scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency Is Common in Ghana despite Abundance of Sunlight: A Multicentre Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Samuel Asamoah Sakyi ◽  
Maxwell Hubert Antwi ◽  
Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo ◽  
Edwin Ferguson Laing ◽  
Richard K. Dadzie Ephraim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone important for the normal functioning of the body. It is produced through skin exposure to sunlight and from the diet. Although Ghana is located in the tropics where sunlight is abundant, factors like culture, diet, skin pigmentation, variation in the ozone layer, and geographical area influence the optimization of vitamin D concentration. It is imperative to evaluate the interplay between sunshine exposure, proinflammatory cytokines, and mediators of vitamin D metabolism and their relationship to vitamin D status in three geographical sections among apparent healthy Ghanaians. Methods and Results. In a cross-sectional study, a total of five hundred (500) healthy blood donors from three geographical areas in Ghana were enrolled. Their age ranged from 17 to 55 years with a mean age of 27.97 ± 8.87 years. The overall prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency was 43.6% (218/500), with 41.2% (91/221), 45.3% (63/139), and 45.7% (64/140) of vitamin D deficiency being recorded in participants from the Northern Sector (NS), Middle Belt (MB), and Southern Sector (SS), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the proportions of vitamin D deficiency across various geographical sectors. The median 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels were compared among geographical areas (NS, MB, and SS) and there were no significant differences ( P = 0.275 ) after adjusting for confounding factors. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D correlated positively with corrected ionized calcium (rs = 0.622, P ≤ 0.001 ) and phosphorus (rs = 0.299, P ≤ 0.001 ) and negatively correlated with SBP (rs = −0.092, P = 0.039 ), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) (rs = −0.421, P ≤ 0.001 ), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (rs = −0.0568, rs ≤ 0.001), IFN-gamma (rs = −0.684, P ≤ 0.001 ), and TNF-alpha (rs = −0.600, P ≤ 0.001 ). After adjusting for possible confounders, not having knowledge about vitamin D foods, taking fewer vitamin D foods, and higher levels of IF-γ and IL-10 were associated with a higher risk of having vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion. The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is high among the general adult population in Ghana despite the abundance of sunlight. Increasing knowledge on vitamin D diet coupled with a daily intake of vitamin D dietary supplements is likely to reduce the risk of developing 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency.

Vitamin D status in Sudanese pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 569-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A Gaffer ◽  
Duria A Rayis ◽  
Osama G Elhussein ◽  
Ishag Adam
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
History Of ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Abstract Background Maternal vitamin D deficiency is associated with maternal and perinatal adverse effects. This study was conducted to assess the vitamin D status among pregnant Sudanese women. Methods A total of 180 pregnant women were enrolled in a cross-sectional study in Saad Abualila Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. The medical history of each woman was collected and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results The median age, gravidity and gestational age was 27.7 y, 1.0 and 10.7 weeks, respectively. Of the 180 woman, 169 (93.9%) had vitamin D deficiency (≤20 ng/ml). There was no correlation between the 25(OH)D level and body mass index (r=−0.135, p=0.071) or haemoglobin level (r= 0.001, p=0.999). Conclusions The current study showed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Further studies investigating the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and the outcome of pregnancy are needed.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency And Insulin Resistance In Obese Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Aidah Juliaty ◽  
Putri Lestari Gabrilasari ◽  
Dasril Daud ◽  
Johan Setyawan Lisal
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Deficiency Group

INTRODUCTION: Obesity represents the major risk factor for development of insulin resistance during childhood and adolescents. In obesity, adipose tissue release free fatty acids, various hormones, and cytokines, resulting in insulin resistance. This study aimed to establish the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of insulin resistance in obese children. DESIGN AND METHOD: This analytical cross-sectional study was arranged from December 2019 - February 2020 included 96 students aged 11 - 17 years old from junior and senior high school who met the criteria for obesity in Makassar. The study subjects were parted into two groups, obese children with vitamin D deficiency (levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≤ 20 ng/ml) and obese children without vitamin D deficiency group (levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D > 20 ng/ml). Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. RESULTS: The frequency of insulin resistance in obese children with vitamin D deficiency was 28 (54.9%), while obese children without vitamin D deficiency was 10 (22.2%). Based on statistical analysis, the frequency of the occurrence of insulin resistance in vitamin D deficiency obese children was higher than in obese children without vitamin D deficiency with OR = 4.261 (95% CI 1.744 – 10.411), p = 0.001. CONCLUSION: The risk of insulin resistance in obese children with vitamin D deficiency is 4.261 times higher than obese children without vitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Supplementation in Tuberculosis Patients: A Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Keumala Sari ◽  
Nurfida Khairina Arrasyid ◽  
Y. S. Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Previous studies have not been able to show with certainty the effect of vitamin D supplementation in tuberculosis patients. The objective of this study is to determine whether vitamin D supplementation to patients with tuberculosis could influence 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and calcium serum levels. The results, after 28 days, the vitamin D supplementation showed significant increase of 25(OH)D serum level at the end point (p=0.001), but not for the calcium serum level (p=0.3). The Conclusions is supplementation with 1,000 IU vitamin D per day increased the 25(OH)D serum level but there was no association with the calcium serum level.

scholarly journals Vitamin D3 metabolite ratio as an indicator of vitamin D status and its association with diabetes complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina H. M. Ahmed ◽  
Alexandra E. Butler ◽  
Soha R. Dargham ◽  
Aishah Latif ◽  
Omar M. Chidiac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Metabolite Ratio ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency is diagnosed by total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and is associated with poor health and increased mortality; however, some populations have low 25(OH) D concentrations without manifestations of vitamin D deficiency. The Vitamin D Metabolite Ratio (VMR) has been suggested as a superior indicator of vitamin D status. Therefore, VMR was determined in a population with type 2 diabetes at high risk for vitamin D deficiency and correlated with diabetic complications. Research design and methods Four hundred sisty patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were recruited, all were vitamin D3 supplement naive. Plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and its metabolites 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) and its epimer, 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (3-epi-25(OH)D3), were measured by LC-MS/MS analysis. VMR-1 was calculated as a ratio of 24,25(OH)2D3:25(OH)D3; VMR-2 as a ratio of 1,25(OH)2D3:25(OH)D3; VMR-3 was calculated as a ratio of 3-epi-25(OH)D3: 25(OH)D3. Results An association means that there were significant differences between the ratios found for those with versus those without the various diabetic complications studied. VMR-1 was associated with diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.001) and peripheral artery disease (p = 0.012); VMR-2 associated with hypertension (p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (p < 0.001), diabetic retinopathy (p < 0.001), diabetic neuropathy (p < 0.001), coronary artery disease (p = 0.001) and stroke (p < 0.05). VMR-3 associated with hypertension (p < 0.05), dyslipidemia (p < 0.001) and coronary artery disease (p < 0.05). Conclusions In this cross sectional study, whilst not causal, VMR-2 was shown to be the superior predictor of diabetic and cardiovascular complications though not demonstrative of causality in this cross-sectional study population over VMR-1, VMR-3 and the individual vitamin D concentration measurements; VMR-2 associated with both microvascular and cardiovascular indices and therefore may have utility in predicting the development of diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in Middle Eastern sportsmen

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1528-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Hamilton ◽  
Justin Grantham ◽  
Sebastien Racinais ◽  
Hakim Chalabi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractObjectiveWhile vitamin D deficiency is well recognized in Middle Eastern women as a result of cultural norms of remaining covered, Middle Eastern men are an under-reported group. Vitamin D is now known to have multiple effects, including an impact on muscle function, thereby increasing the relevance for sportsmen. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in young male Middle Eastern athletes.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingQatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.SubjectsNinety-three Middle Eastern men presenting to hospital for an annual screening undertook a blood test to evaluate their vitamin D status.ResultsNinety-one per cent of athletes were found to be deficient in 25(OH)D (serum concentration <20 ng/ml). Athletes with severe deficiencies were significantly younger than those with less marked deficiency. A subset of athletes underwent bone mineral density assessment and 59 % were shown to have at least oneZ-score less than −1; despite this, however, no athletes reported a stress fracture. There was no correlation between 25(OH)D concentration and sunlight exposure, skin coverage and skin colouring.ConclusionsThe study revealed that 25(OH)D deficiency is very common among otherwise healthy Middle Eastern male athletes. Given the potentially significant long- and short-term effects of 25(OH)D deficiency, serum 25(OH)D evaluation should be part of the routine assessment in this region.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency Is Not Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy or Maculopathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uazman Alam ◽  
Yasar Amjad ◽  
Anges Wan Shan Chan ◽  
Omar Asghar ◽  
Ioannis N. Petropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Clinical Covariates ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background. Experimental and clinical studies suggest a possible association between vitamin D deficiency and both diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy.Methods. We have performed a cross-sectional study in adults with types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. The relationship between the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was evaluated using logistic regression analyses in the presence of demographic and clinical covariates.Results. 657 adults with diabetes were stratified based on retinopathy grading: No Diabetic Retinopathy (39%), Background Diabetic Retinopathy (37%), Preproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (21%), and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (3%), respectively. There were no differences in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (25(OH)D) between the groups (15.3±9.0versus16.4±10.5versus15.9±10.4versus15.7±8.5 ng/mL,P=NS). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated no statistically significant relationship between the severity of retinopathy and serum 25(OH)D. Furthermore, there was no difference in serum 25(OH)D between those with (n=94, 14%) and those without (n=563, 86%) Diabetic Maculopathy (16.2±10.0versus15.8±9.8,P=NS) and no relationship was demonstrated by logistic regression analyses between the two variables.Conclusions. This study has found no association between serum 25(OH)D and the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of factors that influence the 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in pregnant women and in cord blood in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1895-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrin Wuertz ◽  
Peter Gilbert ◽  
Wolfgang Baier ◽  
Clemens Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

There is increasing evidence of an association between a low maternal vitamin D status and a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the vitamin D status of pregnant women to determine potentially influencing factors. Between December 2010 and February 2012, 261 maternal blood samples and 328 cord blood samples were collected for the analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), intact parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase and Ca concentrations. Demographical characteristics and clinical data were recorded by a questionnaire and from medical files. The overall median maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D levels were 25·0 (interquartile range 12·6–45·5) nmol/l and 34·1 (interquartile range 17·7–58·6) nmol/l, respectively. During the winter months, 98 % of the maternal blood samples and 94 % of the cord blood samples had 25(OH)D levels < 50 nmol/l. In the summer months, 49 % of the women and 35 % of the cord blood samples were vitamin D deficient. Using logistic regression models, significant risk factors for maternal vitamin D deficiency were found to be physical inactivity (adjusted OR (aOR) 2·67, 95 % CI 1·06, 6·69, P= 0·032) and a non-European country of origin (aOR 3·21, 95 % CI 1·0, 10·28, P= 0·047) after controlling for season and independent risk factors. These results are the first 25(OH)D data for pregnant women in Germany. They indicate the need for urgent implementation of strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency by healthcare authorities that are in charge of preventing vitamin D deficiency, especially during these sensitive stages of life.

scholarly journals Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and not 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is associated with parathyroid adenoma secretion in primary hyperparathyroidism: a cross-sectional study

2006 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Moosgaard ◽  
P Vestergaard ◽  
L Heickendorff ◽  
F Melsen ◽  
P Christiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Parathyroid Adenoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Circulating Levels

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with reduced plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (P-25OHD) and usually increased plasma 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (P-1,25(OH)2D). Parathyroid tissue expresses the vitamin D receptor and it is thought that circulating 1,25(OH)2D participate in the regulation of parathyroid cell proliferation, differentiation and secretion. Aim: To investigate the relations between circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D and 25OHD respectively and parathyroid adenoma weight (AW), plasma-parathyroid hormone (P-PTH) and PTH secretion expressed as P-PTH/AW. Design: Cross-sectional study. Material: One hundred and seventy-one consecutive hypercalcaemic caucasian patients aged 19–87 years (median 63, 84% females) with surgically proven parathyroid adenoma. Results: A weak positive correlation was found between P-25OHD and P-1,25(OH)2D (r = 0.24, P < 0.005). AW depended on sex and body mass index. Following adjustment, it was correlated positively to P-PTH, calcium (Ca) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) and inversely to plasma phosphate in a multiple regression model. AW was not associated with vitamin D metabolites. Preoperative P-PTH correlated positively to plasma levels of Ca and AP, but inversely to phosphate and 25OHD (P < 0.001) levels. P-PTH was not associated with P-1,25(OH)2D (P = 0.65). The P-PTH:AW ratio correlated inversely to P-25OHD (P < 0.05), but showed no relations to plasma levels of Ca, phosphate or 1,25(OH)2D (P = 0.22). Conclusion: In this material, low levels of 25OHD were related to higher levels of P-PTH and higher PTH:AW ratios in patients with PHPT suggesting that vitamin D deficiency increase PTH secretion activity. Neither PTH secretion nor AW was associated with circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D.

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