scholarly journals An Investigation Into the Accuracy of the Vector Method by Comparison With ECP Measurements

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shimizu ◽  
J. Harase ◽  
K. Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Pole Figure ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Vector Method ◽  
Inversion Result ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Actual Orientation ◽  
Good Agreement

In an attempt to investigate the accuracy of the vector method for crystal texture analysis, a comparison has been made between the inversion result of the pole figure made by X-ray studies using the VM and the inversion result of the pole figure made by ECP. A comparison has been made between the inversion by the pole figure generated by direct measurement of orientations by ECP and the actual orientation distribution (measured by ECP) displayed in the same mode. The materials studied were recrystallized Fe–3% Si and Fe–50% Ni. The main findings were:• In the mean intensities of each individual Box, the inversion results of pole figures made from orientations determined by ECP were in good agreement with the inversion from (100) pole figures made by X-ray or actual orientation distribution (made by ECP) displayed in the same mode as the vector method.• For Fe–3% Si, quite a good agreement was obtained between the results inverted from X-ray pole figure and the direct measurement by ECP for the intensity distribution of minor texture component along ζ angle. It was concluded from these investigations that the inversion of the pole figure by the vector method is accurate enough for most practical purposes.

Preferred crystallographic orientation in mature and juvenile wood

2007 ◽  
Vol 222 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan T. Bonarski ◽  
Wieslaw Olek
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
The Mean

Investigations of the crystallograpically organized regions of mature and juvenile Scots pine wood were performed. Experimental methods of X-ray diffraction were applied. Incomplete pole figures were measured, in order to calculate the orientation distribution function. The differences in the texture of the mature and juvenile wood were determined. The traditional concept of the mean microfibril angle was enhanced by developing the misorientation parameters. Evident differences in the space arrangement of cellulose of the both zones of wood were identified and described.

Textures Applied to Mechanical Processing Technology Assessment in Ancient Bronze

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 719-724
Author(s):  
R.E. Bolmaro ◽  
B. Molinas ◽  
E. Sentimenti ◽  
A.L. Fourty
Keyword(s):  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanical Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Microscopic Inspection

Some ancient metallic art craft, utensils, silverware and weapons are externally undistinguishable from modern ones. Not only the general aspect and shape but also some uses have not changed through the ages. Moreover, when just some small pieces can be recovered from archaeological sites, the samples can not easily be ascribed to any known use and consequently identified. It is clear that mechanical processing has changed along history but frequently only a "microscopic" inspection can distinguish among different techniques. Some bronze samples have been collected from the Quarto d’Altino (Veneto) archaeological area in Italy (paleovenetian culture) and some model samples have been prepared by a modern artisan. The sample textures have been measured by X-ray Diffraction techniques. (111), (200) and (220) pole figures were used to calculate Orientation Distribution Functions and further recalculate pole figures and inverse pole figures. The results were compared with modern forging technology results. Textures are able to discern between hammering ancient techniques for sheet production and modern industrial rolling procedures. However, as it is demonstrated in the present work, forgery becomes difficult to detect if the goldsmith, properly warned, proceeds to erase the texture history with some hammering post-processing. The results of this contribution can offer to the archaeologists the opportunity to take into consideration the texture techniques in order to discuss the origin (culture) of the pieces and the characteristic mechanical process developed by the ancient artisan. Texture can also help the experts when discussing the originality of a certain piece keeping however in mind the cautions indicated in this publication.

A Method for Obtaining a Quantitative Pole Figure of Stretched Rubber

1957 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Otto Renius
Keyword(s):  
Pole Figure ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Geiger Counter ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Outer Portion ◽  
Transmission Technique ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Orientation Pattern

AbstractWork at the Detroit Arsenal has shown that techniques similar to those employed for the determination of pole figures of metals can be utilized for studying organic materials such a a stretched rubber latex. The rubber, when stretched, forms a preferred orientation pattern which is proportional in intensity to the degree of elongation, and which can be used to plot a pole figure.A Geiger-counter spectrometer was used to study samples of rubber stretched 600 to 1000 per cent. Using a transmission technique, the specimens were tilted to the impinging X-ray beam in five degree increments while rotating through 360 degrees to allow the measurement of the diffracted beam from the selected atomic planes at various angles within the specimen. The intensities of the diffracted beam at these angles were plotted on a stereographic net to form the pole figures of the (002) and (012) planes of the stretched rubber. The geometry of the sample arrangements permitted the outer portion of the pole figure to be plotted from alpha angle 0 degrees to alpha angle 45 degrees.

Taking into Account the Texture Effect in the Measurement of Residual Stresses by Using the Vector Method of Texture Analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Albert Tidu ◽  
Albert Vadon ◽  
Jean-Julien Heizmann
Keyword(s):  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vector Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Texture Representation ◽  
Distribution Versus ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Texture Effect ◽  
Analytical Expressions

Crystallographic texture induces an anisotropic mechanical behavior of the poly-crystal, so that the current analysis of the macro residual stress by X-ray diffraction cannot be used, because the lattice-stram distribution versus sin2(φ) presents a non-linear behavior. In order to take into accountthe influence of the texture, several authors have proposed theoretical explanations using the orientation distribution function. Many of them use the ODF to calculate the X-ray elastic constants, another one uses Bunge's texture representation to obtain analytical expressions of the strain for textured specimens.

Elaboration on the hexagonal grid and spiral trace schemes for pole figure data collection

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Rizzie ◽  
Thomas R. Watkins ◽  
E. Andrew Payzant
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Pole Figure ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Hexagonal Grid ◽  
Equal Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Area Sampling ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Pole Figure Data

A practical description of the mathematics required to implement the hexagonal grid and spiral trace pole figure data collection schemes is presented. Applying the concepts of stereographic and equal area projections with geometry, spreadsheets were created to calculate the angular settings of the goniometer. Using the generated settings, the hexagonal grid and spiral trace schemes were programmed into the existing X-ray software and employed to collect data for a sample of aluminum foil. The resulting (111) pole figures were similar to those collected with the conventional 5°χ×5°ϕ grid. The hexagonal grid has been shown by others to reduce the number of data points and time needed to complete a pole figure, while providing equal area sampling. Although not optimized, the spiral method was also investigated as another alternative to the 5°χ×5°ϕ grid.

Quantitative X-Ray Analysis of Deformation Microtexture within Individual Grains

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 983-988
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Ermakova ◽  
Nikolay Y. Zolotorevsky ◽  
Yuri Titovets
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Orientation Distribution Function ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Single Grain ◽  
Individual Grains

The method is described which enables to determine the microtexture that is the orientation distribution within individual grains of a polycrystal. The microtexture is evaluated on the base of X-ray pole distributions measured for separate reflections, referred to as microscopic pole figures (MPF). The procedure for treatment of experimental MPF and the following computation of orientation distribution function is described in detail. Precision of the microtexture evaluation and possible ways of its improvement are discussed. As an example of the method application, orientation distribution within a single grain of aluminum polycrystal deformed by uniaxial compression up to 50% has been examined.

Influence of Cu Seed Deposition Temperature on Electroplated Cu Texture Formation in Damascene Structures

1999 ◽  
Vol 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Tang Jiang ◽  
Robert Mikkola ◽  
Richard Ortega ◽  
Volker Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Pole Figure ◽  
Seed Layer ◽  
Deposition Temperature ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
Dense Array ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Cu Film ◽  
Side Walls ◽  
Two Peaks

ABSTRACTThe deposition temperature of the PVD Cu seed layer has a critical impact on the subsequent electroplated Cu film. Sheet resistance transformation of electroplated Cu on 50°C seeded Cu was more than twice faster than on 150°C seeded Cu. X-ray pole figure analysis on a 3 mm × 3 mm dense array of 0.35 μm Cu damascene lines at spacing of 0.4 μm revealed significant grain orientation differences between directions parallel and perpendicular to the Cu lines. It was observed that for both seed process temperatures, the (111) pole figures showed a sharper texture parallel to the trench direction than to the perpendicular direction. After annealing at 450°C for 30 minutes, a (511) secondary orientation emerged and the (111) texture along the trench direction became even sharper. Perpendicular to the trench, the (111) texture split into two peaks after anneal, exhibiting near fiber texture. The deviation of the two splits from normal was 2.4° tilt towards the trench wall indicating strong interaction between trench sidewall and electrodeposited Cu inside the trench. The (111) pole figure analysis also revealed a 20% contribution of Cu growth directly from the side walls. Although the pole figure pattern of 150°C seeded sample resembles that of the 50°C seeded sample, the (111) fiber texture of a 50°C seeded sample was always stronger and sharper.

Determination of the Crystal Alignment of Pr-Fe-B Magnets Using the (105) X-Ray Pole Figure

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R.M. Castro ◽  
Hidetoshi Takiishi ◽  
Rubens Nunes de Faria Jr. ◽  
Nelson Batista de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Pole Figure ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sintered Magnets ◽  
Crystal Alignment ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Good Agreement

The crystallographic alignment of various permanent magnets has been investigated by X-ray pole figure analysis. Attempts have been made to measure the degree of alignment of these sintered magnets using the (105) reflection. It has been shown that the (105) pole figure can be used only to verify small differences in texture in magnets high degree of crystallographic alignment. A comparison between the measured and the calculated L105 index showed good agreement.

scholarly journals Comparison of Incomplete Pole-Figure Methods for Surfaces Perpendicular to Rolling, Transverse and Normal Directions

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Morris ◽  
R. E. Hook
Keyword(s):  
Pole Figure ◽  
Reference Frame ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Spherical Surface ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Surface Harmonic

Coefficients for a generalized-spherical-harmonic expansion of the crystallite orientation distribution function (ODF) through L=16 were obtained by an incomplete pole-figure method from a deep-drawing aluminum-killed sheet steel sample with surface perpendicular to the sheet-normal direction (ND). These coefficients were subsequently transformed from the RD, TD, ND reference frame to –ND, TD, RD and ND, RD, TD reference frames. Spherical-surface-harmonic expansions of incomplete {110}, {100}, and {112} pole-figures were calculated for each reference frame and used as input data to calculate ODF coefficients for each frame. The thus-calculated coefficients were transformed to the RD, TD, ND frame in each case. Series expansions of pole-figures and ODF for each frame are compared with the initial data.

scholarly journals Microtexture Characterization by EBSP in Iron and Titanium Alloys

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 165-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Penelle ◽  
T. Baudin
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Distribution Function ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Orientation Measurement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The Orientation Distribution Function (O.D.F.) calculation is usually performed using pole figures measured by X-ray or neutron diffraction. However, this kind of experimental technique does not allow to determine a total ODF since the odd terms of the series expansion are not directly accessible from pole figures. The individual orientation measurement technique can be used but it is necessary to estimate the right orientation number necessary to calculate a statistically reliable ODF. For samples at the surface, at the fifth of the thickness from the surface and at the centre of a Fe 3% Si sheet, the present study shows that only 100 orientations are sufficient to find the main components of the texture but this number must be increased by a factor 10 to evaluate with a rather good accuracy the height of the peaks. In the case of a titanium alloy so called TA6V 350 orientations appear to be sufficient.

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