Anti-HIV Screening of Blood Donors

Introduction: Statistics on the prevalence of donor screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in Jordan are outdated. There are no studies on the prevalence of anti-HIV I/II, anti-human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and II (anti-HTLV-I/II), or anti-syphilis. Data are also lacking on the prevalence and significance of using anti-HBc screening in Jordan. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTI) among donors at King Hussein Cancer Center and compare it with neighboring countries and to evaluate the significance of screening for anti-HB core total (anti-HBc) antibodies. Methodology: A retrospective analysis covering the period from 2009 to 2013 was conducted on records of healthy donors. The number of donors was 10,101, 12,694, 13,387, 14,256, and 12,495, respectively. Donors were screened for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HIV I/II, anti-HCV, and anti-HTLV-I/II using ELISA technique, while syphilis antibodies were detected using rapid chromatographic immunoassay. Results: Among 62,933 donors, the prevalence of HBsAg was 0.52%, of anti-HBc was 6.04%, and of anti-HCV was 0.16%. None of the donors were positive for anti-HIV I/II, anti-HTLV I/II, or anti-TP. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the seroprevalence for HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV in Jordan was low compared to neighboring countries. None of the donors were confirmed positive for anti-HIV I/II, anti-HTLV I/II, or anti-TP during the studied period. This study demonstrates the importance of screening for anti-HBc to improve blood and platelet safety and stresses the need to complement it with an algorithm that qualifies reentry of anti-HBc false-positive donors.

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AIDS 1987

10.1055/s-0038-1644751 ◽

1987 ◽

Author(s):

J Desmyter

Keyword(s):

Hiv Transmission ◽

Blood Donation ◽

Central Africa ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Heterosexual Transmission ◽

Hiv Screening ◽

Western Countries ◽

Screening Assays ◽

Anti Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

AIDS virus (HIV) transmission by transfusions and blood products has been essentially halted in industrialized countries which haye introduced systematic anti-HIV screening of donations in 1985. New anti-HIV screening assays, based in part on the replacement of disrupted HIV virions by defined DNA recombinant HIV antigens, have improved specificity; sensitivity has been improved as to dectect seroconversion at an earlier stage. Confirmatory assays and (self-)exclusion of risk groups from blood donation do remain mandatory. HIVAg can be detected in some infections before antibody conversion, and HIVAg is more likely to be found in those anti-HIV positives who proceed to disease. However, there is no justification so far for routine parallel HIVAg and anti-HIV screening. There is continued uncertainty how many HIV carriers have not (yet) developed antibody, but their numbers may have been overestimated. Studies to determine how many HIV transmitters have escaped blood bank detection, and why, need to be undertaken in spite of formidable logistic difficulties.The risk of developing AIDS is now estimated at 25-50 % within 10 years after the infectious contact. It is not clear whether the risk should be estimated differently in different groups or persons. In cities in Central Africa, 5-20 % of men and women are confirmed anti-HIV positives. At least 75 % of this HIV carrier rate is due to heterosexual transmission. Heterosexual transmission has been slower in Western countries, but factors precluding slow evolution to high figures by the same route outside Africa have not been identified. Therefore, countries have no choice in advocating behaviour changes in the general population, and not only in the classical risk groups. Initial hesitations toward extended voluntary and confidential screening are dwindling. Well-conceived confidential screening may be the only way to avoid strong-armed government intervention. The latter is certain to be divisive, and is likely to be counterproductive on balance.An efficacious vaccine remains remote, but an antiviral which prolongs life by at least several months in AIDS patients, but not all of them, is now available. Zidovudine (AZT), however, is toxic and mere prolongation of life without cure will impose an additional burden on AIDS economics.A novel virus (HIV-2) has been identified and is already widespread in West-Africans. It causes AIDS, but the present ratio of AIDS cases in those infected seems lower than with HIV(-l); this feature may be transient. HIV-2 antibodies are either detected or missed by anti-HIV-1 screens; if found, they can be distinguished from anti-HIV-1 only by special confirmatory technique. New screening assays showing equal sensitivity for HIV-1 and HIV-2 in a single test should be devised. At present, HIV-2 is very rare in Western countries compared to HIV-1.

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Early detection of antibodies against rDNA-produced HIV proteins with a flow cytometric assay

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v73.7.2041.2041 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 73 (7) ◽

pp. 2041-2048 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

JJ Scillian ◽

TM McHugh ◽

MP Busch ◽

M Tam ◽

MJ Fulwyler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Recombinant Dna ◽

Homosexual Men ◽

Hiv Screening ◽

Flow Cytometric Assay ◽

Flow Cytometric ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Antibodies ◽

Serial Samples ◽

Anti Hiv

Abstract There is evidence that some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals have prolonged periods of seronegativity. A flow cytometric immunoreactive bead (IRB) assay is described for quantitative, simultaneous, and early detection of antibodies to HIV. Polystyrene beads of four diameters, each size coated with a different HIV recombinant DNA-produced protein (p24, p31, gp41, or gp120), bound anti- HIV antibodies detected with fluorescent antiglobulin. The IRB assay was performed on a panel of blood donor samples, many giving consistently false-positive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and indeterminant Western blot (WB) results. The IRB assay proved as sensitive and more specific than currently licensed EIA and WB tests. Results on serial samples from eight HIV-infected individuals indicated that quantitation of anti-p24 by IRB assay may be useful in monitoring disease progression. Sequential pre- and post-EIA seroconversion sera from 35 HIV-infected homosexual men were tested by the IRB assay using IgM- and IgG-specific fluorescent probes. All 35 cases were IRB assay positive for at least one rDNA-p either before (17 of 35, 49%) or at the time of EIA positivity. Eleven cases (31%) initially had only IgM anti-HIV, primarily to gp41 (17%). In two individuals, the IgM response was detected at least 18 months before EIA seroconversion. The IRB assay is a widely applicable analytic procedure, potentially useful in pretransfusion anti-HIV screening of blood.

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Longitudinal follow-up of blood donors found to be reactive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) by enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA+) but negative by western blot (WB-)

Transfusion ◽

10.1046/j.1537-2995.1989.29489242807.x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 365-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J Nusbacher ◽

R Naiman

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Western Blot ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Anti Hiv

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Transfusion Transmitted Infections in Patients With Hemophilia of Karachi, Pakistan

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis ◽

10.1177/1076029611398122 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 651-655 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Munira Borhany ◽

Tahir Shamsi ◽

Samsan Boota ◽

Hazrat Ali ◽

Naeem Tahir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Hemophilia A ◽

Hiv Infections ◽

Downward Trend ◽

Positive Case ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Anti Hiv

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of HCV, HBV, and HIV infections among the patients with hemophilia. Patients with Hemophilia A and B were evaluated who visited hospital for factor replacement therapy. The viral markers tested in these patients included anti-HCV-Ab, HBsAg, and anti-HIV-Ab. Seroprevalence was compared from 5717 exchange healthy blood donors for same markers. A total of 173 multitransfused male hemophiliacs showed prevalence of 51.4% for HCV, 1.73% for HBV, and nil for HIV. In blood donors seroprevalence was 1.9% for HCV, 1.81% for HBV, while no HIV-positive case was detected. Prevalence of anti-HCV-Ab was significantly high in patients with hemophilia than normal donors ( P = .0005). This study showed that HCV infection was more frequently identified than HBV and HIV infections in multitransfused hemophiliacs. The frequency of hepatitis C among blood donors is also higher than that of hepatitis B which is showing downward trend.

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