scholarly journals What Makes a 97-Year-Old Man Cycle 5,000 km a Year?

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulin Cheng ◽  
Hans Degens ◽  
Michael Evans ◽  
Shu Mei Cheng ◽  
Harri Selänne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Habitual Exercise ◽  
History Of ◽  
Active Lifestyles ◽  
Musculoskeletal Structure ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Background: The nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest issues in the study of longevity, health and successful aging. Objective: We present a 97-year-old man (I.K.) as an example of the effects of habitual exercise on the aging process. Methods: Extensive assessments included medical examinations, interviews, musculoskeletal structure, performance characteristics, cognitive function and gut microbiota composition. Results: I.K. suffers from iatrogenic hypogonadism, prostate cancer, hypothyroidism and a history of deep popliteal thrombosis. Notwithstanding, he cycles up to 5,000 km a year and participates in competitive sports. His musculoskeletal properties, athletic performance, cognitive function and gut microbiota are outstanding. Some traits even exceed those seen in middle-aged men. Conclusions: His long-term physically and intellectually active lifestyles combined with extensive social interactions have most likely contributed to his exercise capacity, despite his medical history.

scholarly journals Antibiotics at birth and later antibiotic courses: effects on gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Ainonen ◽  
Mysore V Tejesvi ◽  
Md. Rayhan Mahmud ◽  
Niko Paalanne ◽  
Tytti Pokka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
List Type ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Antibiotic Courses ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is widely used, but the evidence of the long-term effects on the gut microbiota and subsequent health of children is limited. Here, we compared the impacts of perinatal antibiotic exposure and later courses of antibiotic courses on gut microbiota. Methods This was a prospective, controlled cohort study among 100 vaginally delivered infants with different perinatal antibiotic exposures: control (27), IAP (27), postnatal antibiotics (24), and IAP and postnatal antibiotics (22). At 1 year of age, we performed next-generation sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene of fecal samples. Results Exposure to the perinatal antibiotics had a clear impact on the gut microbiota. The abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum was significantly higher in the control group, whereas the relative abundance of Escherichia coli was significantly lower in the control group. The impact of the perinatal antibiotics on the gut microbiota composition was greater than exposure to later courses of antibiotics (28% of participants). Conclusions Perinatal antibiotic exposure had a marked impact on the gut microbiota at the age of 1 year. The timing of the antibiotic exposure appears to be the critical factor for the changes observed in the gut microbiota. Impact Infants are commonly exposed to IAP and postnatal antibiotics, and later to courses of antibiotics during the first year of life. Perinatal antibiotics have been associated with an altered gut microbiota during the first months of life, whereas the evidence regarding the long-term impact is more limited. Perinatal antibiotic exposure had a marked impact on the infant’s gut microbiota at 1 year of age. Impact of the perinatal antibiotics on the gut microbiota composition was greater than that of the later courses of antibiotics at the age of 1 year.

scholarly journals Publisher Correction: Neonatal selection by Toll-like receptor 5 influences long-term gut microbiota composition

Nature ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 563 (7731) ◽  
pp. E25-E25
Author(s):  
Marcus Fulde ◽  
Felix Sommer ◽  
Benoit Chassaing ◽  
Kira van Vorst ◽  
Aline Dupont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 5 ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals The Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota Caused by Low-Dose Cadmium Aggravate the Injury of Mice Liver through Increasing Intestinal Permeability

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehao Liu ◽  
Yuhui Li ◽  
Yuhong Xia ◽  
Kaiyong Liu ◽  
Lingling Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mice Liver ◽  
Hepatic Transcriptome ◽  
Cd Exposure ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Cadmium (Cd), widely present in food and drinking water at low doses, can cause health risks. However, the mechanistic effects of long-term Cd exposure at low dose through dietary intake is poorly studied. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether the dysbiosis of gut microbiota caused by Cd at an environmental low dose can aggravate the injury of mice liver, and the possible mechanism is investigated. In order to explore the potential underlying mechanism, the analyses of the variation of gut microbiota composition, intestinal permeability, and hepatic transcriptome were conducted. Our results showed that gut microbiota was disturbed. The rise of intestinal permeability induced by the dysbiosis of gut microbiota resulted in more Cd ions accumulating in mice liver, but it could be restored partly through depleting gut microbiota by antibiotics cocktail. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that 162 genes were significantly differentially expressed including 59 up-regulated and 103 down-regulated in Cd treatment. These genes were involved in several important pathways. Our findings provide a better understanding about the health risks of cadmium in the environment.

scholarly journals Is It Time to Use Probiotics to Prevent or Treat Obesity?

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Brusaferro ◽  
Rita Cozzali ◽  
Ciriana Orabona ◽  
Anna Biscarini ◽  
Edoardo Farinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Obesity Control ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Faecal Bacteria ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

In recent years, attention has been given to the role potentially played by gut microbiota in the development of obesity. Several studies have shown that in individuals with obesity, the gut microbiota composition can be significantly different from that of lean individuals, that faecal bacteria can exert a fundamental role in modulating energy metabolism, and that modifications of gut microbiota composition can be associated with increases or reductions of body weight and body mass index. Based on this evidence, manipulation of the gut microbiota with probiotics has been considered a possible method to prevent and treat obesity. However, despite a great amount of data, the use of probiotics to prevent and treat obesity and related problems remains debated. Studies have found that the probiotic effect on body weight and metabolism is strain specific and that only some of the species included in the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera are effective, whereas the use of other strains can be deleterious. However, the dosage, duration of administration, and long-term effects of probiotics administration to prevent overweight and obesity are not known. Further studies are needed before probiotics can be rationally prescribed for the prevention or treatment of obesity. Control of the diet and environmental and life-style factors that favour obesity development remain the best solution to problems related to weight gain.

scholarly journals Long-term Paleolithic diet is associated with lower resistant starch intake, different gut microbiota composition and increased serum TMAO concentrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1845-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Genoni ◽  
Claus T. Christophersen ◽  
Johnny Lo ◽  
Megan Coghlan ◽  
Mary C. Boyce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Long Term Development of Gut Microbiota Composition in Atopic Children: Impact of Probiotics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e0137681 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. M. M. Rutten ◽  
D. M. W. Gorissen ◽  
A. Eck ◽  
L. E. M. Niers ◽  
A. M. Vlieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Campylobacter Infection Is Associated with the Species Composition of the Human Fecal Microbiota

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Dicksved ◽  
Patrik Ellström ◽  
Lars Engstrand ◽  
Hilpi Rautelin
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Abattoir Workers ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACTThe gut microbiota is essential for human health, but very little is known about how the composition of this ecosystem can influence and respond to bacterial infections. Here we address this by prospectively studying the gut microbiota composition before, during, and after naturalCampylobacterinfection in exposed poultry abattoir workers. The gut microbiota composition was analyzed with 16S amplicon sequencing of fecal samples from poultry abattoir workers during the peak season ofCampylobacterinfection in Sweden. The gut microbiota compositions were compared between individuals who became culture positive forCampylobacterand those who remained negative. Individuals who becameCampylobacterpositive had a significantly higher abundance ofBacteroides(P= 0.007) andEscherichia(P= 0.002) species than those who remained culture negative. Furthermore, this group had a significantly higher abundance ofPhascolarctobacterium(P= 0.017) andStreptococcus(P= 0.034) sequences than theCampylobacter-negative group, which had an overrepresentation ofClostridiales(P= 0.017), unclassifiedLachnospiraceae(P= 0.008), andAnaerovorax(P= 0.015) sequences. Intraindividual comparisons of the fecal microbiota compositions yielded small differences over time inCampylobacter-negative participants, but significant long-term changes were found in theCampylobacter-positive group (P< 0.005). The results suggest that the abundance of specific genera in the microbiota reduces resistance toCampylobactercolonization in humans and thatCampylobacterinfection can have long-term effects on the composition of the human fecal microbiota.IMPORTANCEStudies using mouse models have made important contributions to our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in resistance to bacterial enteropathogen colonization. The relative abundances ofEscherichia coliandBacteroidesspecies have been pointed out as important determinants of susceptibility to Gram-negative pathogens in general andCampylobacterinfection in particular. In this study, we assessed the role of the human gut microbiota in resistance toCampylobactercolonization by studying abattoir workers that are heavily exposed to these bacteria. Individuals with a certain composition of the gut microbiota became culture positive forCampylobacter. As their microbiotas were characterized by high abundances ofBacteroidesspp. andE. coli, well in line with the findings with mouse models, these bacterial species likely play an important role in colonization resistance also in humans.

scholarly journals Altered gut microbiota correlates with cognitive impairment in Chinese children with Down’s syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimeng Ren ◽  
Xinjuan Wang ◽  
Jiong Qin ◽  
Qing Mu ◽  
Shuai Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Chromosome 21 ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractDown's syndrome (DS), a common chromosomal disease caused by chromosome 21 trisomy, is the main cause of cognitive impairment in children worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbiota–gut–brain axis plays a potential role in cognitive impairment. However, data regarding gut microbiota alterations in DS patients remain scarce, especially data from children with DS. This case–control study was conducted to explore the gut microbiota composition in Chinese DS children. Additionally, the potential association between gut microbiota and cognitive function in DS was evaluated. Microbiota communities in the feces of 15 DS subjects and 15 matched controls were investigated using high-throughput Illumina Miseq sequencing targeting the V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. The relationships between gut microbiota composition and DS cognitive function scores were analyzed. The structure and richness of the gut microbiota differed between DS patients and healthy controls. The abundance of Acidaminococcaceae was decreased in DS patients. Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed increased modules related to peptidases and pyrimidine metabolism. Overall, we confirmed that gut microbiota alterations occurred in Chinese patients with DS. Additionally, the fecal microbiota was closely related to DS cognitive impairment. Larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings and to clarify the mechanisms involved. Elucidating these novel findings in the field of microbiota-gut-brain axis will provide a promising strategy for future studies of DS cognitive impairment.

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