The electronic origins of the “rare earth” texture effect in magnesium alloys

Although magnesium alloys are lightweight, recyclable and relatively cheap, they suffer from poor ductility. This can be improved by the addition of rare earth (RE) elements, and this is now a well-established criterion for wrought alloy design. It is notable that this behavior is largely restricted to the lanthanides, but no hypothesis is yet available to explain why other elements do not have the same effect. To answer this question, ab initio simulations of crystallographically complex boundaries have been undertaken to examine the electronic origin of the RE effect. While the electronic structure provided strong bonding between the RE elements and their Mg surroundings, local disruption in atomic arrangement at the grain boundaries was found to modify this effect. This work shows quantifiable changes in electronic structure of solutes resulting from grain boundary crystallography, and is suggested to be a contributing factor to the RE texture effect.

The electronic origins of the “rare earth” texture effect in magnesium alloys

Although magnesium alloys are lightweight, recyclable and relatively cheap, they suffer from poor ductility. This can be improved by the addition of rare earth (RE) elements, and this is now a well-established criterion for wrought alloy design. It is notable that this behavior is largely restricted to the lanthanides, but no hypothesis is yet available to explain why other elements do not have the same effect. To answer this question, ab initio simulations of crystallographically complex boundaries have been undertaken to examine the electronic origin of the RE effect. While the electronic structure provided strong bonding between the RE elements and their Mg surroundings, local disruption in atomic arrangement at the grain boundaries was found to diminish this effect. This work shows quantifiable changes in electronic structure of solutes resulting from grain boundary crystallography, and is suggested to be a contributing factor to the RE texture effect.

Crystallographic texture dependent bulk anisotropic elastic response of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V

Rapid thermokinetics associated with laser-based additive manufacturing produces strong bulk crystallographic texture in the printed component. The present study identifies such a bulk texture effect on elastic anisotropy in laser powder bed fused Ti6Al4V by employing an effective bulk modulus elastography technique coupled with ultrasound shear wave velocity measurement at a frequency of 20 MHz inside the material. The combined technique identified significant attenuation of shear velocity from 3322 ± 20.12 to 3240 ± 21.01 m/s at 45$$^\circ$$ ∘ and 90$$^\circ$$ ∘ orientations of shear wave plane with respect to the build plane of printed block of Ti6Al4V. Correspondingly, the reduction in shear modulus from 48.46 ± 0.82 to 46.40 ± 0.88 GPa was obtained at these orientations. Such attenuation is rationalized based on the orientations of $$\alpha ^\prime$$ α ′ crystallographic variants within prior columnar $$\beta$$ β grains in additively manufactured Ti6Al4V.

Research on the Visual Texture Presentation of Fabrics

This article discusses the process of repairing, optimizing and manufacturing of fabrics by 3D software, and the 3D scanned imaging theory. To present a simulated texture effect on the fabric, it needs to refer to three necessary conditions of visual texture and use the advantages of 3D software. It will be possible to form a highly simulated visual texture fabric after optimized testing.