Possible Infanticidal Event of an Aye-Aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) in Torotorofotsy, Madagascar

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jeannin Nicolas Rakotondrazandry ◽  
Timothy M. Sefczek ◽  
Cynthia L. Frasier ◽  
Vicki L. Villanova ◽  
Solofonirina Rasoloharijaona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Social System ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Daubentonia Madagascariensis ◽  
Infant Vocalizations

Infanticide occurs in an array of mammalian species, especially primates. Most infanticidal events occur in polygynous societies, though they sometimes happen in nongregarious populations. We witnessed a possible infanticidal event of a 3-month-old male aye-aye, a species that exhibits a dispersed multimale social system, in Torotorofotsy, Madagascar. Though firsthand killing of the infant was not observed, physical injuries to the infant, vocalizations of the adult female, and her subsequent chase of the adult male aye-aye strongly indicates infanticide. If true, this would be the first recorded incident of an infanticidal event in a noyau primate. The evidence for three different explanations of infanticide is evaluated.

Bonobo baby dominance: Did female defense of offspring lead to reduced male aggression?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Walker ◽  
Brian Hare
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Social System ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male Aggression ◽  
Dominance Style ◽  
The Social ◽  
Initial Support

The dominance style of bonobos presents an evolutionary puzzle. Bonobos are not male dominant but female bonobos do not show traits typical of female-dominant species. This chapter proposes the offspring dominance hypothesis (ODH) as a potential solution. ODH suggests the social system of bonobos evolved as a defence against infanticide and is not due to pressure to monopolize resources. Females that prevented aggression towards offspring and preferred mating with less aggressive males were most successful. Supporting ODH, during observations at Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary it was found that: 1) adult male bonobos are rarely aggressive towards offspring with mothers, 2) some mother-reared juvenile bonobos attain rank higher than adult males and 3) mother-reared offspring often socially interact with adult males without their mothers nearby. These preliminary findings provide initial support that the bonobo social system evolved due to fitness advantages of effectively protecting offspring against consequences of male aggression. Le style de dominance des bonobos présente un puzzle évolutionnaire. Les bonobos ne sont pas dominés par les mâles mais les bonobos femelles ne montrent pas les traits caractéristiques d’une espèce dominée par femelles. On propose l’hypothèse de dominance de progéniture (ODH) comme une solution potentielle. La ODH suggère que le système social des bonobos a évolué en défense contre l’infanticide et pas sous pression pour la monopolisation des ressources. Les femelles qui préviennent l’agression vers leur progéniture et leur préférence d’accouplement avec des mâles moins agressives étaient très efficaces. À l’appui de la ODH on a trouvé pendant nos observations à Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary que: 1) les mâles adultes bonobos agressent rarement vers les bébés avec mères, 2) quelques adolescents bonobos qui furent élevés par leurs mères atteignent un rang plus haut que les mâles adultes et 3) la progéniture élevée par la mère interagissent avec avec d’adultes mâles sans la présence de leur mère. Ces trouvailles préliminaires donnent appuie à l’hypothèse que le système social des bonobos a évolué par les avantages corporelles de la protection de la progéniture contre les conséquences de l’agression mâle.

scholarly journals HYBRID COMPUTATIONAL PHANTOMS REPRESENTING THE REFERENCE ADULT MALE AND ADULT FEMALE

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Hurtado ◽  
Choonsik Lee ◽  
Daniel Lodwick ◽  
Timothy Goede ◽  
Jonathan L. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Computational Phantoms

Effects of adults on survival and recruitment of Peromyscus leucopus

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2519-2523
Author(s):  
Gregory H. Adler ◽  
Mark L. Wilson ◽  
Michael J. DeRosa
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Control Grid ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
And Control

A population of Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse) in northeastern Massachusetts was manipulated for 3 years to determine the effects of adults on survival and recruitment. Two experimental grids were established, from which either all adult males or all adult females were removed continually. The effects of these two manipulations were compared with demography on a control grid. Manipulations had no apparent effect on breeding intensity of young, survival rates of adults, or residency rates of adults and young. Recruitment of adult males was higher on the adult male removal grid than on the control grid. Recruitment rates of adult males and of young males and young females were lower on the adult female removal grid than on the control grid. Survival rates of young males were higher on the adult female removal grid than on the control grid; this effect may have been due to either reduced adult female residency or adult male recruitment. All differences between experimental and control grids were noted only during breeding seasons. Adult males apparently limited recruitment of adult consexuals. The effects of manipulations on other measured parameters were inconclusive because of high immigration rates of adult males onto the adult male removal grid and reduced recruitment of adult males and decreased production of young on the adult female removal grid.

A new species of the genus Odonteus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from northern Pakistan

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 968 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
GIUSEPPE M. CARPANETO ◽  
ROBERTO MIGNANI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A New Species

A remarkable new species, Odonteus gandhara Carpaneto & Mignani, n. sp., is described from northern Pakistan. The holotype (adult male) and the paratype (adult female) are illustrated and compared with O. armiger (Scopoli, 1772) and O. orientalis Mittal, 1998, the only two species of this genus recognized in the Old World. Both O. armiger and O. orientalis have the eye not completely divided by the canthus and have a sensory area on the external side of the last antennomere (this character has never been discussed in the literature until now). These two character states in O. armiger and O. orientalis compel emendations to the definition of the genus. The new species has a great zoogeographical relevance because similar species occur in North America (O. obesus LeConte, 1859 and O. falli Wallis, 1928), and probably represents a relict species endemic to the Himalayan range.

Description of the postembryonic stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila M.D. Kuabara ◽  
Michel P. Valim ◽  
Terry D. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Chewing Louse ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Anterior Dorsal

AbstractThe nymphs I, II, III, and adult male and adult female stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae), a monoxenous species of chewing louse infesting common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (Forster) (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae), in North America, are described. Line drawings of whole nymphs and adults are presented, as are details of anterior dorsal head plates, metasternal plates, female subvulvar plates, and male genitalia. Ontogenetic characters exhibited during the postembryonic development of this species of chewing louse are described and discussed in relation to previous information in the literature.

Spatial variability in the social organisation of the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) near Ravenshoe, north Queensland

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross L. Goldingay ◽  
Darren G. Quin ◽  
Sue Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Social System ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Social ◽  
Natal Home ◽  
Petaurus Australis

A detailed study was conducted over a 12-month period of 10 yellow-bellied glider groups at Nitchaga Creek in north Queensland. Adult gliders were sexually dimorphic in body size and were characterised by yellow ventral fur, which is consistent with southern populations. Gliders lived in groups of 3–6 individuals that occupied exclusive areas of about 50 ha. The structure of glider groups varied enormously: five contained one adult pair, three contained one adult male and 2–3 adult females, and two initially contained 2–3 adult males and one adult female but then persisted as bachelor groups after the death or disappearance of the adult female. Group size changed during the year as offspring matured and as individuals died. One male glider dispersed about 1 km from its natal home-range and became the dominant male in a nearby group. Young were born throughout the year, with a peak in the number of pouch-young in June. This study has confirmed the highly variable social system of the yellow-bellied glider, which appears to be mediated by local resource abundance.

Are the monophlebid genera Drosichoides Morrison and Buchnericoccus Reyne synonyms? (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Monophlebidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4497 (2) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
BO-WEN WU ◽  
SAN-AN WU
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Male And Female

The morphology of the adult male of Drosichoides ?haematoptera (Cockerell) is redescribed and illustrated and the adult female of Buchnericoccus sp. (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) is also described and illustrated. These male and female specimens perhaps are conspecific. Genus Buchericoccus Reyne may be a junior synonym of genus Drosichoides Morrison. 

Modelling of Pedestrian Speed-Density and Volume-Density Relationships in Outdoor Walkways

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashim Mohammed Alhassan ◽  
Nordiana Mashros
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Young Male ◽  
The United States ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
City District ◽  
The City

The aim of this study was to model pedestrian flow parameters needed in the design of pedestrian facilities. The study also characterized the flow with a view to understanding pedestrian interaction problems especially with regards to their congestion. Twenty-five locations across Kano metropolis were selected for study, thirteen locations from the city district while twelve sites were chosen from the Waje district. All the sites were high flow pedestrian locations that met the study objectives. The data was categorized into four; young male, adult male, young female and adult female. The results indicated that adult women walked faster than their male counterparts in the City district while young males were faster than the female. The adult female recorded an average speed of 73.90 m/min against the speed of 71.30 m/min for the adult male. The average characteristics of the pedestrian in the city district are speed 67.30 m/min; density 11.23 Ped/m2 and volume 33.60 Ped/m/min. In the Waje district, however, the male pedestrian whether adult or young walked faster than their corresponding female counterparts with speed of 71.45 m/min for the adult male and 59.90 m/min for the adult female. The young male was faster than the young female by 17.9%. The average pedestrian flow parameters for the Waje district indicated a combine speed of 60.21 m/min; density of 8.72 Ped/m2 and volume of 30.92 Ped/m/min. The pedestrians in the city district had a higher flow rate, higher density and higher speed than those of the Waje district. This means the city district is a little more concentrated than the Waje district in terms of pedestrian flow. The aggregate average flow parameters of pedestrians in the metropolitan area gave the following parameters: speed 68.92 m/min; density 10.03 Ped/m2 and volume 32.33 Ped/m/min. The predictive models for Kano showed a free flow speed of 59.55 m/min and a maximum flow rate of 73.0 Ped/m/min. Comparing the Kano pedestrian model with other countries it was found that the Kano pedestrian walked slower than pedestrians from Singapore and the United States

A new species of armored scale, Fiorinia yongxingensis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) from Hainan Province, China

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4729 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-400
Author(s):  
DI LIU ◽  
BO CAI ◽  
JINIAN FENG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Hainan Province ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
A New Species

The adult female, adult male and all immature stages (except the male prepupa and pupa) of a new species of Fiorinia (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae), F. yongxingensis Liu, Cai & Feng sp. n., collected from Hainan Province, China, are described and illustrated. A key is provided to identify the Fiorinia species known to occur in Hainan Province, China. The new species may become a significant pest on coconut palms. 

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