Species composition and distribution of the genus Liquidambar L. (ALTINGIACEAE) in Ukraine

A screening of 50 institutions (botanical gardens, arboretums, parks, squares) was conducted with a view to study of species composition and the distribution of genus Liquidambar L. (ALTINGIACEAE) in Ukrainia. L. styraci- flua L. was recorded — in 26 botanical gardens, parks, squares etc; L. formosana Hanse — in 2 botanical gardens; decorative forms L. styraciflua 'Variegata pendula' — in one arboretum; L. styraciflua 'Worplesdon'; — in landscaping of the city park; L. styracifluа ‘Pasquali’ — in landscaping of the city park. Distribution of the species L. orientalis Mill. and L. acalicina Hang N. Chang need more research. Positive experience of using representatives Liquidambar genus registered in the following regions of Ukraine: Zakarpattia, Ternopil, Lviv, Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv, Cherkasy, Chernivtsi, Kharkiv, Donetsk areas, Autonomous Republic Crimea. So, it is perspective using representatives of the Liquidambar genus in landscape construction for group creations, single location іn parks, squares, zoos, forest parks, for landscaping streets, boulevards, squares, near houses territories, administrative buildings, private gardens, in exposition of botanical gardens and arboretums.

NORTH OSSETIA IN THE SYSTEM OF THE SOVIET STATEHOOD: THE CONSTITUTION OF THE NOASSR OF 1978

В статье предлагается анализ Конституции Северо-Осетинской АССР 1978 г., отразившей этап развития ее государственности в советский период. Научное осмысление правовых аспектов истории Северной Осетии в статусе автономной республики, анализ ее места и роли в системе советской государственности во многом объясняет противоречия в реализации органами государственной власти республики функций политического самоуправления в эпоху «застоя» и «кризиса социализма». Анализ показывает, что декретированный ранней советской властью национальный суверенитет народов, населяющих советскую Россию, не нашел правового подтверждения в Конституции СССР 1977 г., на основе и в соответствии с которой были разработаны и приняты Конституции РСФСР и входящих в нее автономных республик, в том числе и СОАССР. Фиксация статуса автономной республики в качестве государственного образования без признания ее государственного суверенитета ограничивало пределы компетенции республиканских органов власти и управления и ставило их в фактическую зависимость от вышестоящих властно-управленческих структур даже в решении вопросов, отнесенных к ведению автономной республики. Все это вместе взятое превращало автономную республику в «квазигосударственное образование», высшие государственные органы которой действовали в режиме «местной власти». Противоречивые конституционные положения 1977-1978 гг., закрепленные в Основных законах СССР, РСФСР и СОАССР, стали одним из факторов деструкции советской власти и социалистической системы и последующего затем «парада суверенитетов» бывших автономных образований в пределах РСФСР. The article analyzes the 1978 Constitution of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which reflected the stage of development of its statehood relevant to the Soviet period. Scientific comprehension of the legal aspects of the history of North Ossetia in the status of an autonomous republic, an analysis of its place and role within the system of the Soviet statehood largely accounts for the contradictions in the implementation by the republican state institutions of the functions of political self-government in the era of "stagnation" and "crisis of socialism". Analysis shows that the national sovereignty of the peoples inhabiting Soviet Russia, that was decreed by the early Soviet government, did not find legal confirmation in the USSR Constitution of 1977, on the basis and in accordance with which the Constitution of the RSFSR and its autonomous republics, including NOASSR, were elaborated and adopted. Fixing the status of the autonomous republic as a state entity without recognizing its state sovereignty limited the competence of the republican authorities and made them in fact dependent on the higher power structures even in resolving issues attributed to the jurisdiction of the autonomous republic. All this taken together turned the autonomous republic into a "quasi-state entity", the highest state bodies of which operated in the regime of "local power". Contradictory constitutional provisions of 1977-1978, enshrined in the Fundamental Laws of the USSR, RSFSR and NOASSR, became one of the factors of the destruction of the Soviet power and the socialist system and the subsequent “parade of sovereignties” of the former autonomous entities within the RSFSR.

MARKING THE CENTENARY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE YAKUT ASSR

Over the hundred years since the establishment of the Yakut ASSR, the Government of the Republic has established many awards, but the 15 Years of the ASSR badge is one of the first highest awards of the Autonomous Republic.

Creation of Komi Autonomy as a result of the national policy of the Bolsheviks

Basic aspects of history of creation of the Komi Autonomy are considered. It is noted that in the beginning of 20th century the territory of modern Republic of Komi was divided between four provinces, but Ust-Sysolsk was perceived as the informal centre of the Komi land. It is elucidated that in 1918 Komi politician D. Ya. Popov suggested to proclaim Komi Autonomy, and this idea was carried out in 1921 when the Komi Autonomous Region was formed. It is shown that D. A. Batiev made the major contribution to this process. It is noted that the majority of Komi politicians supported the creation of autonomous republic, but the Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed only in 1936. It is revealed that the territory of the Komi Autonomy was repeatedly changed.

Ethnopolitical views of Grigory Ivanovich Borisov (Stary)

Grigory Ivanovich Borisov, party alias Stary (Old) was born in the Bendery district of Bessarabia on December 9, 1880. He was forced to work from the age of seven. Since 1900, G. I. Stary took part in the revolutionary movement. For active participation in clandestine activities, he was repeatedly arrested by the police and served sentences in various prisons of tsarist Russia. G. I. Stary made a great contribution to the creation and development of the Moldovan ASSR. In 1924, he was appointed chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee of the Autonomous Republic. Then G. I. Stary was elected chairman of the Central Executive Committee. In 1926–1928 and 1932–1937, he worked as chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars of the MASSR. Contemporaries assessed his position on the issue of “Moldovans or Romanians” as ambivalent. G. I. Stary denied accusations of opposing the indigenous policy: “It is wrong that I am against Moldovanization. I only take into account the difficulties, and this is taken as resistance”. He was repressed in 1937 and rehabilitated in 1955. The article was written on the basis of materials from the Soviet secret police (NKVD) archive.

Folklorist Paul Chior: biography pages

The article presents the biography of the folklorist Pavel Chior, the chief architect of the new Soviet Moldovan culture in the interwar years. He was one of the party and state leaders in of the Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: secretary of the Komsomol of the Autonomous Republic, editor of the republican newspaper “Plugarul Rosu” (“The red ploughman”), People’s Commissar of Education of the MASSR, head of the Moldovan Scientific Committee, precursor of the Moldovan Academy of Sciences, one of the founders of the Writers’ Union of the Moldovan ASSR. Pavel Chior devoted great attention to folk art. He published a number of scientific works that have maintained their significance to this day: Zicători moldoveneşti, (Moldovan proverbs), Cîntece moldoveneşti norodnice (Moldovan folk songs), etc. This article is written on the basis of previously published scientific papers. New archival materials are also used.

Language and Education Policies Based on National/Plurilingual Identity in Autonomous Republics: A Case Study of the Gagauzia Autonomous Region

Autonomous Republics, although situated within the borders of a state, have the right to govern themselves within their own borders. The most concrete indicator of a state’s autonomy is its flag, its national language, its national culture and its national education. In this context, the language and education policies come into play in the building of a new political union and a national identity. For example, Gagauzia (or Gagauzia Autonomous Region), which was shaped by many historical periods from the Ottoman Empire (from the 16th century until 1812) to the Russian Empire (1721-1917) and to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922-1991), is nowadays within the borders of the Republic of Moldova. It is an autonomous republic with the right to self-government. This paper aims to analyze the language and education policies determined and applied for the Gagauz Turks in Moldova. It is possible to argue that there is a relationship between the notions of “autonomous republic” and “language and education policy.” In the autonomous republic, this policy will be described as a policy-based not only on the national identity, but also the plurilingualism.

Regulatory and Legal Provision of Alternative Sources of Energy as a Component of the Energy Sector of the Economy

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of regulatory and legal support of alternative energy sources as a component of the energy sector of the economy. It is proved that the military actions in Donbass, the temporary occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the global pandemic caused by the coronavirus and a number of secondary causes were the result of the first manifestations of the economic crisis in Ukraine. It is concluded that it is important for Ukraine now to provide state support to electricity producers from alternative energy sources on a competitive basis, namely through auctions and tenders.

Solar Energy Resources of Nakhchivan

The presented article examines the issues of energy security of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, which is an integral part of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the use of renewable energy in its provision. For this purpose, the solar energy resources of the Autonomous Republic were studied. The study used theoretical, computational, observational and comparative analysis methods to estimate solar energy as a renewable energy resource. The main source for assessing the potential of solar energy of the Autonomous Republic — experimental and observation materials of the USSR Hydrometeorological Committee on the Republic of Azerbaijan and NAR for 1960–1980, the results of researches of the Institute of Geography of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences for 1936–1950, Nakhchivan AR experimental-observation materials of the Hydrometeorological Center for 1995–2015, static indicators of Nakhchivan Solar Power Plant for 2016–2017, as well as the results of theoretical and computational research were used. As a result of the study, it was determined that the annual value of total radiation (Q) in the horizontal area was 7541 and 6204 MC/m2, respectively, in the clear and medium cloudy sky. At the same time, the average annual transparency coefficient was 0.8229, 0.811 in winter and 0.897 in summer. The annual value of total radiation (Q) of the horizontal field in the territory of the NAR is higher than in other regions of the country, and the coefficient of transparency of the atmosphere is higher than in other regions, too. At the same time, the duration of solar radiation in the NAR is high and is 2792 hours. Formulas have been proposed to calculate the value of solar radiation falling on a horizontal surface on the basis of many years of experimental and observational materials. Using these calculation formulas, it is possible to calculate the total solar radiation on the horizontal surface for any area of the NAR.

New records of solitary vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Masarinae and Eumeninae s. l.) from the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan

An account on 35 species in the family Vespidae (subfamilies Masarinae, Eumeninae s. str., and Raphiglossinae) is presented. Genera Jugurtia de Saussure, 1854, Quartinia André, 1884, Brachypipona Gusenleitner, 1967, and Cyrtolabulus van der Vecht, 1969, as well as 17 species and one subspecies are new to Azerbaijan. Three additional species are new to the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic; the records of nine species confirm previous doubtful reports from the territory of the autonomy. One species is excluded from the fauna of Azerbaijan. New synonymies are proposed: Antepipona orbitalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1839) = A. orbitalis ballioni (Morawitz, 1867), syn. nov.; A. varentzowi (Morawitz, 1895) = A. laevigata (Blüthgen, 1951), syn. nov.; Euodynerus disconotatus (Lichtenstein, 1884) = E. disconotatus sulfuripes (Morawitz, 1885), syn. nov. = E. disconotatus laniensis Giordani Soika, 1979, syn. nov.; E. semisaecularis (von Dalla Torre, 1889) = E. semisaecularis macedonicus (Blüthgen, 1951), syn. nov.; Gymnomerus laevipes (Shuckard, 1837) = G. laevipes scandinavus (de Saussure, 1856), syn. nov.; Odynerus albopictus de Saussure, 1856 = O. albopictus calcaratus (Morawitz, 1885), syn. nov. = O. albopictus kazakhstanicus Kurzenko, 1977, syn. nov. Hitherto unknown males of Brachyodynerus kusdasi Gusenleitner, 1967 and Brachypipona orientalis Gusenleitner, 2004 are described. The number of species of solitary Vespidae known from the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan is increased to 91, with one additional subspecies which requires a revision. A preliminary list of these wasps of the whole Azerbaijan is presented; it contains 107 identified species and one additional subspecies.