scholarly journals Antitumour Metallocenes: Effect of DMSO on the Stability of Cp2TiX2 and Implications for Anticancer Activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Mokdsi ◽  
Margaret M. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Cyclopentadienyl Ligands ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rapid Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The rate of hydrolysis of the aromatic rings of Cp2TiX2 [X = CI 1, O2CCCl3  8 and O2CCH2NH3Cl  13], in aqueous solutions, 10%DMSO and 100% DMSO have been studied by H1NMR spectroscopy. Rapid hydrolysis of both the carboxylate and cyclopentadienyl ligands in Cp2TiX2[X = O2CCCl3,O2CCH2NH3Cl] occurs in DMSO to give biologically inactive species. The rate of these reactions are concentration dependent as dilution of these samples with saline or water to give the therapeutic conditions of 10%DMSO/90%H2O slows the hydrolysis chemistry. In contrast, samples of Cp2TiX2 [X = CI 1, O2CCH2NH3Cl  13], dissolved in water give solutions containing the presumed antitumour active species in which the halide or glycine ligands have been hydrolysed but the Cp rings remain metal bound.

Hydrolysis of ethylenediphosphinetetraacetate anions

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1552-1557
Author(s):  
Jana Podlahová ◽  
Jaroslav Podlaha
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Stability Of Solutions ◽  
Laboratory Temperature ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The anions of ethylenediphosphinetetraacetic acid are hydrolyzed in aqueous solutions at 80 °C in the two following reactions: ((OOCCH2)2PCH2CH2P(CH2COO)2)4- → (OOCCH2(O)HPCH2CH2PH(O)CH2COO)2- → (O(O)HPCH2CH2PH(O)O)2-. Both reactions are acid and base catalyzed so that, at pH < 12, the first reaction is much faster than the second. The reaction course was studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy and by isolation and characterization of the products. The effect of both reactions on the stability of solutions of ethylenediphosphinetetraacetic acid and their salts is negligible at laboratory temperature.

Study and modeling of mechanisms of cholinesterasis reactions in order to improve their catalytic properties in the neutralization reactions of organophosphorous compounds

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-174
Author(s):  
Sergey Varfolomeev ◽  
Bella Grigorenko ◽  
Sofya Lushchekina ◽  
Patrick Masson ◽  
Galina Mahaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Protein Molecule ◽  
Catalytic Antibodies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Organophosphorous Compounds ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

“Biocleaners” or “bioscavengers” are biological objects (enzymes, catalytic antibodies) that are capable of binding and/or hydrolyzing organophosphorus compounds (OPC). Their use seems to be the most effective alternative to traditional antidotes to neutralize or detoxify OPC. The introduction of bioscavengers allows neutralizing toxicant molecules in the bloodstream before they reach their biological targets, thereby providing protection against poisoning. Bioscavengers of the first-generation neutralized OPC molecules by stoichiometrically binding to them. The safety and efficacy of human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) for protecting against OPC poisoning has been shown. However, the stoichiometric neutralization of OPC requires the introduction of a huge amount of expensive biopharmaceuticals. Catalytic bioscavengers that hydrolytically neutralize OPC were introduced at a much lower dose to achieve the same degree of effectiveness. The most effective catalytic bioscavengers are enzymes. The most promising enzymes are artificial mammalian paraoxonase mutants and bacterial phosphotriesterases. However, studies of other enzymes, such as prolidases, oxidases, artificial mutants of cholinesterases and carboxyl esterases and catalytic antibodies are actively ongoing. Since OPC are pseudosubstrates of cholinesterases (ChEs), a detailed description of the mechanisms of inhibition, dealkylation, and spontaneous reactivation of phosphorylated ChEs is critical for the development of ChEs mutants with a high rate of hydrolysis of OPC. The review presents an analysis of different views on the mechanisms of interaction of ChEs with OPC, discusses the possible directions of creating effective catalytic biological traps based on BChE and changes in their mechanism of action as compared to the native enzyme. A separate section is devoted to the effect of mutations, both polymorphic and artificial, on the stability of the protein molecule of BChE.

Preparation and Properties of (Hydroxymethyl)boronic Acid and its Pinanediol Ester

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Matteson
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Isotope Effect ◽  
Boronic Acid ◽  
Efficient Route ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrolysis of diisopropyl (bromomethyl)boronate followed by reaction with pinanediol provides an efficient route to pinanediol (hydroxymethyl)boronate (12), a useful intermediate for asymmetric synthesis. The stability of (hydroxymethyl)boronic acid (10) and its ester 12 have been examined by NMR spectroscopy. Heating for 1 h in acidic D2O does not degrade 10 and only affects the pinanediol moiety of 12. Base does not degrade 10 or 12 in several days at 20–25°C, but converts either to DCH2OD and CH3OD in a few h at 90–98°C, with a large H/D isotope effect. Pinanediol (bromomethyl)boronate with sodium hydroxide in D2O yields a gross mixture of products.

scholarly journals Stability of unimolecular films of 32P-labelled lecithin

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hauser ◽  
R. M. C. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Change ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Rapid Perfusion ◽  
Poisson Boltzmann ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Poisson Boltzmann Equation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

1. The stability of monolayers of a highly unsaturated yeast lecithin labelled with 32P has been investigated by a surface radioactivity technique. 2. Lecithin films on distilled water at all surface pressures between 6 and 48dynes/cm. were completely stable on rapid perfusion of the subphase and on addition of ionic amphipathic substances to the film. 3. Ultrasonically treated lecithin added to the subphase caused a slow loss of surface radioactivity but little pressure change. 4. The addition of proteins to the subphase caused negligible changes in the film even when conditions were favourable for electrostatic heterocoagulation and penetration. 5. Lecithin films were not hydrolysed by a strongly acid subphase at room temperature. The very low rate of hydrolysis produced by alkali was proportional to the subphase OH−ion concentration: the apparent activation energy and temperature coefficient (Q10) of the reaction were 14250 cal. and 2·37 respectively. 6. Alkaline hydrolysis of lecithin monolayers was markedly stimulated by adding methanol (10–20%, v/v) to the subphase. The addition of ionic amphipaths to the monolayer had the expected type of effect on the hydrolysis rate, but its magnitude was far less than that suggested by an application of the Poisson–Boltzmann equation for ion distribution at a charged interface (Davies & Rideal, 1963).

The uncatalysed, and the imidazole and o-mercaptobenzoic acid catalysed, hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl N-benzyloxycarbonylglycinate

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Hay ◽  
RJ Trethewey
Keyword(s):  
Active Species ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Nucleophilic Catalysis ◽  
First Order ◽  
Catalysed Reaction ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Rapid Hydrolysis ◽  
Rate Profile ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The uncatalysed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl N- benzyloxycarbonylglycinate has been studied in 40% (v/v) ethanol-water over the pH range 7.6-8.5. The reaction shows a first-order dependence on the hydroxide ion concentration. The quite rapid hydrolysis (k = (4.4�0.4) x 104 1. mole-1 min-1 at 20�) may possibly indicate the formation of a 2-benzyloxyoxazoline-5-one intermediate. ��� Unlike the hydrolysis of the p-nitrophenyl esters of α-amino acids, the hydrolysis of the N-protected derivatives is not catalysed by carbon dioxide. The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl N- benzyloxycarbonylglycinate is, however, catalysed by imidazole in 40% v/v ethanol-water. Unprotonated imidazole (Im) is the catalytically active species. N-Benzyloxycarbonylaminoacetylimidazole has been detected spectrophotometrically as an intermediate in the reaction, indicating nucleophilic catalysis by the base. o-Mercaptobenzoic acid was also found to catalyse the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl N- benzyloxycarbonylglycinate. pH-rate profile studies indicate that the dianion of o-mercaptobenzoic acid is the catalytically active species, the substrate presumably hydrolysing via the thioester intermediate Z- NHCH2COSC6H4COO-, although efforts to detect such an intermediate have been unsuccessful. Some evidence for a thioester intermediate in the L- cysteine-catalysed reaction has been obtained.

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