scholarly journals Clostridium Tyrobutyricum Protect Intestinal Barrier Function from LPS-Induced Apoptosis via P38/JNK Signaling Pathway in IPEC-J2 Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1779-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiping Xiao ◽  
Lujie Liu ◽  
Wenjing Tao ◽  
Xun Pei ◽  
Geng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Clostridium Tyrobutyricum ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Jnk Signaling ◽  
Junction Proteins

Background/Aims: The intestinal mucosa forms a physical and metabolic barrier against the diffusion of pathogens, toxins, and allergens from the lumen into the circulatory system. Early weaning, a critical phase in swine production, can compromise intestinal barrier function through mucosal damage and alteration of tight junction integrity Maintenance of intestinal barrier function plays a pivotal role in optimum gastrointestinal health. In this study, we investigated the effects of Clostridium tyrobutyricum (C.t) on intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the underlying mechanisms involved in intestinal barrier protection. Methods: A Transwell model of IPEC-J2 cells was used to imitate the intestinal barrier. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were used to evaluate apoptosis. Real-time PCR was used to detect apoptosis-related genes and the downstream genes of the p38/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. Western blotting was used to measure the expressions of tight junction proteins and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Results: C.t efficiently maintained trans-epithelium electrical resistance values and intestinal permeability after LPS-induced intestinal barrier disruption. The expressions of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin) were promoted when IPEC-J2 cells were treated with C.t. Fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry revealed that C.t qualitatively and quantitatively inhibited LPS-induced cell apoptosis. C.t also increased the relative expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and decreased that of the apoptotic genes Bax and caspase-3/-8. Moreover, the protective effect of C.t on damaged intestinal cell models was associated with suppression of p38 and JNK phosphorylation, negative regulation of the relative expressions of downstream genes including AP-1, ATF-2, ELK-1, and p53, and activation of Stat3 expression. Conclusions: These findings indicate that C.t may promote intestinal integrity, suggesting a novel probiotic effect on intestinal barrier function.

EXPRESSION OF TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEINS IN DISEASES WITH COMPROMISED INTESTINAL BARRIER FUNCTION

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. E14
Author(s):  
Amit Tripathi ◽  
Maria Grazia Clemente ◽  
Anna Sapone ◽  
Maria Paola Musu ◽  
Stefano De Virgiliis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Junction Proteins

scholarly journals Betaine attenuates LPS-induced downregulation of Occludin and Claudin-1 and restores intestinal barrier function

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingtao Wu ◽  
Caimei He ◽  
Jie Bu ◽  
Yue Luo ◽  
Shuyuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Epithelial Barriers ◽  
Junction Proteins

Abstract Background: The intestinal epithelial barrier, which works as the first line of defense between the intestinal environment and the parasitifer, once destroyed, it will cause serious inflammation or other intestinal diseases. Tight junctions (TJs) play a vital role to maintain the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the most important inflammatory factors will downregulate specific TJ proteins including Occludin and Claudin-1 and impair integrity of the epithelial barrier. Betaine (Bet) has excellent anti-inflammatory activity but whether Bet has any effect on tight junction proteins, particularly on LPS-induced dysfunction of epithelial barriers remains unknown. Intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were used as an in vitro model, the purpose of this study is to explore the pharmacological effect of Bet on improving intestinal barrier function represented by TJ proteins.Results: The results demonstrated that Bet enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins while LPS（ 1μg /m L）downregulates the expression of these proteins. Furthermore, Bet attenuates LPS-induced decreases of tight junction proteins both shown by WB and RT-PCR. The immunofluorescent images consistently revealed that LPS induced the disruption of tight junction protein Claudin-1 and reduced its expression while Bet could reverse these alterations. Similar protective role of Bet on intestinal barrier function was observed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) approach. Conclusion: In conclusion, our research demonstrated that Bet attenuated LPS-induced downregulation of Occludin and Claudin-1 and restored the intestinal barrier function.

scholarly journals Effects of Methylmethionine Sulfonium Chloride on Activity and Tight Junction Protein Expression of Intestinal Porcine Jejunum Epithelial Cells (IPEC-J2)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Yang ◽  
Xinfeng Li ◽  
Xinlei Wang ◽  
Xin Wen ◽  
Tongtong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Junction Proteins

Background: The intestinal mucosal epithelium acts as a physical and biochemical barrier and plays an important role in regulating of barrier function and immune homeostasis. Methylmethionine sulfonium chloride (MMSC) is a multifaceted amino acid that is critical to the normal physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. The present study investigated the effects of extracellular MMSC on intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). Methods: IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mM MMSC, respectively for an additional 24 h. CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. The cell Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) method. The mRNA transcript and protein expression levels of tight junction proteins in IPEC-J2 cells were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting (WB). Result: The results showed that MMSC could stimulate IPEC-J2 cells proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis. In addition, the RT-qPCR and WB results indicated that 0.5 mM MMSC significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of tight junction proteins, including occludin, claudin-1 and zonula occludin-1 (Zo-1). These findings may provide valuable information to investigate further the possible mechanism and function of MMCS on the intestinal barrier function.

scholarly journals The role of zinc deficiency in alcohol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (5) ◽  
pp. G625-G633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhong ◽  
Craig J. McClain ◽  
Matthew Cave ◽  
Y. James Kang ◽  
Zhanxiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Junction Proteins

Disruption of the intestinal barrier is a causal factor in the development of alcoholic endotoxemia and hepatitis. This study was undertaken to determine whether zinc deficiency is related to the deleterious effects of alcohol on the intestinal barrier. Mice were pair fed an alcohol or isocaloric liquid diet for 4 wk, and hepatitis was detected in association with elevated blood endotoxin level. Alcohol exposure significantly increased the permeability of the ileum but did not affect the barrier function of the duodenum or jejunum. Reduction of tight-junction proteins at the ileal epithelium was detected in alcohol-fed mice although alcohol exposure did not cause apparent histopathological changes. Alcohol exposure significantly reduced the ileal zinc concentration in association with accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Caco-2 cell culture demonstrated that alcohol exposure increases the intracellular free zinc because of oxidative stress. Zinc deprivation caused epithelial barrier disruption in association with disassembling of tight junction proteins in the Caco-2 monolayer cells. Furthermore, minor zinc deprivation exaggerated the deleterious effect of alcohol on the epithelial barrier. In conclusion, epithelial barrier dysfunction in the distal small intestine plays an important role in alcohol-induced gut leakiness, and zinc deficiency attributable to oxidative stress may interfere with the intestinal barrier function by a direct action on tight junction proteins or by sensitizing to the effects of alcohol.

scholarly journals Dietary protocatechuic acid ameliorates inflammation and up-regulates intestinal tight junction proteins by modulating gut microbiota in LPS-challenged piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Ziyu He ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Jijun Tan ◽  
Hongfu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Junction Proteins

Abstract Background Weaning is one of the major factors that cause stress and intestinal disease in piglets. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is an active plant phenolic acid which exists in Chinese herb, Duzhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver), and is also considered as the main bioactive metabolite of polyphenol against oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PCA on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in a weaned piglet model challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Thirty-six piglets (Pig Improvement Company line 337 × C48, 28 d of age, 8.87 kg ± 0.11 kg BW) were randomly allocated into 3 treatments and fed with a basal diet (CTL), a diet added 50 mg/kg of aureomycin (AUR), or a diet supplemented with 4000 mg/kg of PCA, respectively. The piglets were challenged with LPS (10 μg/kg BW) on d 14 and d 21 by intraperitoneal injection during the 21-d experiment. Animals (n = 6 from each group) were sacrificed after being anesthetized by sodium pentobarbital at 2 h after the last injection of LPS. The serum was collected for antioxidant indices and inflammatory cytokines analysis, the ileum was harvested for detecting mRNA and protein levels of tight junction proteins by PCR and immunohistochemical staining, and the cecum chyme was collected for intestinal flora analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Dietary supplementation of PCA or AUR significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 and claudin-1 in intestinal mucosa, and decreased the serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and IL-6, as compared with CTL group. In addition, PCA also decreased the serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-α (P < 0.05). Analysis of gut microbiota indicated that PCA increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P < 0.05). Spearman’s correlation analysis at the genus level revealed that PCA reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella 9, Prevotella 2, Holdemanella, and Ruminococcus torques group (P < 0.05), and increased the relative abundance of Roseburia and Desulfovibrio (P < 0.05), whereas AUR had no significant effect on these bacteria. Conclusions These results demonstrated that both PCA and AUR had protective effect on oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal barrier function in piglets challenged with LPS, and PCA potentially exerted the protective function by modulating intestinal flora in a way different from AUR. Holdemanella

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