Kinetics of Subcutaneous versus Intravenous Epoetin-Beta in Dogs, Rats and Mice

Pharmacology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bleuel ◽  
R. Hoffmann ◽  
B. Kaufmann ◽  
P. Neubert ◽  
P.-P. Ochlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epoetin Beta ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Studies of thymocytopoiesis in rats and mice. I. Kinetics of appearance of thymocytes using a direct intrathymic adoptive transfer assay for thymocyte precursors.

1986 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Goldschneider ◽  
K L Komschlies ◽  
D L Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Adoptive Transfer ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Peripheral T Cells ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Seeding Efficiency

We describe a quantitative intrathymic (i.t.) adoptive transfer system for detecting thymocyte precursor cells in rats and mice. In this system, the generation of donor-origin thymocytes is analyzed on the FACS after the injection of test cells directly into the thymus of sublethally irradiated, histocompatible, RT-7 (rat) or Ly-1 (mouse) alloantigen-disparate recipients. Like the standard i.v. adoptive transfer assays for prothymocytes, the i.t. transfer assay is time, dose, and irradiation dependent. However, unlike the i.v. assays, the i.t. assay is highly sensitive, independent of cell migration, and specific for T-lineage precursor cells. Thus, the i.t. system requires between 25- and 50-fold fewer precursor cells than do the i.v. systems to generate a given number of donor-origin thymocytes; it detects nonmigratory as well as migratory subsets of precursor cells; it detects prethymic and intrathymic precursor cells with equal facility; and it produces a discrete, self-limited wave of donor-origin thymocytes and peripheral T cells. Moreover, neither hemopoietic nor lymphopoietic stem cell chimerism occurs at extrathymic sites. Comparison of the kinetics of thymocytopoiesis in the i.t. and i.v. transfer systems suggest that the seeding efficiency of prothymocytes in the i.v. assay approximates 0.04; the lag phase of the time-response curve is not due to a delay in the entry of prothymocytes into the thymus; and the relative amount of thymocyte precursor activity in various lymphohemopoietic tissues is highest in bone marrow, lowest (or absent) in lymph node, and intermediate in spleen, blood, and thymus. Moreover, the occurrence of saturation kinetics in the dose-response curve of the i.t. system supports the hypothesis that a finite number of microenvironmental niches for prothymocytes may exist in the thymus. These initial observations will require confirmation and extension in future studies. However, based on the present findings and related observations, we anticipate that the i.t. adoptive transfer system will contribute importantly to the definitive analysis of both normal and abnormal thymocytopoiesis.

Echinostoma caproni: Kinetics of IgM, IgA and IgG subclasses in the serum and intestine of experimentally infected rats and mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Sotillo ◽  
Carla Muñoz-Antoli ◽  
Antonio Marcilla ◽  
Bernard Fried ◽  
J. Guillermo Esteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Igg Subclasses ◽  
Echinostoma Caproni ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION AND KINETICS OF 14 C-VECURONIUM IN RATS AND MICE

1987 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1044-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. WASER ◽  
H. WIEDERKEHR ◽  
A. CHANG SIN-REN ◽  
E. KAISER-SCHÖNENBERGER
Keyword(s):  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Kinetics Of

Recovery of parasites at different stages of migration following infection of rats with Schistosoma mansoni

Parasitology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Knopf ◽  
Beverly L. Mangold ◽  
G. J. Makari
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Portal Circulation ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fischer Rats ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Kinetics Of

SUMMARYThe technique of tail amputation is utilized as a method for interrupting the migration process of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula from the skin of Fischer rats infected by exposure of the tail to cercariae. The yields of schistosomula recovered from the lungs at different times post-infection are compared, using rats with or without tail amputation. Residence times of schistosomula in skin and lungs, as well as their transit time and efficiency of migration between these sites, are estimated. At least one-third of the infecting cercariae migrate from skin to lung in rats. Amputation of the tail on days 4 or 5 post-infection isolates a definable number of schistosomula in the lung and their migration to the portal circulation can be followed. The kinetics of this migration in rats and mice is compared and a significant difference is revealed.

Kinetics of accumulation of radioiodine by thyroid gland: short time intervals

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour H. Wollman ◽  
Franklin E. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Binding Process ◽  
Three Compartment Model ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Kinetics Of

The protein-bound radioiodine and radioiodide concentrations in the thyroid gland and serum radioiodide concentrations in rats and mice were measured between 3 and 16 min after injection of radioiodide. The data were compared with predictions of a simple open three-compartment model of the thyroid gland. The model generally fitted the experimental data well. The amount of radioiodine incorporated into organic binding each minute varied from one-third to twice the amount of radioiodide in the thyroid, depending on diet. The data were also compared with previously published results on duplicate sets of animals in which the formation of protein-bound iodine was acutely blocked by a goitrogen. The ability of the thyroid to maintain a concentration of radioiodide elevated above that of blood serum was much less when binding was permitted than when blocked and seems to be due to removal of thyroid radioiodide by the binding process and, in addition in the rat, by increased transport of radioiodide from thyroid to blood.

scholarly journals Distinct modes of endocytotic presynaptic membrane and protein uptake at the calyx of Held terminal of rats and mice

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Okamoto ◽  
Noa Lipstein ◽  
Yunfeng Hua ◽  
Kun-Han Lin ◽  
Nils Brose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Synaptic Membranes ◽  
Calyx Of Held ◽  
Protein Marker ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Protein Uptake ◽  
Ph Imaging ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Vesicle Proteins

Neurotransmitter is released at synapses by fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane. To sustain synaptic transmission, compensatory retrieval of membranes and vesicular proteins is essential. We combined capacitance measurements and pH-imaging via pH-sensitive vesicular protein marker (anti-synaptotagmin2-cypHer5E), and compared the retrieval kinetics of membranes and vesicular proteins at the calyx of Held synapse. Membrane and Syt2 were retrieved with a similar time course when slow endocytosis was elicited. When fast endocytosis was elicited, Syt2 was still retrieved together with the membrane, but endocytosed organelle re-acidification was slowed down, which provides strong evidence for two distinct endocytotic pathways. Strikingly, CaM inhibitors or the inhibition of the Ca2+-calmodulin-Munc13-1 signaling pathway only impaired the uptake of Syt2 while leaving membrane retrieval intact, indicating different recycling mechanisms for membranes and vesicle proteins. Our data identify a novel mechanism of stimulus- and Ca2+-dependent regulation of coordinated endocytosis of synaptic membranes and vesicle proteins.

Direct observations of radiation-enhanced transformations in glass

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
J. F. DeNatale ◽  
D. G. Howitt
Keyword(s):  
Glass Matrix ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Silicate Glasses ◽  
Phase Decomposition ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Oxygen Bubble ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Kinetics Of

The electron irradiation of silicate glasses containing metal cations produces various types of phase separation and decomposition which includes oxygen bubble formation at intermediate temperatures figure I. The kinetics of bubble formation are too rapid to be accounted for by oxygen diffusion but the behavior is consistent with a cation diffusion mechanism if the amount of oxygen in the bubble is not significantly different from that in the same volume of silicate glass. The formation of oxygen bubbles is often accompanied by precipitation of crystalline phases and/or amorphous phase decomposition in the regions between the bubbles and the detection of differences in oxygen concentration between the bubble and matrix by electron energy loss spectroscopy cannot be discerned (figure 2) even when the bubble occupies the majority of the foil depth.The oxygen bubbles are stable, even in the thin foils, months after irradiation and if van der Waals behavior of the interior gas is assumed an oxygen pressure of about 4000 atmospheres must be sustained for a 100 bubble if the surface tension with the glass matrix is to balance against it at intermediate temperatures.

Irradiation behavior of pyrolytic silicon carbide

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
R. J. Lauf
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Thermodynamics And Kinetics ◽  
Neutron Fluences ◽  
Fuel Particles ◽  
Sic Coatings ◽  
Irradiation Behavior ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Htgr Fuel

Fuel particles for the High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) contain a layer of pyrolytic silicon carbide to act as a miniature pressure vessel and primary fission product barrier. Optimization of the SiC with respect to fuel performance involves four areas of study: (a) characterization of as-deposited SiC coatings; (b) thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions between SiC and fission products; (c) irradiation behavior of SiC in the absence of fission products; and (d) combined effects of irradiation and fission products. This paper reports the behavior of SiC deposited on inert microspheres and irradiated to fast neutron fluences typical of HTGR fuel at end-of-life.

Anchoring Fibrils in Arterial Endothelium

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
A. Trillo
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Internal Elastic Lamina ◽  
Endothelial Cell Layer ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Arterial Endothelium ◽  
Elastic Lamina

There are conflicting reports regarding some fine structural details of arteries from several animal species. Buck denied the existence of a sub-endothelial space, while Karrer and Keech described a space of variable width which separates the endothelium from the underlying internal elastic lamina in aortas of aging rats and mice respectively.The present communication deals with the ultrastrueture of the interface between the endothelial cell layer and the internal elastic lamina as observed in carotid arteries from rabbits of varying ages.

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