Diagnostic Strategies in Pediatric Imaging

1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Adamsbaum ◽  
J.L. Chaussain
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies

E6 and E7 oncoproteins: Potential targets of cervical cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramarao Malla ◽  
Mohammad Amjad Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
E6 And E7 Oncoproteins ◽  
E6 And E7

: Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth leading cancer in women in the age group 15-44 globally. Experimental as well as epidemiological studies identified that type16 and 18 HPV cause 70% of precancerous cervical lesions as well as cervical cancer worldwide by bringing about genetic as well as epigenetic changes in the host genome. The insertion of the HPV genome triggers various defense mechanisms including the silencing of tumor suppressor genes as well as activation of oncogenes associated with cancer metastatic pathway. E6 and E7 are small oncoproteins consisting of 150 and 100 amino acids respectively. These oncoproteins affect the regulation of the host cell cycle by interfering with p53 and pRb. Further these oncoproteins adversely affect the normal functions of the host cell by binding to their signaling proteins. Recent studies demonstrated that E6 and E7 oncoproteins are potential targets for CC. Therefore, this review discusses the role of E6 and E7 oncoproteins in metastasis and drug resistance as well as their regulation, early oncogene mediated signaling pathways. This review also uncovers the recent updates on molecular mechanisms of E6 and E7 mediated phytotherapy, gene therapy, immune therapy, and vaccine strategies as well as diagnosis through precision testing. Therefore, understanding the potential role of E6/E7 in metastasis and drug resistance along with targeted treatment, vaccine, and precision diagnostic strategies could be useful for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Cancer of Unknown Primary: Challenges and Progress in Clinical Management

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Noemi Laprovitera ◽  
Mattia Riefolo ◽  
Elisa Ambrosini ◽  
Christiane Klec ◽  
Martin Pichler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Cancer Of Unknown Primary ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Tissue Of Origin ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Aggressive Clinical Behavior

Distant metastases are the main cause of cancer-related deaths in patients with advanced tumors. A standard diagnostic workup usually contains the identification of the tissue-of-origin of metastatic tumors, although under certain circumstances, it remains elusive. This disease setting is defined as cancer of unknown primary (CUP). Accounting for approximately 3–5% of all cancer diagnoses, CUPs are characterized by an aggressive clinical behavior and represent a real therapeutic challenge. The lack of determination of a tissue of origin precludes CUP patients from specific evidence-based therapeutic options or access to clinical trial, which significantly impacts their life expectancy. In the era of precision medicine, it is essential to characterize CUP molecular features, including the expression profile of non-coding RNAs, to improve our understanding of CUP biology and identify novel therapeutic strategies. This review article sheds light on this enigmatic disease by summarizing the current knowledge on CUPs focusing on recent discoveries and emerging diagnostic strategies.

scholarly journals Pediatric imaging

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
IK Indrajit
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Imaging

scholarly journals Amadori rearrangement products as potential biomarkers for inborn errors of amino-acid metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rianne E. van Outersterp ◽  
Sam J. Moons ◽  
Udo F. H. Engelke ◽  
Herman Bentlage ◽  
Tessa M. A. Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Ion Spectroscopy ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Amadori Rearrangement

AbstractThe identification of disease biomarkers plays a crucial role in developing diagnostic strategies for inborn errors of metabolism and understanding their pathophysiology. A primary metabolite that accumulates in the inborn error phenylketonuria is phenylalanine, however its levels do not always directly correlate with clinical outcomes. Here we combine infrared ion spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy to identify the Phe-glucose Amadori rearrangement product as a biomarker for phenylketonuria. Additionally, we find analogous amino acid-glucose metabolites formed in the body fluids of patients accumulating methionine, lysine, proline and citrulline. Amadori rearrangement products are well-known intermediates in the formation of advanced glycation end-products and have been associated with the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and ageing, but are now shown to also form under conditions of aminoacidemia. They represent a general class of metabolites for inborn errors of amino acid metabolism that show potential as biomarkers and may provide further insight in disease pathophysiology.

scholarly journals Glycomic-Based Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer: Advances and Challenges

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Francis Mugeni Wanyama ◽  
Véronique Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Cure Rates ◽  
Developed World

Ovarian cancer remains one of the most common causes of death among gynecological malignancies afflicting women worldwide. Among the gynecological cancers, cervical and endometrial cancers confer the greatest burden to the developing and the developed world, respectively; however, the overall survival rates for patients with ovarian cancer are worse than the two aforementioned. The majority of patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage when cancer has metastasized to different body sites and the cure rates, including the five-year survival, are significantly diminished. The delay in diagnosis is due to the absence of or unspecific symptoms at the initial stages of cancer as well as a lack of effective screening and diagnostic biomarkers that can detect cancer at the early stages. This, therefore, provides an imperative to prospect for new biomarkers that will provide early diagnostic strategies allowing timely mitigative interventions. Glycosylation is a protein post-translational modification that is modified in cancer patients. In the current review, we document the state-of-the-art of blood-based glycomic biomarkers for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer and the technologies currently used in this endeavor.

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