scholarly journals Participation in Genetic Research: Amazon's Mechanical Turk Workforce in the United States and India

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan W. Groth ◽  
Ann Dozier ◽  
Margaret Demment ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
I. Diana Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk

A Convenient Solution: Using MTurk To Sample From Hard-To-Reach Populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Smith ◽  
Isaac E. Sabat ◽  
Larry R. Martinez ◽  
Kayla Weaver ◽  
Shi Xu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Special Populations ◽  
Workplace Harassment ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Hard To Reach Populations ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk

We agree with Landers and Behrend's (2015) proposition that Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) may provide great opportunities for organizational research samples. However, some groups are characteristically difficult to recruit because they are stigmatized or socially disenfranchised (Birman, 2005; Miller, Forte, Wilson, & Greene, 2006; Sullivan & Cain, 2004; see Campbell, Adams, & Patterson, 2008, for a review). These groups may include individuals who have not previously been the focus of much organizational research, such as those of low socioeconomic status; individuals with disabilities; lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) individuals; or victims of workplace harassment. As Landers and Behrend (2015) point out, there is an overrepresentation of research using “Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic” participants. It is important to extend research beyond these samples to examine workplace phenomena that are specific to special populations. We contribute to this argument by noting the particular usefulness that MTurk can provide for sampling from hard-to-reach populations, which we characterize as groups that are in the numerical minority in terms of nationwide representation. To clarify, we focus our discussion on populations that are traditionally hard to reach in the context of contemporary organizational research within the United States.

Communicating Reform: Testing an Apology for Police History as a Supplement to a Policy Communication

2021 ◽  
pp. 027507402110488
Author(s):  
Mark Benton
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Community Policing ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Policy Communication ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
Vignette Experiment

Policing in the United States has a racist history, with negative implications for its legitimacy among African Americans today. Legitimacy is important for policing's effective operations. Community policing may improve policing's legitimacy but is difficult to implement with fidelity and does not address history. An apology for policing's racist history may work as a legitimizing supplement to community policing. On the other hand, an apology may be interpreted as words without changes in practices. Using a survey vignette experiment on Amazon's Mechanical Turk to sample African Americans, this research tests the legitimizing effect of a supplemental apology for historical police racism during a community policing policy announcement. Statistical findings suggest that supplementing the communication with an apology imparted little to no additional legitimacy on policing among respondents. Qualitative data suggested a rationale: Apologies need not indicate future equitable behavior or policy implementation, with implementation itself seeming crucial for police legitimacy improvements.

scholarly journals State Control of the Interpretation of Genomic Studies and Medical Applications in the United States of America

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-344
Author(s):  
Anzhelika R Sakhipgareeva
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
State Control ◽  
Genomic Studies

This Article is devoted to the theoretical ideas about the features of state control in genomic research and medical applications in the United States of America. The purpose of this study is to examine the legal aspects of the interpretation of genomic research and medical applications in the United States of America, to study the features of the state control of medical applications, as well as companies providing services in the field of genomic research. As a result of the review, the author provides with the information about several features of the state control of the US Food and drug administration (FDA), degree of regulatory intervention in the activities of genetic research companies, identify classification of medical applications apps.

scholarly journals Counting polyamorists who count: Prevalence and definitions of an under-researched form of consensual nonmonogamy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Burleigh ◽  
Alicia Rubel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Relationship Beliefs ◽  
United States Population ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sample Weighting

Despite a growing interest in polyamory, it is unknown how many polyamorists there are in the general population. In acknowledging that the meaning of ‘polyamory’ is contested (e.g., Klesse, 2014), we estimated the prevalence of polyamory when it was defined as: 1) an identity, 2) relationship beliefs/preferences, 3) relationship status, and 4) relationship agreements. We recruited 972 individuals from Mechanical Turk and used a sample weighting procedure to approximate a representative sample of the United States population. Point prevalence estimates ranged from about 0.6% to 5%, and lifetime estimates ranged from about 2% to 23%. Thus, we estimate that there are at least 1.44 million adults in the US who count as polyamorous.

scholarly journals Source Information Affects Interpretations of the News across Multiple Age Groups in the United States

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Robert B. Michael ◽  
Mevagh Sanson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heuristic Approach ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Political Affiliation ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Source Information ◽  
News Content ◽  
News Sources ◽  
University Of Louisiana

People have access to more news from more sources than ever before. At the same time, they increasingly distrust traditional media and are exposed to more misinformation. To help people better distinguish real news from “fake news,” we must first understand how they judge whether news is real or fake. One possibility is that people adopt a relatively effortful, analytic approach, judging news based on its content. However, another possibility—consistent with psychological research—is that people adopt a relatively effortless, heuristic approach, drawing on cues outside of news content. One such cue is where the news comes from: its source. Beliefs about news sources depend on people’s political affiliation, with U.S. liberals tending to trust sources that conservatives distrust, and vice versa. Therefore, if people take this heuristic approach, then judgments of news from different sources should depend on political affiliation and lead to a confirmation bias of pre-existing beliefs. Similarly, political affiliation could affect the likelihood that people mistake real news for fake news. We tested these ideas in two sets of experiments. In the first set, we asked University of Louisiana at Lafayette undergraduates (Experiment 1a n = 376) and Mechanical Turk workers in the United States (Experiment 1a n = 205; Experiment 1b n = 201) to rate how “real” versus “fake” a series of unfamiliar news headlines were. We attributed each headline to one of several news sources of varying political slant. As predicted, we found that source information influenced people’s ratings in line with their own political affiliation, although this influence was relatively weak. In the second set, we asked Mechanical Turk workers in the United States (Experiment 2a n = 300; Experiment 2b n = 303) and University of Louisiana at Lafayette undergraduates (Experiment 2b n = 182) to watch a highly publicized “fake news” video involving doctored footage of a journalist. We found that people’s political affiliation influenced their beliefs about the event, but the doctored footage itself had only a trivial influence. Taken together, these results suggest that adults across a range of ages rely on information other than news content—such as how they feel about its source—when judging whether news is real or fake. Moreover, our findings help explain how people experiencing the same news content can arrive at vastly different conclusions. Finally, efforts aimed at educating the public in combatting fake news need to consider how political affiliation affects the psychological processes involved in forming beliefs about the news.

Perceptions Toward the Federal Flight Deck Officer Program and Willingness to Fly

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Winter ◽  
Stephen Rice ◽  
Kasey Friedenreich ◽  
Rian Mehta ◽  
Bryan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Airline Pilots ◽  
Commercial Airline ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
September 11 Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Commercial Flight ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Flight Deck

Abstract. In the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks against the United States, numerous changes were implemented to aviation security. One of those programs was the arming of commercial airline pilots with handguns while they were on duty in a flight capacity. Since its inception, the Federal Flight Deck Officer (FFDO) program has been controversial in nature. The purpose of this study was to examine participant perceptions and their willingness to fly based on whether or not the pilot of their hypothetical flight was armed and participating in the FFDO program. A sample of 812 participants was selected from both India and the United States using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk® (MTurk). In general, the findings indicate that participants were more willing to fly when their pilot was armed; however, American females indicated no significant difference between the two conditions. Affect measures were also collected from participants and suggest that the relationship between the condition and the participants’ willingness to fly was mediated by emotions. The findings of the study provide information on participants’ view of the arming of pilots and suggest that, for the most part, participants in this study seem supportive of FFDO and the arming of pilots of commercial airliners. This finding is limited to participants who take part in online human intelligence tasks through services such as MTurk, who may or may not have been a commercial flight passenger.

Other Repatriation Movements in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Weiss ◽  
James W. Springer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native American ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetics Research

In this chapter, Weiss and Springer review Native American genetics research cases. The main case examined is the genetic research conducted on the Havasupai tribe. Many tribes have since placed limits on genetics research.

scholarly journals Recruiting large online samples in the United States and India: Facebook, Mechanical Turk, and Qualtrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor C. Boas ◽  
Dino P. Christenson ◽  
David M. Glick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Targeted Sampling ◽  
Sample Average ◽  
Attitudes And Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Replication ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Political Variables

AbstractThis article examines online recruitment via Facebook, Mechanical Turk (MTurk), and Qualtrics panels in India and the United States. It compares over 7300 respondents—1000 or more from each source and country—to nationally representative benchmarks in terms of demographics, political attitudes and knowledge, cooperation, and experimental replication. In the United States, MTurk offers the cheapest and fastest recruitment, Qualtrics is most demographically and politically representative, and Facebook facilitates targeted sampling. The India samples look much less like the population, though Facebook offers broad geographical coverage. We find online convenience samples often provide valid inferences into how partisanship moderates treatment effects. Yet they are typically unrepresentative on such political variables, which has implications for the external validity of sample average treatment effects.

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