Assessment of the Ocular Effects in Cardiac Catheterization Unit’s Medical Personnel Exposed to Ionizing Radiation

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Ramadan Ramadan Abdelatty Azab ◽  
Thanaa Helmy Mohamed ◽  
Weam Mohamed Ebeid ◽  
Noha Abdelsadek Alaarag ◽  
Amr Mansour Mohamed Zaky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Human Lens ◽  
Medical Setting ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Abstract Background Gamma rays, x-rays, and high ultraviolet are classified as ionizing radiation as their photons have enough energy to ionize atoms, causing chemical reactions. People can be exposed to ionizing radiation under different circumstances, at home, in public places (public exposures), at their workplaces (occupational exposures), or in a medical setting (as are patients, caregivers, and volunteers). Radiation damage to tissue or organs depends on the dose of radiation received, or the absorbed dose which is expressed in a unit called the gray (Gy). The potential damage from an absorbed dose depends on the type of radiation and the sensitivity of different tissues and organs. Objective To investigate the long-term influence of the ionizing radiation on the human lens. Patients and Methods Type of Study: Cross-Sectional Study. Study Setting: Ain Shams University hospital, Ophthalmology Department. Study Period: 6 months. Results: A significant difference was found between groups regarding the presence of cataract.as 50% of exposed group had cataract compared to 26.9% of non-exposed group (P = 0.043). There was a significant positive correlation between exposure duration and cataract grade as it was longer in cases with cataract. Conclusion A significant difference was found between groups regarding the presence of cataract. As there is a risk that other ocular pathologies are related to occupational radiation exposure, further investigative studies are required to define these. It can be strongly recommended that all personnel exposed to occupational radiation have routine eye examinations.

Genotoxic risk in health-care professionals occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva-Júnior ◽  
Ronan Adler Tavella ◽  
Caroline Lopes Feijo Fernandes ◽  
Alexandra Silveira Mortola ◽  
Gianni Goulart Peraza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
External Control ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential influence of occupational ionizing radiation (IR) exposure on health professionals, assessing DNA damage using the comet and micronucleus (MN) assays and analyzing relative risks, correlations, and associated factors between outcomes and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Blood and buccal samples were collected from 36 workers, who actively participated in an imaging sector of a hospital, who were either exposed to IR directly or indirectly (9 internal control and 27 exposed), and 27 individuals living in the same city but with no occupational exposure (external control, unexposed/healthy). All radiation dosages performed on the 36 workers were less than 20 mSv/y, not exceeding the effective dose limit for occupational exposure. A questionnaire identified socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with the outcomes. The results of the MN assay showed a significant difference between both internal control and the exposed group when compared to the external control. For the comet assay, there were significant differences between the percent of tail DNA of the exposed group and external controls, but no difference was found between the exposed group and internal controls. Relative risk associations were found in time of exposure, hours worked per week, and perceived stress. Correlations were found between the outcomes and age, consumption of alcohol, and frequencies of X-rays during life. Variables that showed to be significant in the adjusted analysis were skin color and recent exposure to radiation. Albeit limited, the findings of this study suggest genotoxicity in both blood and buccal mucosa cells of workers exposed directly or indirectly to IR and that lifestyle and socioeconomic factors are associated and correlated with the risk of developing these outcomes.

scholarly journals Dosimetry of Occupational Radiation around Panoramic X-ray Apparatus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H Pakravan ◽  
S M R Aghamiri ◽  
T Bamdadian ◽  
M Gholami ◽  
M Moshfeghi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Background: Panoramic imaging is one of the most common imaging methods in dentistry. Regarding the side-effects of ionizing radiation, it is necessary to survey different aspects and details of panoramic imaging. In this study, we compared the absorbed x-ray dose around two panoramic x-ray units: PM 2002 CC Proline (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) and Cranex Tome (Soredex, Helsinki, Finland).Materials and Methods: In order to estimate x-ray dose, 15 thermoluminescet dosemeters (TLD-100) were placed in 3 semi-circles of 40cm, 80cm and 120cm radii. Around each unit, the number of TLDs in each semi-circle was 5 with equal intervals. The center of semicircles accords with the patient’s position. Each TLD was exposed 40 times. These dosemeters were read out with a Harshaw Model 4000 TLD Reader (USA). The calibration processing and the reading of dosemeters were performed by the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran.Results: The mean absorbed dose in three lines of PM 2002 CC Proline was 123.2±15.1, 118.0±11.0 and 108.0±9.1 µSv, (p=0.013). The results were 140.4±15.2, 120.2±10.4 and 111.6±11.2 µSv in Cranex Tome (p=0.208), which reveals no significant difference between two systems.Conclusion: There are no significant differences between the mean absorbed dose of surveyed models in panoramic imaging by two units (PM 2002 CC Proline and Cranex Tome). These results were less than occupational exposure recommended by ICRP, even at the highest calculated doses.

Cytogenetic Damage of Human Lymphocytes in Humanized Mice Exposed to Neutrons and X Rays 24 h After Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 161 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 352-361
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Younghyun Lee ◽  
Monica Pujol-Canadell ◽  
Jay R. Perrier ◽  
Lubomir Smilenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Humanized Mouse Model ◽  
Significant Difference

Detonation of an improvised nuclear device highlights the need to understand the risk of mixed radiation exposure as prompt radiation exposure could produce significant neutron and gamma exposures. Although the neutron component may be a relatively small percentage of the total absorbed dose, the large relative biological effectiveness (RBE) can induce larger biological DNA damage and cell killing. The objective of this study was to use a hematopoietically humanized mouse model to measure chromosomal DNA damage in human lymphocytes 24 h after in vivo exposure to neutrons (0.3 Gy) and X rays (1 Gy). The human dicentric and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays were performed to measure chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vivo from the blood and spleen, respectively. The mBAND assay based on fluorescent in situ hybridization labeling was used to detect neutron-induced chromosome 1 inversions in the blood lymphocytes of the neutron-irradiated mice. Cytogenetics endpoints, dicentrics and micronuclei showed that there was no significant difference in yields between the 2 irradiation types at the doses tested, indicating that neutron-induced chromosomal DNA damage in vivo was more biologically effective (RBE ∼3.3) compared to X rays. The mBAND assay, which is considered a specific biomarker of high-LET neutron exposure, confirmed the presence of clustered DNA damage in the neutron-irradiated mice but not in the X-irradiated mice, 24 h after exposure.

scholarly journals Intramedullary versus Extramedullary Tibial Cutting Guides in Total Knee Procedures: Our Experience at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Lutf A. Abumunaser ◽  
Amre S. Hamdi ◽  
Faeq M.W. Sawaf
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Component ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Component Alignment ◽  
Total Knee Replacements ◽  
Tibial Component Alignment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Cutting Guides ◽  
Total Knee

The tibial component alignment is believed to be a key factor for the survivorship of total knee arthroplasty. But there is still controversy whether intramedullary or extramedullary cutting guidance is more accurate for tibial component alignment. This retrospective study aims to compare the accuracy of intramedullary and extramedullary tibial cutting guides in Total knee replacement. 88 Total knee replacements were carried out in 60 patients between January 2013 and April 2015. Out of 88 procedures 38 were in the intramedullary group and 50 in the extramedullary group. The tibial component alignment was evaluated by measuring the laterally formed angle between the transverse axis of the tibial component and the mechanical axis of the tibia. The tibial component angle was measured on postoperative long film X-rays of lower limb. The mean tibial component angle ± SD was 91.22 ± 2.74 for the intramedullary group, and 91.95 ± 2.34 (p = 0.184) for the extramedullary group. The normal tibial component angle values (88-92) was found in 52.6% in the intramedullary group and in 48% of the extramedullary group (p = 0.188). No statistically significant difference was found between the intramedullary and extramedullary tibial cutting guides with regard to the accuracy of the normal tibial component alignment.

scholarly journals Health status and cancer related mortality among nuclear plant workers exposed to ionizing radiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Javinaani ◽  
Hasan Abolghasemi ◽  
Hadi Hamidi
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Nuclear Plant ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Health Registry ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Occupational Radiation

AbstractBackgroundThe investigation of potential adverse health effects of occupational exposures to ionizing radiation, on nuclear plant workers, is an important area of research. In this study, we aimed to calculate the incidence and risk of cancer development and mortality during last five years (2015-2019).Material and Methods456 nuclear industry workers were included into this study (39 cancer patients and 417 healthy. For this cohort, the cancer mortality has been assessed by data obtained from national health registry excluded for the probability of known causes of death. The associations between cumulative occupational radiation exposures (radon, gamma radiation and long-lived radionuclides) and cancer mortality were calculated.ResultsRadon and Gamma exposure was significantly higher among workers who developed cancer [8.4 (0; 3,224.5) vs 19.7 (0; 128.4), p=0.03] and [12.0 (2.1; 110.0) vs 24.5 (0; 470.1), p=0.02]. However, no significant association was found between long-lived radionuclides and risk of cancer (p=0.07).ConclusionIn conclusion, significant association has been observed between the risk of cancer development and radon and gamma exposure among nuclear industry workers, but no association was found between cancer and long-live nucleoids exposure.

scholarly journals Positive correlation between micronuclei and necrosis of lymphocytes in medical personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Petrovic ◽  
Andreja Leskovac ◽  
Gordana Joksic
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

BACKGROUND: Current radiation protection standards are based on premise that any radiation dose may result in detrimental health effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate extent of the DNA damages (measured by induction of micronuclei) and interphase cell death in circulating lymphocytes of medical personnel exposed to ionizing radiation. METHODS: Baseline micronuclei were assessed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by flow cytometry for human white blood cells to identify cells that displayed apoptosis-associated DNA condensation. Necrotic cells were analyzed simultaneously. All parameters were compared with corresponding controls. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference (t = 4.54, p = 0.002) was found between exposed and control group in the yield of baseline micronuclei. The level of baseline micronuclei correlated positively with necrosis of leucocytes (r=0.09, p=0.68 in exposed group, r=0.02, p=0.97 in controls). An inverse correlation between baseline micronuclei and apoptosis was noted in both groups of examinees (r = -0.26, p = 0.27 in exposed group, r = -0.09, p=0.80 in controls). The data obtained also suggested an inverse correlation between necrosis and apoptosis (r = -0.37, p = 0.11 in exposed group, r = -0.89, p = 0.001 in controls). CONCLUSION: Flow cytometry being a rapid, fast, and accurate method is strongly recommended in evaluation of radiation injuries. The integration of apoptosis and necrosis into micronucleus assay could be very important in the assessment of cumulative effects of ionizing radiation in occupationally exposed medical personnel.

Electrons generated from machine sources operated at or below an energy level of 10 MeV The eV (electronvolt) is the unit of energy used to measure and describe the energy of electrons and of other types of radiation. The energy of 1 eV is equivalent to the kinetic energy acquired by an electron on being accelerated through a potential difference of 1 V. The eV is a very small unit of energy. It is therefore more common to speak of keV (kiloelectronvolt = 1000 eV) or MeV (megaelectronvolt = 1 million eV). To convert eV to units of energy one can use the conversion 1 MeV = 1.602 X 10“ J (joule). Gamma rays and x-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum (Fig. 1), which reaches from the low-energy, long-wavelength radiowaves to the high-energy, short-wavelength cosmic rays. Radiowaves, infrared (IR) waves, and visible light are nonionizing radiations. Ultraviolet (UV) light can ionize only certain types of molecule under specific conditions and is generally not consid­ ered as ionizing radiation. X-rays and gamma rays are identical in their physical properties and in their effect on matter; they differ in their origin. X-rays are produced by machines and exhibit a wide continuous spectrum of radiation, whereas gamma rays come from radioactive isotopes (radionuclides) in a discon­ tinuous spectrum of radiation intensities. When ionizing radiation penetrates into a medium (e.g., the irradiated food) all or part of the radiation energy is absorbed by the medium. This is called the absorbed dose. The unit in which the absorbed dose is measured is the gray (Gy); it is equal to the absorption of 1 J (joule)/kg. One kGy (kilogray) = 1000 Gy. Formerly the dose unit rad was used. It was defined as 100 erg/g. The conversion of old to new units is based on the relationship 1000 rad = 1 Gy, or 1 krad = 10 Gy, or 1 Mrad = 10 kGy. The dose accumulated per unit of time is called the dose rate. Gamma ray sources provide a relatively low dose rate (typically 100-10,000 Gy/h, whereas

1995 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Small Unit

HIP FRACTURES IN 5 YEARS AT HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

2014 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Duy Binh Ho ◽  
Nghi Thanh Nhan Le ◽  
Maasalu Katre ◽  
Koks Sulev ◽  
Märtson Aare
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Femoral Neck Fractures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Intertrochanteric Fractures ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: This study aimed to review the clinical findings and surgical intervention of the hip fracture at the Hue University Hospital in Vietnam. Methods:The data of proximal femoral fractures was collected retrospectively. All patients, in a period of 5 years, from Jan 2008 to December 2012, suffered either from intertrochanteric or femoral neck fractures. The numbers of patients were gathered separately for each year, by age groups (under 40, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, older) and by sex. We analyzed what kind of treatment options were used for the hip fracture. Results:Of 224 patients (93 men and 131 women) studied, 71% patients are over 70 years old, 103 women and 56 men (p<0.05). For patients under 40 years, there were 1 woman and 11 men (p<0.05). There were 88 intertrochanteric and 136 femoral neck fractures. There was no significant difference in the two fractures between men and women. The numbers of hip fracture increased by each year, 29/224 cases in 2010, 63/224 cases in 2011, 76/224 cases in 2012. Treatment of 88 intertrochanteric fractures: 49 cases (55.7%) of dynamic hip screw (DHS), 14 cases of hemiarthroplasty (15.9%), 2 cases of total hip replacement (2.3%). Treatment of 136 femoral neck fractures: 48 cases of total replacement (35.3%), 43 cases of hemiarthroplasty (31.6%), 15 cases of screwing (11%). In cases of 40 patients (17.9%) hip fracture was managed conservatively, 23 were femoral neck fractures and 17 were intertrochanteric fractures. Conclusions: Hip fracture is growing challenge in Hue medical university hospital. The conservative approach is still high in people who could not be operable due to severe medical conditions as well as for patients with economic difficulties. Over 70% of the hip fractures in people 70+ are caused by osteoporosis. The number of hip fracture is increasing in the following years, most likely due to the increase in the prevalence of osteoporosis. Early detection and prevention of osteoporosis should be addressed, particularly in high risk population. More aggressive surgical approach should be implemented in order to improve the quality of life in patients with hip fractures. Key words:Hip fracture.

Prevalence of Thyroid Diseases in an Occupationally Radiation Exposed Group: A Cross-Sectional Study in a University Hospital of Southern Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Vimercati ◽  
Luigi De Maria ◽  
Francesca Mansi ◽  
Antonio Caputi ◽  
Giovanni M. Ferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exposed Workers

Background: Thyroid diseases occur more frequently in people exposed to ionizing radiation, but the relationship between occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and thyroid pathologies still remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of thyroid diseases in healthcare workers exposed to low-level ionizing radiation compared with a control group working at the University Hospital of Bari, Southern Italy, and living in the same geographical area, characterized by mild iodine deficiency. Methods: We ran a cross-sectional study to investigate whether healthcare workers exposed to ionizing radiation had a higher prevalence of thyroid diseases. Four hundred and forty-four exposed healthcare workers (241 more exposed, or “A Category”, and 203 less exposed, or “B Category”) and 614 nonexposed healthcare workers were enrolled during a routine examination at the Occupational Health Unit. They were asked to fill in an anamnestic questionnaire and undergo a physical examination, serum determination of fT3, fT4 and TSH, anti-TPO ab and anti-TG ab and ultrasound neck scan. Thyroid nodules were submitted to fine needle aspiration biopsy when indicated. Results: The prevalence of thyroid diseases was statistically higher in the exposed workers compared to controls (40% vs 29%, adPR 1.65; IC95% 1.34-2.07). In particular, the thyroid nodularity prevalence in the exposed group was approximately twice as high as that in the controls (29% vs 13%; adPR 2.83; IC95% 2.12-3.8). No statistically significant association was found between exposure to ionizing radiation and other thyroid diseases. Conclusion: In our study, mild ionizing radiation-exposed healthcare workers had a statistically higher prevalence of thyroid diseases than the control group. The results are likely due to a closer and more meticulous health surveillance programme carried out in the ionising radiation-exposed workers, allowing them to identify thyroid alterations earlier than non-exposed health staff.

Effect of ionizing radiation on the kinetics of hydrogenation on the Ni-MgO mixed catalyst

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1780-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostislav Kudláček ◽  
Jan Lokoč
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Hydrogenation Rate ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Mixed Catalyst ◽  
Kinetics Of

The effect of gamma pre-irradiation of the mixed nickel-magnesium oxide catalyst on the kinetics of hydrogenation of maleic acid in the liquid phase has been studied. The changes of the hydrogenation rate are compared with the changes of the adsorbed amount of the acid and with the changes of the solution composition, activation energy, and absorbed dose of the ionizing radiation. From this comparison and from the interpretation of the experimental data it can be deduced that two types of centers can be distinguished on the surface of the catalyst under study, namely the sorption centres for the acid and hydrogen and the reaction centres.

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