Tuberculosis in Korea during the Japanese Occupation in World War II

This Article brings a Tamil-speaking Chettiar widow and a Dutch scholar of international law - two seemingly disparate characters - together through a footnote. Set against the background of decolonizing South and Southeast Asia in the aftermath of World War Two, it follows the judgment in a little-known suit for recovery of debt, filed at a district-level civil court in Madras in British India, which escaped the attention of local legal practitioners, but made its way into an international law treatise compiled and written in Utrecht, twenty years later. Instead of using it to trace how South Asian judiciaries interpreted international law, the Article looks at why claims to international law were made by ordinary litigants like Chettiar women in everyday cases like debt settlements, and how they became “evidence” of state practice for international law. These intertwined itineraries of law, that take place against the Japanese occupation of Burma and the Dutch East Indies and the postwar reconstruction efforts in Rangoon, Madras and Batavia, show how jurisdictional claims made by ordinary litigants form an underappreciated archive for histories of international law. In talking about the creation and circulation of legal knowledges, this Article argues that this involves thinking about and writing from footnotes, postscripts and marginalia - and the lives that are intertwined in them.

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French Far Eastern Policy in the 1930s

Modern Asian Studies ◽

10.1017/s0026749x00011434 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 117-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John F. Laffey

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Fundamental Problem ◽

Pacific War ◽

World War ◽

Japanese Occupation ◽

The Pacific ◽

Full Picture ◽

Far Eastern ◽

Shed Light

The completion in 1986 of the Documents diplomatiques français, 1932–1939 permits a review of French Far Eastern policy during that troubled time characterized by J.-B. Duroselle as ‘la décadence.’ This massive documentary collection, however, still dose not provide a full picture of the forces which shaped French East Asian policy in the years before the outbreak of the Pacific War. Understandably focused upon European developments, it begins and ends, from the Far Eastern perspective, in medias res; that is, after the outbreak of the Manchurian crisis and before the Japanese occupation of Indochina. Moreover, like other compilations of what statesmen and diplomats said to each other, this one slights economic factors and, though to a lesser extent, the role of public opinion. Even taken in their own terms, the documents perhaps reveal more about what others said and did to the French than about what they themselves accomplished. That points to a more fundamental problem, for one can question whether anything so gelatinous as the French responses or lack thereof to developments largely beyond their control can even be described as ‘policy.’ Still, although much more work in archives and private papers will be necessary before the entire story can be pieced together, these documents do shed light on what passed for French policy in East Asia during the years before the outbreak of World War II.

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JAPANESE DEFENSE MODEL IN LUMAJANG AND JEMBER, EAST JAVA: TYPOLOGY AND DIRECTION TARGET

Berkala Arkeologi ◽

10.24832/berkalaarkeologi.v35i2.63 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 153

Author(s):

Muhammad Chawari

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Water Tank ◽

World War ◽

Japanese Occupation ◽

The World ◽

Defense Model

This paper is based on research conducted by Yogyakarta Archaeological Center in 2013 with the theme of the Japanese Defense Facilities In The World War II in Lumajang and Jember. The research is an effort to disclose the typology of Japanese defense facilities well astheir coverage in both locations. At both locations have been identified 43 objects from the era of Japanese occupation, consisted of bunker (40 objects), cave (2 objects), and water tank (1 object). Among them, 38 objects commanded the sea traffic, 4 objects commanded land routes, and 1 object is unknown.

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World War II and the Creation of Asian Communist States

The Rise and Demise of World Communism ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0018 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 117-125

Author(s):

George W. Breslauer

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Civil War ◽

Communist Party ◽

Socialist Revolution ◽

World War ◽

Japanese Occupation ◽

Guerrilla War ◽

Peasant Society ◽

Revolutionary Violence ◽

Communist Movement

Mao’s formula for coming to power differed from the Bolshevik pathway. It entailed a peasant-based guerrilla war that helped to defeat Japanese occupation and that went on to defeat the Nationalist forces, led by Chiang Kai-shek, in conventional warfare after World War II was over. There were many differences between the Maoist and Soviet models of revolution, but there were also many similarities in the willingness to attempt a “socialist” revolution in a peasant society, in the glorification of revolutionary violence, in the determination to ensure that the communist party monopolizes power and politics after winning the civil war, in the determination to build socialism thereafter, and in the commitment to anti-imperialist struggle within a world communist movement led by Moscow.

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Abdul Rahman Baswedan and the Emancipation of the Hadramis in Indonesia

Asian Journal of Social Science ◽

10.1163/1568531043584836 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 373-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Huub de Jonge

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

World War Ii ◽

Coming Out ◽

World War ◽

Japanese Occupation ◽

East Indies ◽

Constant State ◽

History Of ◽

Dutch East Indies

AbstractThe journalist and politician Abdul Rahman Baswedan has played a prominent role in the emancipation of the Indonesian Hadhramis and in the integration of the Hadhrami minority into the wider Indonesian society. During the early decades of the twentieth century, the comparatively small, and for outsiders relatively closed, community was in a constant state of dissension and confusion. It was divided by tensions that can be reduced to differences between the Hadhrami culture and the Indonesian cultures, and between loyalty to Hadhramaut, the region of their origin, and the country in which they were looking for a livelihood. It was only in the years leading up to World War II that the idea of being an Indonesian gained significance in these circles, not least of all thanks to Baswedan's efforts in this respect. This article examines Baswedan's childhood and school years in an Arab quarter, his journalistic training and political maturation, and his gradual realization that he belonged to a community that had no perception of its future identity. His "coming out" as an Indonesian; and his activities during the nationalist period, the Japanese occupation, and the years after independence in striving to break down the relative isolation of his Hadhrami compatriots will also be analyzed. Baswedan's life and career form a unique entry in the history of the problems that the Hadhrami community has experienced, both in the Dutch East Indies and in Indonesia.

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Tropical War Stories: Preserving Oral Histories from World War II Borneo

eTropic electronic journal of studies in the tropics ◽

10.25120/etropic.15.2.2016.3544 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Janet E Marles ◽

Maslin Bin Haji Jukim ◽

Frank Dhont

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Historical Record ◽

Historical Narrative ◽

World War ◽

Japanese Occupation ◽

Written Narratives ◽

Historical Texts ◽

Brunei Darussalam ◽

Language Groups ◽

Written Sources

Traditional historical texts predominantly rely on written sources, yet oral accounts add specificity and personal depth to written narratives, particularly where written sources are sparse or unable to provide a comprehensive account of an era. This paper describes a video archive from the tropical island of Borneo. Created with graduate students from Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam across diverse language groups, this oral history project provides an archival database of first person interviews with witnesses to the Japanese occupation of Malaysian Borneo during World War II. These stories add texture and nuance to the current historical narrative, particularly for young Borneans unaware of the turbulent experiences their forebears endured during that period. The archive contributes in many unique ways to the traditional historical record and offers numerous opportunities for further<br />research.

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Part V Case Studies, 43 Visiting Forces in Korea

10.1093/law/9780198808404.003.0043 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kim Hyun ◽

Timm Donald A

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Case Studies ◽

Korean Peninsula ◽

World War ◽

Japanese Occupation ◽

Enforcement Action ◽

Civil Authority ◽

Primary Focus ◽

Modern Era ◽

Autonomous Republic

This chapter looks at the development of the law of visiting forces in Korea. This law begins in the aftermath of World War II, with the liberation of the Korean peninsula from Japanese occupation since 1910. However, the winding down of that war, the establishment of an interim civil authority, and the transition from that authority to the sovereign and autonomous Republic of Korea, were probably in and of themselves not that extraordinary from the worldwide perspective. The true beginning of the modern era of visiting forces—the primary focus of this chapter—came with the invasion of the fledgling Republic by forces of its co-inhabitant on the peninsula on 25 June 1950. This act resulted in an enforcement action by the UN, which ultimately saw the forces of sixteen member states deployed in Korea under the UN flag.

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Christianity in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

International Bulletin of Mission Research ◽

10.1177/2396939320968006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 239693932096800

Author(s):

Emily DeWitt

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

First Century ◽

Mariana Islands ◽

World War ◽

Japanese Occupation ◽

Northern Mariana Islands ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

The Pacific ◽

Twenty First Century

This article documents the spread of Christianity throughout the Pacific, with a focus on the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). The project begins first with the pre-Christian Pacific, narrowing in on the pre-Christian CNMI, and follows the arrival and establishment of Christianity into the twenty-first century, noting the Spanish, German, and Japanese occupation of the islands and World War II. Through investigating secondary sources and conducting interviews with current leaders of churches of various denominations in the CNMI, I explore the ways in which Christianity has developed and grown since the time of its introduction to the islands.

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