Cytogenetic Damage of Human Lymphocytes in Humanized Mice Exposed to Neutrons and X Rays 24 h After Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 161 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 352-361
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Younghyun Lee ◽  
Monica Pujol-Canadell ◽  
Jay R. Perrier ◽  
Lubomir Smilenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Humanized Mouse Model ◽  
Significant Difference

Detonation of an improvised nuclear device highlights the need to understand the risk of mixed radiation exposure as prompt radiation exposure could produce significant neutron and gamma exposures. Although the neutron component may be a relatively small percentage of the total absorbed dose, the large relative biological effectiveness (RBE) can induce larger biological DNA damage and cell killing. The objective of this study was to use a hematopoietically humanized mouse model to measure chromosomal DNA damage in human lymphocytes 24 h after in vivo exposure to neutrons (0.3 Gy) and X rays (1 Gy). The human dicentric and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays were performed to measure chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vivo from the blood and spleen, respectively. The mBAND assay based on fluorescent in situ hybridization labeling was used to detect neutron-induced chromosome 1 inversions in the blood lymphocytes of the neutron-irradiated mice. Cytogenetics endpoints, dicentrics and micronuclei showed that there was no significant difference in yields between the 2 irradiation types at the doses tested, indicating that neutron-induced chromosomal DNA damage in vivo was more biologically effective (RBE ∼3.3) compared to X rays. The mBAND assay, which is considered a specific biomarker of high-LET neutron exposure, confirmed the presence of clustered DNA damage in the neutron-irradiated mice but not in the X-irradiated mice, 24 h after exposure.

scholarly journals Effects of photopolymerisation on genotoxicity of composite adhesives in the comet assay

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 617-627
Author(s):  
Stefan Dacic ◽  
Ninoslav Djelic ◽  
Milena Radakovic ◽  
Nada Lakic ◽  
Aleksandar Veselinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Halogen Lamp ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Isolated Human Lymphocytes

Certain in vivo studies have shown that the application of adhesives directly onto the open pulp or on a thin layer of dentin causes inflammation and pulpal abscesses. This reaction is related to toxic effects of monomers from adhesives. It has been confirmed that after proper illumination the adhesives become less toxic. The aim of the study was to examine genotoxicity of non-polymerised, partly polymerised and polymerised adhesives on isolated human lymphocytes using the alkaline Comet assay. Adper Single bond2 and Adper Easy One/3M ESPE adhesive photopolymerisation was performed by Elipar Highlight 3M ESPE halogen lamp for 0, 10 and 40 sec, at final concentrations of 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ?g/mL. With both adhesives, photopolymerisation at 0 and 10 seconds showed statistically significant increase in DNA damage in comparision to the negative control (solvent). On the other hand, after 40 seconds of photopolymerisation of both adhesives in all tested concentrations, the degree of DNA damage in Comet assay had no significant difference (P>0.05, ?2 test) compared to the negative control. Therefore, only the 40 seconds of photopolymerisation prevented genotoxic effects of both adhesives in the Comet assay.

scholarly journals Acute chromosomal DNA damage in human lymphocytes after radiation exposure in invasive cardiovascular procedures

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (18) ◽  
pp. 2195-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Andreassi ◽  
Angelo Cioppa ◽  
Samantha Manfredi ◽  
Cataldo Palmieri ◽  
Nicoletta Botto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Chromosomal Dna

scholarly journals In Vivo Usability Test of Vascular Intervention Robotic System Controlled by Two Types of Master Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5453
Author(s):  
Hwa-Seob Song ◽  
Jae-Hong Woo ◽  
Jong-Yun Won ◽  
Byung-Ju Yi
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Vascular Intervention ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Usability Test ◽  
Usability Tests ◽  
System Usability Scale

Conventional vascular intervention (VI) procedures are typically performed manually under exposure to X-rays, whereby several problems are presented that need to be addressed owing to the patients and doctors being exposed to large amounts of radiation. In such cases, employing radiation protection units is not a long-term solution to avoid physical damage. Therefore, to overcome these issues, we propose a robotic VI system in this study. Moreover, we compare the extent of radiation exposure in the case of the conventional manual VI procedure with that in the case of the robotic procedure. The radiation exposure is then analyzed from the perspective of the doctor. Subsequently, the results of usability tests for two proposed master devices are presented in terms of the NASA task load index (NASA-TLX) and the system usability scale (SUS) score. To verify the effectiveness of the robotic VI system, animal experiments are conducted using a pig model. Among the two types of master devices tested with the proposed robotic VI system, the ergonomically designed 2-degree-of-freedom master device is found to be more effective than the joystick-type device in terms of the usability test scores. Hence, the proposed robotic VI procedure is shown to be advantageous in terms of reducing radiation exposure and improving usability.

Dietary sugars and related endogenous advanced glycation end-products increase chromosomal DNA damage in WIL2-NS cells, measured using cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay

Mutagenesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Permal Deo ◽  
Caitlin L McCullough ◽  
Theodora Almond ◽  
Emma L Jaunay ◽  
Leigh Donnellan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Advanced Glycation End Products ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Genome Damage ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract This study investigated the effect of glucose and fructose, and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on genome damage in WIL2-NS cells, measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay. The effect of AGEs was investigated using the bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA) model system induced either with glucose (Glu–BSA) or with fructose (Fru–BSA). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed higher Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML; 26.76 ± 1.09 nmol/mg BSA) levels in the Glu–BSA model. Nε-Carboxyethyllysine (CEL; 7.87 ± 0.19 nmol/mg BSA) and methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1; 69.77 ± 3.74 nmol/mg BSA) levels were higher in the Fru–BSA model. Genotoxic effects were measured using CBMN-Cyt assay biomarkers [binucleated(BN) cells with micronuclei (MNi), BN with nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and BN with nuclear buds (NBuds)] following 9 days of treatment with either glucose, fructose, Glu–BSA or Fru–BSA. Fructose treatment exerted a significant genotoxic dose–response effect including increases of BN with MNi (R2 = 0.7704; P = 0.0031), BN with NPBs (R2 = 0.9311; P < 0.0001) and BN with NBuds (R2 = 0.7118; P = 0.0091) on cells, whereas the DNA damaging effects of glucose were less evident. High concentrations of AGEs (400–600 µg/ml) induced DNA damage; however, there was no effect on cytotoxicity indices (necrosis and apoptosis). In conclusion, this study demonstrates a potential link between physiologically high concentrations of reducing sugars or AGEs with increased chromosomal damage which is an important emerging aspect of the pathology that may be induced by diabetes. Ultimately, loss of genome integrity could accelerate the rate of ageing and increase the risk of age-related diseases over the long term. These findings indicate the need for further research on the effects of glycation on chromosomal instability and to establish whether this effect is replicated in humans in vivo.

In vivo supplementation with coenzyme Q 10 enhances the recovery of human lymphocytes from oxidative DNA damage

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1425-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tomasetti ◽  
Renata Alleva ◽  
Andrew R. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Human Lymphocytes

Assessment of the Ocular Effects in Cardiac Catheterization Unit’s Medical Personnel Exposed to Ionizing Radiation

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Ramadan Ramadan Abdelatty Azab ◽  
Thanaa Helmy Mohamed ◽  
Weam Mohamed Ebeid ◽  
Noha Abdelsadek Alaarag ◽  
Amr Mansour Mohamed Zaky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Human Lens ◽  
Medical Setting ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Abstract Background Gamma rays, x-rays, and high ultraviolet are classified as ionizing radiation as their photons have enough energy to ionize atoms, causing chemical reactions. People can be exposed to ionizing radiation under different circumstances, at home, in public places (public exposures), at their workplaces (occupational exposures), or in a medical setting (as are patients, caregivers, and volunteers). Radiation damage to tissue or organs depends on the dose of radiation received, or the absorbed dose which is expressed in a unit called the gray (Gy). The potential damage from an absorbed dose depends on the type of radiation and the sensitivity of different tissues and organs. Objective To investigate the long-term influence of the ionizing radiation on the human lens. Patients and Methods Type of Study: Cross-Sectional Study. Study Setting: Ain Shams University hospital, Ophthalmology Department. Study Period: 6 months. Results: A significant difference was found between groups regarding the presence of cataract.as 50% of exposed group had cataract compared to 26.9% of non-exposed group (P = 0.043). There was a significant positive correlation between exposure duration and cataract grade as it was longer in cases with cataract. Conclusion A significant difference was found between groups regarding the presence of cataract. As there is a risk that other ocular pathologies are related to occupational radiation exposure, further investigative studies are required to define these. It can be strongly recommended that all personnel exposed to occupational radiation have routine eye examinations.

In vivo repair of DNA damage induced by X-rays in the early stages of mouse fertilization, and the influence of maternal PARP1 ablation

2011 ◽  
Vol 714 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pacchierotti ◽  
R. Ranaldi ◽  
A.A. Derijck ◽  
G.W. van der Heijden ◽  
P. de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Early Stages

In vivo ozone exposure does not increase DNA single-strand breaks in human peripheral lymphocytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Finkenwirth ◽  
B Roßbach ◽  
HC Schröder ◽  
A Muttray
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Single Strand Breaks ◽  
Human Peripheral Lymphocytes ◽  
Dna Strand

In this randomized parallel study, we examined whether an acute ozone (O3) exposure leads to increased DNA strand breaks in human lymphocytes. The groups were exposed to 0.21 ppm O3 or filtered air for two hours. 30min and 4.5 h after exposure, DNA damage was determined in isolated lymphocytes using the Fast Micromethod. There was no detectable effect after O3 exposure. We conclude that an acute O3 exposure at the tested concentration does not lead to persistent DNA damage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document