Application of Evans Index in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Patients: A Mini Review

With an ever-growing aging population, the prevalence of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is increasing. Clinical symptoms of NPH include cognitive impairment, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence. Surgery can improve symptoms, which leads to the disease's alternative name: treatable dementia. The Evans index (EI), defined as the ratio of the maximal width of the frontal horns to the maximum inner skull diameter, is the most commonly used index to indirectly assess the condition of the ventricles in NPH patients. EI measurement is simple, fast, and does not require any special software; in clinical practice, an EI >0.3 is the criterion for ventricular enlargement. However, EI's measurement methods, threshold setting, correlation with ventricle volume, and even its clinical value has been questioned. Based on the EI, the z-EI and anteroposterior diameter of the lateral ventricle index were derived and are discussed in this review.

Cable Temperature Alarm Threshold Setting Method Based on Convolutional Neural Network

Power cable is used more and more in the power network, and its significance to the safety and stability of the power network is increasingly prominent. Especially in the urban power grid, the high voltage cable is related to the normal production and life of the city. Because of the particularity of the laying environment, it is very difficult to find and eliminate the fault points once the cable faults occur, which seriously affects the reliability of the power grid. Currently, 25% of cable faults are caused by elevated cable temperature, so it is important to set the cable temperature alarm threshold accurately. In this paper, a method of setting temperature alarm threshold using convolutional neural network is proposed. Experiments show that this method is 60% more accurate than other methods.

LIMITATION ASSESSMENT AND WORKFLOW REFINEMENT OF THE MANGROVE VEGETATION INDEX (MVI)-BASED MAPPING METHODOLOGY USING SENTINEL-2 IMAGERY

The Mangrove Vegetation Index (MVI) was developed to map mangroves extent from remotely-sensed imageries accurately and quickly. MVI measures the probability of a pixel to be a ‘mangrove’ by extracting the greenness and moisture information from the green, NIR, and SWIR bands. The range of MVI values may vary depending on factors such as land cover classes, climatic conditions, or tidal conditions. Mapping the scope of mangrove sites involves setting a maximum and minimum MVI threshold to separate them from other land cover classes and vegetation. Although the MVI has a high index accuracy, its mapping performance is limited by some biophysical and environmental factors. Misclassification occurs in aquacultural areas, irrigated croplands, and sites with palm trees where mangrove and surrounding vegetation pixels have highly similar spectral signatures. There are scenes with complex environments, such as in aquaculture areas and along a network of rivers and streams, where an optimal threshold varies across the site, and setting a single MVI threshold may not yield excellent results. An automated threshold setting using the Otsu method was explored; however, the results were inaccurate due to a low intensity contrast between mangroves and other vegetation in the MVI raster layer. This study also looked into possible adjustments to improve the manual threshold setting workflow for a successful mapping of mangrove extent using MVI on Sentinel-2 imagery.

Research and Simulation of Handover Algorithm in Mobile Communication System

In order to improve the handover rate and quickly handover the target cell, the handover control algorithm of the mobile communication system is explored, and the handover algorithm that combines signal strength and signal quality is researched. At the same time, it is experimentally demonstrated, and the handover user and the new user will be connected. The influence of the entry control threshold setting on the system was compared.

Automatic Polyp and InstrumentSegmentation in MedAI-2021

Polyp and instrument segmentation plays a vital role in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in that physicians visually inspect the bowel with an endoscope to identify polyps. However, recent works only focus on the accuracy of prediction in the positive samples while omitting the False-Positive (FP) predictions in the negative samples that might mislead the physicians. Here, we propose a novel Dual Model Filtering (DMF) strategy, which efficiently removes FP predictions in negative samples with metrics based threshold setting. To better adapt high-resolution input with various distributions, we embed the PVTv2 backbone to the framework SINetV2 as our model since the polyp segmentation is one of the downstream tasks of camouflaged object detection (COD). Experiments on challenging MedAI datasets demonstrate our method achieves excellent performance. We also conduct extensive experiments to study the effectiveness of the DMF.

Sliding Dynamics and Bifurcations of a Filippov System with Nonlinear Threshold Control

Considering the effectiveness of introducing the change rate of viral loads into the threshold setting policy for triggering interventions, we propose an immune-virus Filippov system with a nonlinear threshold. By developing new analytical and numerical methods, we systematically studied the rich dynamical behaviors and bifurcations of the proposed system, including the existence of three sliding segments and three pseudo-equilibria, boundary-center bifurcation, boundary-saddle bifurcation, pseudo-saddle-node bifurcation and tangency bifurcation. We further showed that the proposed system can exhibit virous structures in the coexistence of multiple steady states. Phenomena include bistability of two pseudo-equilibria, tristability and multiplestability of two pseudo-equilibria with regular equilibria or touching cycles. The modeling methods, as well as the analytical and numerical methods, can be widely applied to many other fields.

Applying Waveform Correlation to Reduce Seismic Analyst Workload Due to Repeating Mining Blasts

ABSTRACT Agencies that monitor for underground nuclear tests are interested in techniques that automatically characterize mining blasts to reduce the human analyst effort required to produce high-quality event bulletins. Waveform correlation is effective in finding similar waveforms from repeating seismic events, including mining blasts. We report the results of an experiment to detect and identify mining blasts for two regions, Wyoming (U.S.A.) and Scandinavia, using waveform templates recorded by multiple International Monitoring System stations of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO PrepCom) for up to 10 yr prior to the time of interest. We discuss approaches for template selection, threshold setting, and event detection that are specialized for characterizing mining blasts using a sparse, global network. We apply the approaches to one week of data for each of the two regions to evaluate the potential for establishing a set of standards for waveform correlation processing of mining blasts that can be generally applied to operational monitoring systems with a sparse network. We compare candidate events detected with our processing methods to the Reviewed Event Bulletin of the International Data Centre to assess potential reduction in analyst workload.

Colorectal cancer screening: foreign guidelines on fecal immunochemical test cut-off (review)

Introduction. According to WHO data for 2020, colorectal cancer occupies first (highest) position (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) in the top ranking list of the most frequent cancers in the Russian Federation. Colorectal cancer screening plays a pivotal role in early diagnosis and treatment. The best positive threshold values for hemoglobin concentration in a quantitative fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are postulated in a fraction of foreign recommendations. We reviewed the FIT cut-off values in those clinical guidelines. Materials and methods. The relevant publications were retrieved from PubMed and Google. The search horizon covered the last decade. Searches used the terms: «fecal immunochemical test» AND «screening» OR «cancer» AND «colorectal» OR «colon» OR «rectum", as well as other semantic and thematic forms. The recommendations appeared in last decade were reviewed. Results. This review summarizes the cut-off values for hemoglobin concentration in FIT, included in the clinical and laboratory guidelines developed in such regions as: Europe, Canada, USA, New Zealand. Many CRC screening programs use the FIT with a threshold setting for interpreting a positive test result. In practice, a wide range of options for threshold hemoglobin concentrations is used to interpret positive results of quantitative FIT. The FIT cut-off value is critically important to select the size of population for further examination depending on capacity of colonoscopy units. Discussion and conclusions. The foreign guidelines don’t establish single unified approach for FIT results interpretation, which would be an optimal fit for all imaginable practical situations in healthcare system. Improvement of screening techniques based on FIT would lead to the further steps on the way towards more effective and safe CRC diagnosis.