scholarly journals Atypical Perfusion Manifestation in Migraine with Aura

2021 ◽  
pp. 672-676
Author(s):  
Jacobo Lester ◽  
Jesús Carlos Bustamante ◽  
Carla García-Moreno ◽  
Enrique Klériga
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Past Medical History ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Cerebral Hyperperfusion

Migraine with aura may be confused with a stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging is an important tool for the differential diagnosis. Cerebral hypoperfusion has been described in classic migraine, mainly during the aura. A 47-year-old male had an unremarkable past medical history. After sneezing, he developed a left hemi hypoesthesia, bitemporal vision loss, photopsia, and some distortion in the position of letters and words. This lasted <1 h, and it was followed by a severe headache. A magnetic resonance angiography was performed during the headache. It showed a left hemispheric hypoperfusion that did not correlate with the symptoms described by the patient. It is believed that during the aura, cerebral blood flow decreases, leading to hypoxia and decreased cellular energy generation, and these metabolic alterations define the symptoms of the patient. In our case, we documented brain hypoperfusion during the headache in the ipsilateral brain hemisphere to the symptoms, which has no clinical correlation. This condition could be due to spasm in the capillary arteries, and it may persist and influence the clinical manifestations during the headache phase in migraine with aura. A state of generalized cerebral hyperperfusion has been suggested, and there may be a coexistence of both phenomena for some period. This may open a new line of research regarding the pathophysiology and vascular changes of migraine with aura.

Cesarean scar defects: diagnosis and treatment in non-pregnant women

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Martynov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth

The aim of the review was to summarize information on clinical manifestations, diagnostic features, as well as methods for correction of scar defects after cesarean section (CS) outside pregnancy. Lack of the scar after CS, niche, isthmocele are a myometrium defect in the area of scar after CS, which is most often detected by ultrasound, sonohysterography or magnetic resonance imaging and is manifested by postmenstrual bleeding from the genital tract. In some cases, it can cause menorrhagia, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, infertility, uterine rupture during subsequent pregnancy and childbirth. Conservative therapy or surgical treatment with laparoscopy, laparotomy or vaginal approach is carried out depending on the symptoms, size of the defect, the thickness of the residual myometrium, as well as the womans reproductive plans.

scholarly journals Pulvinar sign in a case of anti-HU paraneoplastic encephalitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Luc Gamache ◽  
Maude-Marie Gagnon ◽  
Martin Savard ◽  
François Émond
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Paraneoplastic Encephalitis ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Work Up

This article reports the case of a 68-year-old patient with anti-HU antibodies paraneoplastic encephalitis. The clinical manifestations were atypical and the paraclinical work-up, notably the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing bilateral posterior thalamic hyperintensities (pulvinar sign), misleadingly pointed towards a variant Creutzfeld–Jakob disease. After presenting the case, the differential diagnosis of the pulvinar sign is discussed along with other important diagnostic considerations.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of tarsal coalitions

TRAUMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
O.A. Turchin ◽  
V.M. Piatkovskiy ◽  
T.M. Omelchenko ◽  
A.P. Liabakh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Lack Of Physicians ◽  
History Of

Tarsal coalitions (TC) are congenital abnormal connections of the rearfoot bones. They occur in 1 to 13 % of all population. The article deals with the features of clinical and instrumental diagnosis of TC according to the literature. The main clinical manifestations are pain syndrome in the subtalar area, rigid flat foot; peroneal spastic flat foot is possible. Radiographic imaging of TC includes direct and indirect signs. To verify bone coalition, computed tomo-graphy is indicated, in cases of cartilaginous and fibrous — magnetic resonance imaging. Despite the long history of studying the problem, the diagnosis of TC remains a live issue today. Difficulties in diagnosing this pathology are due to the lack of physicians’ awareness of the clinical and radiographic picture of TC. Classical orthopedic exa-mination and suspicion of possible TC will allow detecting pathology in time and avoiding inappropriate treatment. The use of modern imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, helps increase the accuracy of TC diagnosis.

Clinical Manifestations and Spinal Cord Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Chinese Neuromyelitis Optica Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiyu Lin ◽  
Jiting Zhu ◽  
Xiaoping Yao ◽  
Shifang Lin ◽  
Shenxing Murong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Severe Monocular Vision Loss Followed by Gait Difficulty

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Brian G. Weinshenker
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gadolinium Enhancement ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Severe Impairment

A 56-year-old woman sought care for painless vision loss over 24 hours in the superior field of her right eye, which progressed to total vision loss. Intravenous corticosteroids were administered over 5 days, and she recovered well. Approximately 6 months later, paresthesias and sensory loss of her legs developed, which was sufficiently severe that she was unable to walk. She had severe impairment of vibration sense and lesser impairment of position sense, as well as proximal weakness of both legs. She recovered but had persistent burning dysesthesias of the legs. Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbits at the onset of symptoms showed gadolinium enhancement extending from the middle of the orbit posteriorly, almost to the level of the optic chiasm. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine at the time of acute myelitis revealed a long spinal cord lesion extending from the lower cervical cord to the conus which was central and homogeneous on T2 images and exhibited patchy gadolinium enhancement. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed 37 leukocytes/µL with lymphocyte predominance and negative tests for oligoclonal bands. On serologic analysis, she was positive for aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patient was diagnosed with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G seropositive. The patient was started on rituximab treatment. After 2 years, she decided to discontinue treatment because she was concerned about potential adverse effects. Six months after discontinuing rituximab, severe weakness of her right leg developed, which improved with intravenous corticosteroids. Rituximab therapy was restarted, 2 doses of 1 g each, but she had 1 further episode of myelitis 2 weeks after receiving rituximab. Six months later, her visual acuity in the right eye was only counting fingers, and she had a flaccid paraplegia with areflexia of the lower extremities and total loss of sensory function below T4.

scholarly journals Incidental Petrous Apex Findings on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Leonetti ◽  
Harish Shownkeen ◽  
Sam J. Marzo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Petrous Apex ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Clinical Surveillance

We performed a retrospective chart review to categorize a group of petrous apex findings that were noted incidentally on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 88 patients. These patients were among those who had been seen at a tertiary care center between July 1988 and July 1998. These incidental findings, which were unrelated to the presenting clinical manifestations, included asymmetric fatty bone marrow (n = 41), inflammation (19), cholesterol granulomas (14), cholesteatomas (9), and neoplasms (5). Followup imaging and clinical surveillance of these patients has not demonstrated any significant change in the incidentally detected lesions. In all cases, the incidental MRI findings represented benign pathology.

scholarly journals An Unusual Case of Unilateral Papilledema

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
Daniel Quesada ◽  
Matthew Stapleton ◽  
Jadipak Heer ◽  
Phillip Aguìñiga-Navarrete ◽  
Luke Kim
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Physical Exam ◽  
Fluid Density ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Neuroretinitis from neurosyphilis is an uncommon finding in previously healthy young individuals. A 37-year-old presented with three days of painless, unilateral vision loss with an associated diffuse erythematous non-pruritic truncal rash. Physical exam demonstrated vision loss in the left eye. Fundoscopic exam showed unilateral peripapillary hemorrhage, papilledema and venous engorgement. Labs showed positive syphilis antibody qualitative. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated 12 millimeters of high right frontal lobe cerebrospinal fluid density. The patient was treated with benzylpenicillin and within 18 hours had improvement of his vision.

scholarly journals Therapeutic evaluation of sclerotherapy for limb venous malformations: A case series

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 663-671
Author(s):  
Tenghui Zhan ◽  
Fanggang Cai ◽  
Pingfan Guo ◽  
Yujie Lian ◽  
Hui Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Venous Malformations ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Percutaneous Sclerotherapy

Objectives To examine three different methods for evaluating the effect of percutaneous sclerotherapy on limb venous malformations in a series of patients with a relatively long follow-up. Method The study was a retrospective study. Results Thirty-eight patients treated with percutaneous sclerotherapy underwent sclerotherapy, with a median number of sessions of 4 (range, 1–10). They were followed up for 1–60 months (average 12.5 months). The kappa between clinical manifestations and Doppler ultrasound was 0.684 ( P < 0.001). The kappa between clinical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging was 0.217 ( P = 0.006). The kappa between Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging was 0.323 ( P < 0.001). The rate of grade IV patients evaluated by clinical manifestations was significantly higher than that by Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for VM imaging. Its consistency with clinical examination and Doppler ultrasound is poor, and Doppler ultrasound and clinical examination could be more appropriate for follow-up imaging after sclerotherapy.

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