scholarly journals Ranula as the First Symptom of HIV Infection in Young Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
X. Vanden Eynden ◽  
C. Bouland ◽  
D. Dequanter ◽  
M. Gerbaux ◽  
S. Kampouridis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Sublingual Gland ◽  
Salivary Gland Diseases ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing

Introduction. Oral manifestations are often the earliest HIV signs. Salivary gland diseases are a common form of HIV expression. A ranula can occur in association with HIV. However, this manifestation is rarely considered as the disease sentinel sign. We present two cases of children consulting for a ranula, leading to the diagnosis of a previously unknown HIV infection. Case Reports. Two children, respectively, 5 and 13, were treated for a ranula by marsupialization. Relapse occurred in both cases, and thereafter, a ranula excision was performed. While the follow-up was uneventful, HIV infection was diagnosed during the patients’ care. The only sign or symptom observed was the ranula. A routine HIV testing of ranula patients would have allowed earlier care. Conclusion. Routine HIV testing of patients with a ranula is justified and may be recommended, especially for children. Ranula excision associated with the sublingual gland resection is suggested in order to avoid recurrence.

scholarly journals Immediate Post-Extraction Short Implant Placement with Immediate Loading and without Extraction of an Impacted Maxillary Canine: Two Case Reports

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2757
Author(s):  
José Antonio Moreno-Rodríguez ◽  
Julia Guerrero-Gironés ◽  
Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano ◽  
Miguel Ramón Pecci-Lloret
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Aesthetic Result ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Surgical Extraction ◽  
Impacted Canine ◽  
Short Implant

For the treatment of impacted maxillary canines, traction associated with a complete orthodontic treatment is the first choice in young patients. However, in adults, this treatment has a worse prognosis. The surgical extraction of the impacted tooth can result in a series of complications and a compromised alveolar bone integrity, which may lead to the requirement of a bone regeneration/grafting procedure to replace the canine with a dental implant. These case reports aimed to describe an alternative treatment procedure to the surgical extraction of impacted maxillary canines in adults. Following clinical and computerized tomography-scan (CT-Scan) examination, the possibility of maintaining the impacted canine in its position and replacing the temporary canine present in its place with a dental implant was planned. A short dental implant with an immediate provisional crown was placed, without contacting the impacted canine. At 3 months follow-up, a definitive metal-ceramic restoration was placed. Follow-up visits were performed periodically. The implant site showed a physiological soft tissue color and firmness, no marginal bone loss, no infection or inflammation, and an adequate aesthetic result in all follow-up visits. These results suggest that the treatment carried out is a valid option to rehabilitate with an osseointegrated short implant area where a canine is included, as long as there is a sufficient amount of the remaining bone.

Gestational trophoblastic syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: A retrospective analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moodley ◽  
J. Moodley
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sub Saharan

The appropriate management of gynecological malignancies in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is not established. To date the reported literature on the subject consists mainly of case reports. Due to the increasing prevalence of HIV infection, especially in sub-Saharan countries, the chances of finding both conditions in the same patient has produced management and ethical dilemmas. This retrospective study describes the management of 12 HIV-infected patients and compares their outcome with 29 non HIV-infected patients. The mean age of the non HIV-infected patients was 30 years (range 16–56 years), while the mean age of the HIV-infected patients was 32 years (range 20–47 years). In terms of risk factors, there were 72% of non HIV-infected women in the high-risk category compared to 50% of HIV-infected women (P = 0.468). All patients who received treatment had CD4 counts greater than 200 cells/μl. Two HIV-infected women who did not receive any form of chemotherapy due to low CD4 counts (41 cells/μl and 84 cells/μl) demised of their disease. The majority of women (86% non HIV-infected & 90% HIV-infected) received lfewer than 10 cycles of chemotherapy to attain cure. Most side effects were minor. None of the HIV-infected patients who received chemotherapy demised of their disease. In total, irrespective of risk category, there were 38 patients (93%) who were cured of their disease by chemotherapy including 10 HIV-positive patients. All patients were alive and free of disease at their last follow-up visit. Although the numbers are small, it is proposed that HIV-infected patients with choriocarcinoma and a reasonable degree of CD4 counts (>200cells/μl) should receive standard therapy.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Undiagnosed HIV Infection in Those Who Decline HIV Screening in an Urban Emergency Department

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Czarnogorski ◽  
J. Brown ◽  
V. Lee ◽  
J. Oben ◽  
I. Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
Routine Hiv Screening ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing ◽  
Urban Emergency Department

Objective. To determine the prevalence of occult HIV infection in patients who decline routine HIV testing in an urban emergency department.Design, Setting, and Patients. Discarded blood samples were obtained from patients who had declined routine ED HIV testing. After insuring that the samples came from patients not known to be HIV positive, they were deidentified, and rapid HIV testing was preformed using 5 μL of whole blood.Main Outcome Measures. The prevalence of occult HIV infection in those who declined testing compared with prevalence in those who accepted testing.Results. 600 consecutive samples of patients who declined routine HIV screening were screened for HIV. Twelve (2%) were reactive. Over the same period of time, 4845 patients accepted routine HIV testing. Of these, 35 (0.7%) were reactive. The difference in the prevalence of HIV infection between those who declined and those who accepted testing was significant (). The relative risk of undetected HIV infection in the group that declined testing was 2.74 times higher (95% CI 1.44–5.18) compared with those accepted testing.Conclusion. The rate of occult HIV infection is nearly three-times higher in those who decline routine ED HIV testing compared with those who accept such testing. Interventions are urgently needed to decrease the opt-out rate in routine ED HIV testing settings.

scholarly journals Routine HIV Testing in Jails Is Critical for the Early Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Men

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1366-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy P. Flanigan ◽  
Curt G. Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing

Facilitators, Barriers, and Outcomes of Self-Initiated HIV Testing: An Integrative Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwamuyiwa Winifred Adebayo ◽  
John P. Salerno
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing ◽  
Ebsco Host

Background and PurposeHIV testing is an essential tool for identifying people at risk for HIV infection and linking those who are infected to care. Despite the recommendation for routine HIV testing for people who are vulnerable to HIV infection, healthcare professionals experience difficulties initiating discussions related to sexual health and recommending HIV testing. Healthcare professionals not offering HIV testing is a frequently reported reason for delays in testing. Self-initiated HIV testing is understudied and vital to improving HIV testing rates, treatment, and the process of HIV prevention. The main aim of this integrative literature review is to identify facilitators, barriers, and outcomes of self-initiated HIV testing.MethodA search of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EBSCO host, and Google Scholar, revealed 31 studies that met the inclusion criteria.ResultsSelf-initiated HIV testing is voluntarily requested and completed by individuals either using self-testing kits or in a setting that provides HIV testing. Perception of susceptibility to HIV infection, privacy, access to HIV testing sites or self-testing kits, and knowledge related to HIV infection and testing, were some of the salient facilitators and barriers to self-initiated HIV testing. Findings from our review indicate several benefits to self-initiated HIV testing, including early identification of acute HIV infection, increased likelihood for the uptake of HIV prevention interventions, and a reduction in sexual risk behaviors.Implication for PracticeNursing initiatives geared toward promoting self-initiated HIV testing will lead to prompt diagnoses and linkages to treatment which will further improve nursing care and a variety of health outcomes.

scholarly journals Multi-modality Therapies for Advanced Small Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary, Hypercalcemic Type (SCCOHT): Three Case Reports and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Han ◽  
Hongyan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Combined Modality Treatment ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Ovary

Abstract BackgroundSmall-cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is a rare but highly undifferentiated, aggressive malignancy that primarily affects young women. Due to the early onset, unclear familial history, and vague presenting symptoms, most SCCOHT patients present with advanced disease and have a very poor prognosis. Although several therapeutic regimens have been proposed, there is no consensus on the optimal strategy. Case presentationWe described three cases of advanced-stage SCCOHT treated with cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy with or without immune checkpoint blockade treatment. The patients showed different survival rates.ConclusionsGiven the almost universal mortality of advanced SCCOHT during long-term follow-up, we believe these cases highlight the importance of prompt diagnosis as well as early, aggressive, and combined modality treatment of SCCOHT. We also believe that improved therapies could result in more young patients surviving SCCOHT.

scholarly journals Is Surgery an Inevitable Treatment for Advanced Salivary Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma? Three Case Reports

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132092317
Author(s):  
Shaowen Lv ◽  
Dehuan Xie ◽  
Zheng Wu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Yong Su
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Palpable Mass ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Local Regional Recurrence

Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) of the salivary gland is a rare malignancy which is identical to undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, most patients are treated with surgery as primary treatment, which is impossible for some very locoregionally advanced patients. And there are few reports of patients treated by an induction chemotherapy (IC) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) approach. This report describes 3 cases of advanced stage LEC of the salivary gland. All patients presented with a palpable mass of variable duration and underwent induction CCRT. All cases were positive for Epstein-Barr virus–encoded small RNAs. After IC, all cases had reached partial response and all achieved complete response after CCRT. All patients remained local–regional recurrence-free after 6-month follow-up for case 1, 50-month for case 2, and 14-month for case 3 up to our last follow-up. No serious adverse events were found.

scholarly journals Increasing HIV testing engagement through provision of home HIV self-testing kits for patients who decline testing in the emergency department: a pilot randomisation study

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj V Patel ◽  
Samuel M Abrams ◽  
Charlotte A Gaydos ◽  
Mary Jett-Goheen ◽  
Carl A Latkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing

ObjectiveUp to 60% of patients decline routine HIV testing offer in US emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study is to determine whether the provision of HIV self-testing (HIVST) kit would increase engagement of HIV testing among these HIV test ‘Decliners’.MethodsPatients who declined a test offered in an ED-based triage nurse-driven HIV screening programme were enrolled and randomised to either the HIVST or the control group. The patients in the HIVST group received HIVST kits to take home, were encouraged to report test results to an established internet-based STI/HIV testing recruitment website ‘I Want the Kit’ (IWTK) and received five referral cards for their peers to request HIVST kits from IWTK. The control group received pamphlets about publicly available HIV testing sites. HIV testing from both groups after enrolment was determined via telephone follow-up at 1 month. Testing rate ratio (RR) was determined using χ2 tests.ResultsFifty-two patients were randomised to the HIVST group and 48 to the control group. Among all 64 patients completing any follow-up, 14/29 (48%) patients in the HIVST group tested themselves at home with the provided kit. Four of these had never had an HIV test. Only 2/35 (6%) in the control group reported having an HIV test after enrolment (RR: 8.45 (95% CI: 2.09 to 34.17)). 57% (8/14) in the HIVST group reported test results to IWTK.ConclusionProvision of HIVST kits supplements ED-based screening programme and significantly improved engagement of HIV testing among those test ‘Decliners’ in the ED.Trial registration numberNCT03021005, results.

Cervical Heterotopic Salivary Gland Neoplasms: A Diagnostic Dilemma

1982 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Col Joan T. Zajtchuk ◽  
Cpt Carl A. Patow ◽  
Capt Vincent J. Hyams
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Salivary Gland Neoplasms ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Neck Masses

Salivary gland neoplasms found within cervical lymph nodes and occurring as neck masses probably represent primary tumors of heterotopic salivary gland tissue. Five new cases of cervical heterotopic salivary gland neoplasms having appropriate clinical follow-up are added to the literature from ten case reports reviewed at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology from 1956 to 1980. The rarity of these tumors precludes a definitive statement regarding the treatment of this primary tumor of the neck. The most appropriate follow-up may be long-term serial clinical evaluations of the head and neck after excision of the neck mass.

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