scholarly journals An optimal placement of phasor measurement unit using new sensitivity indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
K. Khalid ◽  
A. A. Ibrahim ◽  
N. A. M. Kamari ◽  
M. H. M. Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Solutions ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Test System ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Phasor Measurement Unit ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Integer Programming Problem ◽  
Phasor Measurement ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Pmu Placement

This paper presents an alternative approach to solve an optimal phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement by introducing two new sensitivity indices. The indices are constructed from the information measured from PMUs such as voltage magnitude and angle. These two parameters are essential for power system stability assessment and control. Therefore, fault analysis is carried out to obtain the voltage magnitude and angle deviations at all buses in order to construct the indices. An exhaustive search method is used to solve the linear integer programming problem where all possible combinations of PMU placement are evaluated to obtain the optimal solution. Unfortunately, the traditional objective function to minimize the total number of PMU placement leads to multiple solutions. The indices can be used to assess multiple solutions of PMU placement from the exhaustive method. In this work, an optimal solution is selected based on the performance of PMU placement in according to the indices. The proposed method is tested on the IEEE 14 bus test system. Only four PMUs are required to monitor the whole test system. However, the number of PMUs can be reduced to three PMUs after applying zero injection bus elimination.

scholarly journals A Bounded Exhaustive Search Technique for Optimal Phasor Measurement Unit Placement in Power Grids

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Ahmad Asrul Ibrahim ◽  
Khairuddin Khalid ◽  
Hussain Shareef ◽  
Nor Azwan Mohamed Kamari
Keyword(s):  
Search Space ◽  
Exhaustive Search ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Phasor Measurement Unit ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Search Technique ◽  
Phasor Measurement ◽  
Pmu Placement

This paper proposes a technique to determine the possible optimal placement of the phasor measurement unit (PMU) in power grids for normal operating conditions. All possible combinations of PMU placement, including infeasible combinations, are typically considered in finding the optimal solution, which could be a massive search space. An integer search algorithm called the bounded search technique is introduced to reduce the search space in solving a minimum number of PMU allocations whilst maintaining full system observability. The proposed technique is based on connectivity and symmetry constraints that can be derived from the observability matrix. As the technique is coupled with the exhaustive technique, the technique is called the bounded exhaustive search (BES) technique. Several IEEE test systems, namely, IEEE 9-bus, IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 24-bus and IEEE 30-bus, are considered to showcase the performance of the proposed technique. An initial Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to evaluate the capability of the bounded search technique in providing a smaller feasible search space. The effectiveness of the BES technique in terms of computational time is compared with the existing exhaustive technique. Results demonstrate that the search space can be reduced tremendously, and the computational burden can be eased, when finding the optimal PMU placement in power grids.

scholarly journals Optimization of Phasor Measurement Unit Placement Using Several Proposed Case Factors for Power Network Monitoring

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5596
Author(s):  
Maveeya Baba ◽  
Nursyarizal B. M. Nor ◽  
M. Aman Sheikh ◽  
A. Momin Baba ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Phasor Measurement Unit ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Power Flow Control ◽  
Phasor Measurement ◽  
Pmu Placement

Recent developments in electrical power systems are concerned not only with static power flow control but also with their control during dynamic processes. Smart Grids came into being when it was noticed that the traditional electrical power system structure was lacking in reliability, power flow control, and consistency in the monitoring of phasor quantities. The Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is one of the main critical factors for Smart Grid (SG) operation. It has the ability to provide real-time synchronized measurement of phasor quantities with the help of a Global Positioning System (GPS). However, when considering the installation costs of a PMU device, it is far too expensive to equip on every busbar in all grid stations. Therefore, this paper proposes a new approach for the Optimum Placement of the PMU problem (OPP problem) to minimize the installed number of PMUs and maximize the measurement redundancy of the network. Exclusion of the unwanted nodes technique is used in the proposed approach, in which only the most desirable buses consisting of generator bus and load bus are selected, without considering Pure Transit Nodes (PTNs) in the optimum PMU placement sets. The focal point of the proposed work considers, most importantly, the case factor of the exclusion technique of PTNs from the optimum PMU locations, as prior approaches concerning almost every algorithm have taken PTNs as their optimal PMU placement sets. Furthermore, other case factors of the proposed approach, namely, PMU channel limits, radial bus, and single PMU outage, are also considered for the OPP problem. The proposed work is tested on standard Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE)-case studies from MATPOWER on the MATLAB software. To show the success of the proposed work, the outputs are compared with the existing techniques.

scholarly journals Optimization of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) Placement: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Rachana Pandey ◽  
◽  
Dr. H.K. Verma ◽  
Dr. Arun Parakh ◽  
Dr. Cheshta Jain Khare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Phasor Measurement Unit ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Placement Problem ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Phasor Measurement ◽  
Huge Data ◽  
Pmu Placement ◽  
Optimal Pmu Placement

In today’s world, a Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is a crucial component of our power network for managing, controlling, and monitoring. PMU can provide synchronized voltage current, and frequency measurements in real time. We can't put a PMU in every bus in the electrical grid because it's not viable from a productivity and economic standpoint, and it's also not practical for handling huge data. As a result, it's critical to reduce the amount of PMU in the power network while also increasing the power network's observability. The optimal PMU placement problem is solved using a variety of methodologies. The paper's main goal is to provide a brief overview of synchrophasor technology, phasor measurement units (PMU), and optimal PMU placement in order to reduce the number of PMUs in the system while maintaining complete observability and application in today's power systems.

Optimal Phasor Measurement Unit Placement for Monitoring of PEA Bowin Power

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Korn Khunikakorn ◽  
Sanchai Dechanupaprittha
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phasor Measurement Unit ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Greedy Method ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Phasor Measurement ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pmu Placement

This paper presents an optimal method of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) placement in Bowin area distribution grid of the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) using the Improved Greedy Method (IGM) in order to achieve a minimum number of PMUs for complete observability of all bus voltages. The proposed method introduces the criteria of bus selection for PMU placement, regarding a number of branches connected to the selected bus as well as the length of those branches. Subsequently, the mismatches of the observed voltages resulted from the proposed method are compared with those resulted from the Depth First Search (DFS) using the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) and the original Greedy method (GDY) to reveal the effectiveness of the proposed placement methods. For the DFS and GDY methods, a bus with the highest number of connected branches is initially selected as the first PMU bus. However, if there is more than one bus, the first PMU bus will be randomly selected from those qualified. On the other hand, the PMU bus firstly selected by the IGM must have the highest number of connected branches as well as the minimum total distance or total impedance of all observable buses. The findings resulted from the IGM are the optimal PMU placement with the total distance of the connected branches less than the other methods, especially for, large-scale networks. According to the comparison results among the DFS, GDY and IGM, the mean absolute error (MAE) of the angle and the magnitude voltage of all buses resulted from the IGM is the lowest for a wide range of load conditions, while the MAE resulted from the DFS is the highest.

scholarly journals A Novel Island Detection Threshold Setting Using Phasor Measurement Unit Voltage Angle in a Distribution Network

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4877
Author(s):  
Ahmed Amirul Arefin ◽  
Khairul Nisak Binti Md. Hasan ◽  
Mohammad Lutfi Othman ◽  
Mohd Fakhizan Romlie ◽  
Nordin Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Test System ◽  
Phasor Measurement Unit ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Transient Faults ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Phasor Measurement ◽  
Threshold Setting

Islanding detection needs are becoming a pivotal constituent of the power system, since the penetration of distributed generators in the utility power system is continually increasing. Accurate threshold setting is an integral part of the island detection scheme since an inappropriate threshold might cause a hazardous situation. This study looked at the islanding conditions as well as two transient faults, such as a single line to ground fault and a three-phase balance fault, to assess the event distinguishing ability of the proposed method. Therefore, the goal of this research was to determine the threshold of the island if the distributed generator (DG) capacity is greater than the connected feeder load, which is the over-frequency island condition, and if the DG capacity is less than the connected feeder load, which is the under-frequency island condition. The significance of this research work is to propose a new island detection threshold setting method using the slip angle and acceleration angle that comes from phasor measurement unit (PMU) voltage angle data. The proposed threshold setting method was simulated in the PowerWorld simulator on a modified IEEE 30 bus system equipped with DG. There are three different interconnection scenarios in the test system and the performance of the proposed method shows that getting the island threshold for all the scenarios requires a single time step or 20 mile seconds after incepting an island into the network. In addition, it can distinguish between the real islanding threshold and the transient faults threshold.

scholarly journals Intelligent fault analysis of transmission line using phasor measurement unit incorporating auto-reclosure protection scheme

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunjabihari Swain ◽  
Murthy Cherukuri
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Phasor Measurement Unit ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Phasor Measurement

AbstractThe power system stability and reliability are stimulated by the faults on the transmission line. Many researchers have explored the performance of the transmission system under various kinds of faults. Specifically, the arrival of expeditious and effective data acquisition systems with high rate of sampling has set down the foundation for successful real-time monitoring. Using the LabVIEW and the data acquisition system’s of National Instruments (NI), virtual systems have been developed for obtaining optimal paradigmatic data with appropriate characterization and quality transmission. The primary objective of the work is to perceive and comprehend the transmission line faults with the aid of synchronized phasor measurements obtained from the phasor measurement unit (PMU) as well as protecting the system using auto-reclosing signal. The developed algorithms include phaselet coefficients for perception as well as comprehension. In order to increase the accuracy, particle swarm optimized extreme learning machine technique has also been used for comprehension. A protection scheme is employed using auto-reclosing to minimize the power loss and quick reconnection the power line in case of temporary fault. Developed algorithms have been validated on a practical laboratory transmission line using NI PMU. As the LabVIEW platform has been used for simulations, it is composed of visual displays such that the system operator can efficiently perform the planning and control decisions.

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