Serum Vitamins and Homocysteine Levels in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Balandeh ◽  
Mohammad Karimian ◽  
Mohaddeseh Behjati ◽  
Amir Hossein Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Vitamin B9

Vitamin and homocysteine (Hcy) alternations have been associated with psychiatric disorders. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the association of serum vitamin and Hcy levels with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Following PRISMA protocol, we used the databases including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science with no time restriction. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and/or fixed-effects model to estimate the standard mean difference (SMD) for evaluation of the strength of association analyses. Our data showed a significant reduction in vitamin B12 (SMD = −0.58, 95% CI = −1.08 to −0.08, p = 0.02, I2 = 65%; pheterogeneity = 0.06), vitamin E (SMD = −0.89, 95% CI = −1.23 to −0.56, p < 0.00001, I2 = 23%; pheterogeneity = 0.26), and vitamin C (SMD = −1.40, 95% CI = −2.44 to −0.36, p = 0.008, I2 = 92%; pheterogeneity < 0.0001) in OCD patients. In addition, the findings showed significantly higher levels of Hcy (SMD = 1.11, 95% CI = [0.48, 1.75], p = 0.0006, I2 = 73%; ph = 0.02) in patients compared to controls. Also, our data showed that vitamin B9 and D levels are not associated with OCD (vitamin B9: SMD = −0.23, 95% CI = −1.01 to 0.55, p = 0.56, I2 = 88%; pheterogeneity < 0.0001; vitamin D: SMD = −0.63, 95% CI = −1.41 to 0.15, p = 0.11, I2 = 88%; pheterogeneity = 0.0002). Our findings support significant impacts of Hcy and vitamin B12, E, and C levels in OCD pathogenesis. This will be important for prevention and treatment of OCD. However, further studies are recommended to elucidate more accurate conclusions.

scholarly journals The efficacy of exposure and response prevention for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Tourette Syndrome: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjuan Yan ◽  
Fang Wen ◽  
Liping Yu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Jingran Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Response Prevention ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Exposure And Response Prevention ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Standard Mean Difference

Abstract Background Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that can effectively relieve obsessive-compulsive symptoms and tic symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS). However, the effect size of ERP is still unclear. Methods In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to identify the efficacy of ERP for individuals with OCD and TS. The standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the effect size of the efficacy for ERP. We used subgroup and meta-regression analysis to explore the heterogeneity of the pooled SMD of ERP for OCD. Results A total of 17 studies including a total of 926 patients with OCD and 66 patients with TS were identified. We observed a small-to-medium effect size of ERP for both OCD (SMD = -0.21, 95% CI: -0.47 to 0.06) and TS (SMD = -0.26, 95% CI: -0.75 to 0.22). Conclusions In conclusion, we found that ERP is effective for patients with OCD and TS. We suggest a combination with other therapies and the development of online ERP services that might prove a promising new direction for healthcare providers.

scholarly journals Malondialdehyde concentrations in obsessive–compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Mohammadi ◽  
Ebrahim Balandeh ◽  
Alireza Milajerdi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Standard Mean Difference

Abstract Background This meta-analysis aimed to investigate serum and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in comparison to healthy controls. Methods Following the PRISMA protocol, we searched for the relevant studies through the databases of Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and web of science until September 2019 with no time restriction. Overall, nine studies were included in the current meta-analysis. Data were pooled using a random-effects model; in addition, standard mean difference (SMD) and/or weight mean difference (WMD) was calculated. Cochran’s Q test and I-square (I2) statistics were used to evaluate between-study heterogeneity. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Statistical analyses were done using the STATA version 14. Results Our systematic review included nine case–control studies (including 367 cases and 337 controls). Pooling findings from these studies showed a significantly higher MDA level in OCD patient compared to control groups (SMD = 1.62; 95% CI [0.53, 2.72]; I2 = 96.9%; Pheterogeneity (Ph) < 0.001). This finding remained unchanged among studies which reported MDA in the same unit (WMD = 1.93; 95% CI [0.27, 3.59]; I2 = 99.2%; Ph < 0.001). Subgroup analysis by the study location and sample size revealed findings that were also significant. Conclusion We found that MDA levels are higher in OCD patients than healthy controls. This finding highlights the importance of inflammatory responses in OCD patients that should be considered for future investigations. Further studies are recommended to expand current knowledge on this issue.

scholarly journals Mindfulness-based and acceptance-based programmes in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder: a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e050329
Author(s):  
Johannes Julian Bürkle ◽  
Johannes Caspar Fendel ◽  
Stefan Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

IntroductionCognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention is the recommended standard for the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, a high proportion of patients refuse this treatment, do not respond or relapse shortly after treatment. Growing evidence suggests that mindfulness-based and acceptance-based programmes (MABPs) are an effective option for the treatment of OCD. This systematic review and meta-analysis will examine the effectiveness of MABPs in treating OCD. We also aimed to explore potential moderators of the programmes’ effectiveness.Methods and analysisWe will systematically search MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, PSYINDEX, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (no language restrictions) for studies that evaluate the effect of MABPs on patients with OCD. We will conduct backward and forward citation searches of included studies and relevant reviews and contact corresponding authors. The primary outcome will be pre-post intervention change in symptom severity. A secondary outcome will be change in depressive symptoms. Two reviewers will independently screen the records, extract the data and rate the methodological quality of the studies. We will include both controlled and uncontrolled trials. Randomised controlled trials will be meta-analysed, separately assessing between-group effects. A second meta-analysis will assess the within-group effect of all eligible studies. We will explore moderators and sources of heterogeneity such as the specific programme, study design, changes in depressive symptoms, hours of guided treatment, control condition and prior therapy (eg, CBT) using metaregression and subgroup analyses. We will perform sensitivity analyses using follow-up data. A narrative synthesis will also be pursued. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the quality of the evidence.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.

scholarly journals Voxel-wise meta-analysis of grey matter changes in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Radua ◽  
David Mataix-Cols
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BackgroundSpecific cortico-striato-thalamic circuits are hypothesised to mediate the symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but structural neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent.AimsTo conduct a meta-analysis of published and unpublished voxel-based morphometry studies in OCD.MethodTwelve data-sets comprising 401 people with OCD and 376 healthy controls met inclusion criteria. A new improved voxel-based meta-analytic method, signed differential mapping (SDM), was developed to examine regions of increased and decreased grey matter volume in the OCD group v. control group.ResultsNo between-group differences were found in global grey matter volumes. People with OCD had increased regional grey matter volumes in bilateral lenticular nuclei, extending to the caudate nuclei, as well as decreased volumes in bilateral dorsal medial frontal/anterior cingulate gyri. A descriptive analysis of quartiles, a sensitivity analysis as well as analyses of subgroups further confirmed these findings. Meta-regression analyses showed that studies that included individuals with more severe OCD were significantly more likely to report increased grey matter volumes in the basal ganglia. No effect of current antidepressant treatment was observed.ConclusionsThe results support a dorsal prefrontal–striatal model of the disorder and raise the question of whether functional alterations in other brain regions commonly associated with OCD, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, may reflect secondary compensatory strategies. Whether the reported differences between participants with OCD and controls precede the onset of the symptoms and whether they are specific to OCD remains to be established.

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