Bioavailability and Biokinetics of Anthocyanins From Red Grape Juice and Red Wine

In a comparative study, 9 healthy volunteers ingested a single oral dose of 400 mL red grape juice or red wine with dose-adjusted anthocyanin content (283.5mg or279.6mg, resp.) in crossover. The content of anthocyanin glucosides was detected in plasma and urinary excretion. Additionally, the plasmatic antioxidant activity was assessed after intake. Based on the plasma content, biokinetic criteria of the single anthocyanins were calculated, such as AUC,cmax,tmax, and the elimination ratet1/2. The urinary excretion of total anthocyanins differed significantly and amounted to0.18% (red wine) and0.23% (red grape juice) of the administered dose. Additionally, the plasmatic antioxidant activity increased to higher levels after juice ingestion compared to wine. The intestinal absorption of the anthocyanins of red grape juice seemed to be improved compared to red wine, suggesting a possible synergistic effect of the glucose content of the juice. The improved absorption resulted in an enhanced plasmatic bioactivity.

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Bioavailability of anthocyanidin-3-glucosides following consumption of red wine and red grape juice

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y03-038 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

pp. 423-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Thomas Frank ◽

Michael Netzel ◽

Gabriele Strass ◽

Roland Bitsch ◽

Irmgard Bitsch

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Red Wine ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Relative Bioavailability ◽

Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽

Total Anthocyanins ◽

Urine Concentrations ◽

Red Grape Juice ◽

Excretion Rates ◽

Red Grape

Pharmacokinetic parameters and the bioavailability of several dietary anthocyanins following consumption of red wine and red grape juice were compared in nine healthy volunteers. They were given a single oral dose of either 400 mL of red wine (279.6 mg total anthocyanins) or 400 mL of red grape juice (283.5 mg total anthocyanins). Within 7 h, the urinary excretion of total anthocyanins was 0.23 and 0.18% of the administered dose following red grape juice and red wine ingestion, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters derived from plasma and urine concentrations exhibited higher variability after ingestion of red grape juice. Compared to red grape juice anthocyanins, the relative bioavailability of red wine anthocyanins was calculated to be 65.7, 61.3, 61.9, 291.5, 57.1, and 76.3% for the glucosides of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin, petunidin, and its sum (referred to as total anthocyanins), respectively. Bioequivalence was established for none of the anthocyanins. On a low level, urinary excretion of anthocyanins was fast, and the excretion rates seem to exhibit monoexponential characteristics over time after ingestion of both red grape juice and red wine. Due to low bioavailability, any significant contribution of anthocyanins to health protecting properties of red wine or red grape juice seems questionable, but the clinical relevance of these findings awaits further investigation.Key words: pharmacokinetics, anthocyanins, glycosides, bioavailability, humans.

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Effects of red grape juice polyphenols in NADPH oxidase subunit expression in human neutrophils and mononuclear blood cells

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114509382148 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 102 (8) ◽

pp. 1125-1135 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Alberto Dávalos ◽

Gema de la Peña ◽

Carolina C. Sánchez-Martín ◽

M. Teresa Guerra ◽

Begoña Bartolomé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nadph Oxidase ◽

Red Wine ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Cell Types ◽

Human Neutrophils ◽

Superoxide Anion Production ◽

Oxidase Subunit ◽

Subunit Expression ◽

Red Grape Juice ◽

Red Grape

The NADPH oxidase enzyme system is the main source of superoxide anions in phagocytic and vascular cells. NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide generation has been found to be abnormally enhanced in several chronic diseases. Evidence is accumulating that polyphenols may have the potential to improve cardiovascular health, although the mechanism is not fully established. Consumption of concentrated red grape juice, rich in polyphenols, has been recently shown to reduce NADPH oxidase activity in circulating neutrophils from human subjects. In the present work we studied whether red grape juice polyphenols affected NADPH oxidase subunit expression at the transcription level. For this, we used human neutrophils and mononuclear cells from peripheral blood, HL-60-derived neutrophils and the endothelial cell line EA.hy926.Superoxide production was measured with 2′7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate or lucigenin, mRNA expression by real-time RT-PCR and protein expression by Western blot. Each experiment was performed at least three times. In all cell types tested, red grape juice, dealcoholised red wine and pure polyphenols decreased superoxide anion production. Red grape juice and dealcoholised red wine selectively reduced p47phox, p22phox and gp91phox expression at both mRNA and protein levels, without affecting the expression of p67phox. Pure polyphenols, particularly quercetin, also reduced NADPH oxidase subunit expression, especially p47phox, in all cell types tested. The present results showing that red grape juice polyphenols reduce superoxide anion production provide an alternative mechanism by which consumption of grape derivatives may account for a reduction of oxidative stress associated with cardiovascular and/or inflammatory diseases related to NADPH oxidase superoxide overproduction.

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Malvidin-3-glucoside bioavailability in humans after ingestion of red wine, dealcoholized red wine and red grape juice

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s003940170011 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 113-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 161

Author(s):

Achim Bub ◽

Bernhard Watzl ◽

Daniel Heeb ◽

Gerhard Rechkemmer ◽

Karlis Briviba

Keyword(s):

Red Wine ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Red Grape Juice ◽

Red Grape

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Effects of Various Clarification Treatments on Anthocyanins, Color, Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity of Red Grape Juice

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129321 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 129321

Author(s):

Sevgin Dıblan ◽

Mehmet Özkan

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Red Grape Juice ◽

Red Grape

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Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Eight Mediterranean Fruit Juices

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2016.9.3.5 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 3299-3304

Author(s):

Nour Al Asaad ◽

Dima Al Diab

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Fruit Juices ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Red Grape Juice ◽

Red Grape ◽

Mulberry Juice

Antioxidants play an important role in health and disease by reducing oxidative damage. In this study, eight local Mediterranean fruit juices (orange, grapefruit, blackberry, black mulberry, black sweet cherry, strawberry, pomegranate and red grape) were assessed for their total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. These fruits are known for their health effects and antioxidant properties which can be attributed to their phenolic compounds. Total phenolic content was determined according to Folin-Ciocalteu method. The highest in content was black mulberry juice with amounts from 4.24 gGAE/Ljuice to 11.03 gGAE/Ljuice, while the lowest was red grape juice with amounts from 0.35 gGAE/Ljuice to 0.64 gGAE/Ljuice. Antioxidant activity was subsequently determined using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and reducing power assay. Black mulberry juice had the highest antioxidant activity, while red grape juice had the lowest antioxidant activity. The study indicates that black mulberry juice is the richest source of phenolic compounds and provides the highest antioxidant potential compared with other fruit juices in this study

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Urinary Excretion of Anthocyanins Following Consumption of Strawberry and Red Grape Juice

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000546 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (1-2) ◽

pp. 29-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yana Cahyana ◽

Michael H. Gordon ◽

Trevor M. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Intervention Study ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Human Intervention ◽

Red Grapes ◽

Human Intervention Study ◽

Red Grape Juice ◽

Red Grape

Abstract. The excretion of anthocyanins in urine following consumption of a mixed juice prepared from strawberry and red grape juice was investigated in a human intervention study. Unmetabolised anthocyanins, and glucuronide derivatives have been detected, with pelargonidin-3 glucoside metabolised into pelargonidin monoglucuronide and pelargonidin-3-glucoside monoglucuronide. The mass of urinary anthocyanins excreted in 24 h following consumption of the mixed juice (containing 21.93 mg of anthocyanins) was 144 nmol consisting of 106 nmol of anthocyanins derived from strawberries (0.32% of ingested dose) and 38 nmol derived from red grapes (0.22% of ingested dose). A higher proportion of delphinidin–3-glucoside was excreted in the unmetabolised form than less polar anthocyanins (at p ≤ 0.05). Excretion of anthocyanins peaked between 2 and 4 h following consumption of the juice. The proportion of the ingested anthocyanins excreted was not significantly different for strawberry and red grape anthocyanins despite the differences in the structures.

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Comparing the Effect of Grape Fermentative Product and Fresh Red Grape Juice on Antioxidant Biomarkers of Liver Mitochondria Isolated From Rats in Vitro

Research in Molecular Medicine ◽

10.32598/rmm.9.1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

Amir Keshavarzi ◽

◽

Akram Ranjbar ◽

Nejat Kheiripour ◽

Ali Ghaleiha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rat Liver ◽

Red Wine ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Liver Mitochondria ◽

Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽

Isolated Mitochondria ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

Red Grape Juice ◽

Red Grape

Background: Mitochondria are a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and several natural compounds are used as antioxidant agents. This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of fresh grape juice red wine on oxidative stress biomarkers in rat liver mitochondria. Materials and Methods: In this regard, mitochondria were isolated from the liver of 27 male Wistar rats (220-250 g). The isolated mitochondria were cultured in different doses of red wine and fresh red grape juice for 24, 48, and 72 h. After treatment, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, total thiol groups, and catalase activity were determined in the isolated mitochondria of the rat liver. Results: The results confirmed the oxidant/antioxidant effects of red wine and fresh red grape juice at different times. Conclusion: According to the results, the fresh red grape juice showed higher antioxidant properties than red wine in the liver mitochondrial samples.

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Comparison of Flow Injection-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS for the Determination of Ochratoxin A

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13080547 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 547

Author(s):

Kai Zhang

Keyword(s):

Ochratoxin A ◽

Flow Injection ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Tandem Mass ◽

Triple Quadrupole ◽

On Line ◽

Red Grape Juice ◽

Red Grape

Two methods for measuring ochratoxin A in corn, oat, and grape juice were developed and compared. Flow injection (FI) and on-line liquid chromatography (LC) performances were evaluated separately, with both methods using a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) for quantitation. Samples were fortified with 13C uniformly labeled ochratoxin A as the internal standard (13C-IS) and prepared by dilution and filtration, followed by FI- and LC-MS/MS analysis. For the LC-MS/MS method, which had a 10 min run time/sample, recoveries of ochratoxin A fortified at 1, 5, 20, and 100 ppb in corn, oat, red grape juice, and white grape juice ranged from 100% to 117% with RSDs < 9%. The analysis time of the FI-MS/MS method was <60 s/sample, however, the method could not detect ochratoxin A at the lowest fortification concentration, 1 ppb, in all tested matrix sources. At 5, 20, and 100 ppb, recoveries by FI-MS/MS ranged from 79 to 117% with RSDs < 15%. The FI-MS/MS method also had ~5× higher solvent and matrix-dependent instrument detection limits (0.12–0.35 ppb) compared to the LC-MS/MS method (0.02–0.06 ppb). In the analysis of incurred corn and oat samples, both methods generated comparable results within ±20% of reference values, however, the FI-MS/MS method failed to determine ochratoxin A in two incurred wheat flour samples due to co-eluted interferences due to the lack of chromatographic separation.

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