Levo-carnitine supplementation normalizes skeletal muscle functions in type 2 diabetic rats

Type 2 diabetes is delineated by impaired metabolic flexibility, and intramyocellular lipid accumulation, causing insulin resistance, particularly in skeletal muscle by reducing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. High-fat diet and high fructose (HFD and HF) administration in rodents bestows a model for hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and Type 2 diabetes. The current study is focused on elucidating the role of Gymnemic acid in combating hyperglycemia mediated oxidative stress and apoptotic events in the skeletal muscle of HFD and HF induced Type 2 diabetes in Wistar albino rats by boosting antioxidant defense system. Gymnemic acid, a saponin of triterpene glycoside contained in leaves of Gymnema Sylvestre, has potent anti-diabetic properties. Treatment with Gymnemic acid restored the antioxidant status (Gpx, SOD, CAT, GR, Vit C & Vit E) with significant (p<0.05) decrease in free radical levels and reinvigorated the expression of apoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins in Type 2 diabetic rats. Histopathological data demonstrate that oral administration of Gymnemic acid protects skeletal muscle fibers from an oxidative niche in HFD and HF in Type 2 diabetic rats. In accordance with this, Gymnemic acid might be regarded as a promising therapeutic agent against Type 2 diabetes, thereby restoring skeletal muscle integrity and function.

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Body temperature elevation during exercise is essential for activating the Akt signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0205456 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. e0205456 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Takamasa Tsuzuki ◽

Toshinori Yoshihara ◽

Noriko Ichinoseki-Sekine ◽

Ryo Kakigi ◽

Yuri Takamine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Akt Signaling ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Temperature Elevation ◽

Akt Signaling Pathway ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Yiqi Zengmin Formula on expression of glucose transporter 4 in skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetic rats

Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ◽

10.3736/jcim20111015 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1133-1137 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

HL Xue

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Herbal Medicine ◽

Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Glucose Transporter 4 ◽

Chinese Herbal ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen on Metabolic Capacity of the Skeletal Muscle in Type 2 Diabetic Rats with Obesity

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/637978 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Naoto Fujita ◽

Fumiko Nagatomo ◽

Shinichiro Murakami ◽

Hiroyo Kondo ◽

Akihiko Ishihara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Metabolic Capacity ◽

Oletf Rats ◽

Adipocyte Hypertrophy ◽

Long Evans ◽

Oxygen Group ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

We investigated whether hyperbaric oxygen enhances the oxidative metabolic capacity of the skeletal muscle and attenuates adipocyte hypertrophy in type 2 diabetic rats with obesity. Five-week-old male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used as diabetic animals and nondiabetic controls, respectively, and assigned to control and hyperbaric oxygen groups. Animals in the hyperbaric oxygen group were exposed to an atmospheric pressure of 1.25 with an oxygen concentration of 36% for 3 h daily. The glucose level at 27 weeks of age was significantly higher in OLETF rats than in LETO rats, but the elevation was inhibited in OLETF rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygen. The slow-to-fast fiber transition in the skeletal muscle was observed in OLETF rats, but the shift was inhibited in OLETF rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygen. Additionally, the oxidative enzyme activity of muscle fibers was increased by hyperbaric oxygen. The adipocyte size was larger in OLETF rats than in LETO rats, but hypertrophied adipocytes were not observed in OLETF rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygen. Hyperbaric oxygen enhances glucose and lipid metabolism in the skeletal muscle, indicating that hyperbaric oxygen can prevent elevation of glucose and adipocyte hypertrophy in diabetic rats with obesity.

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Infusion of adipose‑derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibits skeletal muscle mitsugumin 53 elevation and thereby alleviates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats

Molecular Medicine Reports ◽

10.3892/mmr.2018.8901 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zihui Deng ◽

Huiyan Xu ◽

Jinying Zhang ◽

Chen Yang ◽

Liyuan Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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Effects of Modified Sanzi Yangqin Decoction on Tyrosine Phosphorylation of IRS-1 in Skeletal Muscle of Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/7092140 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Ya Wang ◽

Xiaojin La ◽

Chunyu Tian ◽

Yushan Dong ◽

Feng Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

C Peptide ◽

Insulin Resistance Index ◽

Peptide Level ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Modified Sanzi Yangqin Decoction on tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. The rat model of type 2 diabetes was induced by high-fat diet and multiple low-dose streptozotocin injections. Diabetic model rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the model control group, the metformin group, and Modified Sanzi Yangqin Decoction groups of low, medium, and high doses. OGTT was conducted every two weeks during treatment period. At the end of the treatment, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and the fasting C-peptide level were measured to calculate insulin resistance index. The levels of IRS-1, p-IRS-1Tyr895, and protein tyrosine phosphates 1B (PTP1B) in skeletal muscle were also measured. Modified Sanzi Yangqin Decoction significantly reduced the FBG level, increased the fasting C-peptide level, and lowered the insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetic rats. It also significantly increased the protein level of p-IRS-1Tyr895 and reduced the PTP1B protein level in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. Modified Sanzi Yangqin Decoction increases tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats, which results from the increase of p-IRS-1Tyr895 protein and is related to the suppression of PTP1B protein.

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