any stones passed and retain them for analysis. Most stones (66–76%) are formed of calcium oxalate: other types include calcium phosphate (12–17%), uric acid (7–11%), struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate, 2–3%), and cystine (1–2%). They form because urine becomes supersaturated with respect to the solute, and treatment to lower its concentration can prevent recurrence. This chapter describes the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of calcium oxalate stones, calcium phosphate stones, uric acid stones, struvite stones, cystine stones, and nephrocalcinosis.

Saturation-Inhibition Index as a Measure of the Risk of Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation in the Urinary Tract

1976 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Robertson ◽  
Munro Peacock ◽  
Robert W. Marshall ◽  
David H. Marshall ◽  
B.E. Christopher Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stone ◽  
Inhibition Index

scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infection and Drug Susceptibility Pattern in Patients of a Medical College Hospital in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Rafiul Alam Khan ◽  
Md Fazhul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Single Organism

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and frequently encountered serious morbidity that afflicts the tool not only to all segments of human population but also results in increasing antibiotic resistance due to persistence and mismanagement of the ailment. The present study aimed to ascertain the current situation of antimicrobial resistance of urinary tract infection. Objectives: To find out pyuria by direct microscopy, isolation and identification of the organisms by culture and to know the susceptibility pattern of organisms causing urinary tract infection. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 midstream urine samples were subjected to aerobic bacteriologic culture in the department of Microbiology, Cox’s Bazar Medical College and 250-bedded Sadar Hospital, Cox’s Bazar during the period of March to October 2012. Specimens were collected from hospitalized and outdoor patients of different age and sex groups. All specimens were examined by routine microscopy to find out significant pyuria (>5 pus cells/HPF). Strict aseptic precautions were taken all through the culture system. Results: Out of 180 specimens, 101 (56.11%) culture yielded significant growth of single organism and 79 (43.89%) yielded no growth. The isolated organisms were E. coli 74.26%, Klebsiella species 12.87%, Enterococci 4.95%, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 3.96%, Pseudomonas species 1.98% and Proteus species 1.98%. The highest sensitivity was shown by imipenem (100%) followed by ceftriaxone (65%), azithromycin (65%), ciprofloxacin (60%) and less sensitive to amoxycillin, cotrimoxazole, cephradine and nalidixic acid ranging 15–30%. Conclusion: The findings of the present study recommends that UTI should be treated by selective antibiotics obtained from culture and sensitivity test to minimize increasing trend of drug resistance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v4i1.18064 J Enam Med Col 2014; 4(1): 21-25

scholarly journals Anthropometric Assessment of Nutritional Status in Pregnant Women in Different Trimesters Attending at the Antenatal Clinic of DMCH

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Lutfa Akther ◽  
Muhammad Belal Hossain ◽  
AAM Anisul Awwal ◽  
Ayatun Nesa
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chronic Energy Deficiency

Background: Adequate nutritional status of expectant mothers is essential for their health maintenance and good pregnancy outcome. To assess the anthropometric measurements of pregnant women.Methodology: Cross sectional study, 245 pregnant women was included whom attended at antenatal clinic of Dhaka Medical College hospital. Main outcome measures: 38% pregnant women were found with overweight or obese and 20% were found underweight that was related with chronic energy deficiency, vitamin deficiency and Iron deficiency anemia.Result: A total of 245 women were in this study, the highest number (48.16%) was found visited in the second trimester, 32.24% were in third and 19.5% in 1st trimester respectively. The mean age of women attending in this study was 23%. It was surprising that our upcoming mother's did not have good height, around 60% were found less than five feet and 24% women were less than four feet eight inches, which indicated that a significant proportion of women might need to have surgical intervention during delivery. Not only the height, but also the weight of our respondents was found much poor and 16% of total attending women had weight below 40 kilogram.Conclusion: Our study revealed that the majority of the women suffered from chronic energy deficiency which could be the potential factor for delivering malnourished babies. All pregnant women should be motivated to have an antenatal check up throughout the pregnancy, increase birth spacing to hold their proper nutritional status and encourage them to delivery their babies in hospital.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 6, No. 1: January 2015, Pages 20-24

In Vitro Models for Studying Renal Stone Formation: A Clear Alternative

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-503
Author(s):  
Felix Grases ◽  
Rafael M. Prieto ◽  
Antonia Costa-Bauzá
Keyword(s):  
Renal Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Experimental Conditions

This paper discusses the limitations of using laboratory animals for direct in vivo observation of the development of renal stones. In fact, the majority of hypotheses related to mechanisms of stone formation have been based on the results of in vitro experiments. The relevance of in vitro experiments that allow the study of urolithiasis depends upon the degree of correspondence between the experimental conditions and those prevailing in the stone-forming kidney in vivo. For this reason, several in vitro experimental systems that attempt to reproduce the conditions found in vivo have been developed in order to study renal stone formation, which have been classified into two main groups: a) models to study papillary stone formation; and b) models to study “sedimentary” stone formation. These models are briefly described in this paper, and the information obtained was compared with that resulting from a study of the fine structure of real human renal calculi, in order to prove the validity of the models. It was concluded that the experimental in vitro models can closely reproduce the renal conditions under which human calculi are developed. This allows important data to be obtained about the aetiology of renal lithiasis, which is of great relevance to the development of effective treatments for this disease. Therefore, experimental in vitro models constitute a clear alternative to the use of laboratory animals.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO ACTIVITY OF AERIAL PART OF BARANJASIF (Achillea millefolium Linn.) EXTRACTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suheena Khanday ◽  
Mohd. Afsahul Kalam ◽  
Ansar Ahmad ◽  
Aamir Yousuf ◽  
Sajad Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Semipermeable Membrane ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stones

Hasah al-Kulya (renal calculi) is one of the leading problems affecting kidney. Recurrence of kidney stone formation is approximately 50%, after 2-3 years of recovery. This makes the prevention of its recurrence an essential problem to address. Despite substantial progress in medical therapy, there is no drug with satisfactory effect. Furthermore, the drugs those are being used for its treatment have many side effects. Baranjasif (Achillea millefolium Linn.) is one of the drugs used in Unani Medicine that has been extensively used for the management of urolithiasis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the lithotriptic action of Baranjasif in-vitro. In this study, calcium oxalate stones were prepared experimentally followed by the preparation of semipermeable membrane by dissolving the outer shell of egg in 2M HCl overnight. Calcium oxalate stones weighing 10mg were then allowed to react with 7 extracts of A. millefolium L. viz, Pet-ether, Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate, Methanol, Acetone, Hydro-alcohol and Aqueous by packing them together in semipermeable membrane. The reaction was performed on three different concentrations of each extract i.e., 50 mg, 100 mg and 150 mg. In addition to 7 groups, two more groups were taken, i) a negative group containing only the stone of weight 10 mg and ii) standard group consisting of stone weighing 10 mg and cystone (in concentrations of 50 mg, 100 mg and 150 mg). Statistical methods like mean standard deviation, percentage dissolution, percentage inhibition, IC and Pearson's correlation were applied to understand the extent of dissolution of stones 50 in each group. The study advocates that Baranjasif reveals lithotriptic activity comparable to standard drug. The efficacy of the drug is directly proportional to its concentration. Ethyl acetate extract of the plant showed the most promising results.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN CHILDREN (AGE 1 MONTH TO 5 YEARS) WITH FEVER ADMITTED IN JHALAWAR MEDICAL COLLEGE, JHALAWAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Kapil Kumar ◽  
Anita Devi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: The present study is undertaken to estimate the prevalence of urinary tract infection in febrile preschool children (1 month to 5 years of age) in febrile children visiting at tertiary care centre of Jhalawar, Rajasthan Methods: It was a cross-sectional, prospective, observational, non interventional study, carried out to analyse the prevalence of urinary tract infection in febrile preschool children (1 month to 5 years of age) in febrile children visiting medical college, Hospital Jhalawar. The study was conducted in Department of Paediatrics, between Dec. 2019  to  March 2020. The study was approved by Ethics Committee.   Results: During the study period, we have screened total 1379 preschool children (under 5 years of age) with fever. Out of this total 1379 febrile children, 86 children found to be culture positive cases for UTI (CP-UTI). The prevalence of culture positive cases for UTI in this study was 6.23%. In the prospect of age, 24 (27.91%) children were found to be infant and 62(72.09%) children were found to be of age between 1 years to 5 years. Conclusion: UTIs in preschool children are often having vague and variable symptoms, often fever is the only symptoms. An untreated UTI can lead to subsequent damage and impairment of renal structure and function, it is very important to diagnose and treat UTI in preschool children. Keywords: Urinary tract infection, E.coli, Fever.

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