Analysis of a gas station hybridization with a solar thermal plant by using ETAP

<p><span>Iraq is facing deficiency of electric power for last decades. The main reason for deficiency of electric power is due to less respect of analytical load flow studies of electric supply substation. To stop and overcome such situation in future, researchers should be analyzing different power substation focusing on load flow studies, short circuit studies and protection schemes. Due to lack of research and studies on load flow and fault analysis, Iraq is facing a lot of issues, such as power failures and high copper losses, solving of these problems on substation level, demand a high familiarity about the power system. In this paper we analyses combined typical gas station with solar thermal power station and survey load flow, short circuit, transient stability, and voltage drop before and after combined station by using electrical transient analyzer program (ETAP). Now a day’s power supply reliability and goodness are big interest. analyses of power system are a main part in power system designing and planning, in order to accommodate future loads and the expansion of cities.</span></p>

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Load Flow Analysis and Short Circuit Faults with the Additional Distributed Generation Wind Turbine 300 kW at Andalas University

Andalas Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology ◽

10.25077/ajeeet.v1i1.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 41-47

Author(s):

Fadhel Putra Winarta ◽

Yoli Andi Rozzi

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Electric Power ◽

Power Flow ◽

Voltage Drop ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Load Flow ◽

Electric Power System ◽

A Value

The study of electric power flow analysis (Load Flow) is intended to obtain information about the flow of power or voltage in an electric power system network. This information is needed to evaluate the performance of the power system. Electrical power flow problems include calculating the flow and system voltage at certain terminals or buses. The benefits of this power flow study are to find out the voltage at each node in the system, to find out whether all the equipment meets the specified limits to deliver the desired power, and to obtain the original conditions in the new system planning. This study is divided into two: the analysis of data when the conditions have not been added wind turbine and after the addition of 300 kW wind turbine with software power station ETAP software 12.6.0 and the Newton-Raphson method will be used in analyzing the power flow of the electric power system. Based on the results of the tests, it is found that the overall value of losses for power flow before the addition of DG is 0.031 MW and 0.037 Mvar, for the voltage drop with the lowest percentage, namely on bus 10 with a percentage of 96.45 for the 0.4 kV system and the 20 kV system on bus 19 with a percentage of 99.03, the largest% PF load was in lump 1 with 98.64 and the smallest% PF was in lump7 with a value of 84.92. The short circuit data value on the 20 kV bus system at Andalas University before the addition of DG with 3-phase disturbances averaged 13.354 A, 1-phase disturbances averaged 3.521 A, 2-phase disturbances averaged 11.719 A and 2 ground phases of 12.842 A Whereas for the value of power flow after the addition of DG in the form of the wind turbine of 300 kW the overall value of losses is 0.032 MW and 0.042 MvarAR, for the voltage drop with the percentage for voltage drop with the lowest percentage is bus 10 with a percentage of 96.63 for system 0, 4 kV and a 20 kV system on bus 14 with a percentage of 98.1, the largest% PF load is in lump 1 with 98.64 and the smallest% PF is in lump7 with a value of 84.92. The short circuit data value on the 20 kV bus system at Andalas University after the addition of DG with 3 phase disturbances has an average value of 13.354 A, 1 phase disturbance averages 3.523 A, 2 phase disturbances average 11.737 A and 2 phases ground is 12.059 A For the source in this system, after the addition of DG, there was a change in the% PF of the PLN grid, namely 79.53 and the wind turbine -83%.

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Analyses and Monitoring of Power Grid

Innovation in Power, Control, and Optimization ◽

10.4018/978-1-61350-138-2.ch011 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 315-343

Author(s):

Rana A. Jabbar ◽

Muhammad Junaid ◽

M. A. Masood ◽

A. Bashir ◽

M. Mansoor

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Electric Power ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Load Flow ◽

Power Company ◽

Power Loading ◽

Electric Power Company ◽

Ground Grid ◽

Integrated Power System

Power system analyses and monitoring of power system engineering are as essential as oxygen for human beings. This innovative approach deals with a 132 kV grid simulation in electrical transient analyzer program (ETAP). The existing power distribution system in Pakistan consists of approximately six thousand 11 kV feeders, which are mainly analyzed by software FDR-ANA (Feeder Analyses). This software does not have capability to provide comprehensive analyses for integrated power system. The case under study is 132 kV grid situated in Gujranwala electric power company (GEPCO), one of the distribution companies (DISCO’s) of Pakistan electric power company (PEPCO) which has been selected for comprehensive analyses using ETAP software. This software performs numerical calculations of large integrated power system with fabulous speed, besides generating output reports. In a developing country like Pakistan it is first time that analyses based Off-line monitoring has been made, which includes load flow, harmonic, transient, short circuit and ground grid analyses. In load flow analysis, current flowing in every branch, power factor, active and reactive power flow, line losses, voltage magnitude with angle etc. have been calculated. During harmonic analysis, distorted current and voltage waveforms along with their harmonic spectrum caused by non-linear loads have been recorded. Transient analysis has been performed to record different waveforms like variation in bus frequency, bus real power loading, bus voltage angle, and bus reactive power loading for short interval of time during transient conditions. In ground grid modeling, step, and touch potentials have been calculated in comparison with set standards. While performing short circuit analysis, all the possible short circuit faults like line to ground, double line to ground, 3-phase faults etc. on ½ cycle, 1.5 to 4 cycle, and 30 cycle networks have been performed to record the short circuit currents. These analyses have been executed using ETAP software, based upon historical data obtained from original system that will be very helpful for system security and reliability.

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Separation of Transformers for Class 1E Systems in Nuclear Power Plants

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations ◽

10.1155/2017/3976049 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sang-Hyun Lee ◽

Choong-Koo Chang

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Electric Power ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Power Plants ◽

Voltage Drop ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Electric Power System ◽

Improved Model

In order to supply electric power to the safety related loads, safety and reliability of onsite power have to be ensured for the safety function performance in nuclear power plants. Even though the existing electric power system of APR1400 meets the requirements of codes regarding Class 1E system, there is a room for improvement in the design margin against the voltage drop and short circuit current. This paper discusses the amount that the voltage drop and short circuit current occur in the existing electric power system of APR1400. Additionally, this paper studies with regard to the improved model that has the extra margin against the high voltage drop and short circuit current by separation of unit auxiliary transformer (UAT) and standby auxiliary transformer (SAT) for the Class 1E loads. The improved model of the electric power system by separation of UAT and SAT has been suggested through this paper. Additionally, effects of reliability and cost caused by the electric power system modification are considered.

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Modelling of an Electric Power Grid for New Power Plant Evacuation

FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology ◽

10.46792/fuoyejet.v3i2.219 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sunday Adetona ◽

Emenike Ugwuagbo ◽

Frank Okafor ◽

Tolulope Akinbulire

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Power System ◽

Electric Power ◽

Transient Stability ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Power Grid ◽

Load Flow ◽

System Stability ◽

System Component ◽

Electric Power Grid

Injection of a new power system component into an existing power grid often cause change in the behaviour of the power grid to which it is injected. Therefore, forecasting possible unsafe condition(s) of the power grid using an efficient power study tool is essential; and, provision of necessary mitigation actions to ensure a reliable grid is important. This paper, therefore, presents evacuation study of a 400 MW power plant connecting to the 15 GW planned transmission network of the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN). The NEPLAN power system analytical software was used in the modelling and simulation of the electric power grid. In the research, load flow, short circuit, transient stability, and contingency analyses were performed on the case study. From the short circuit study, it is observed that if TCN network expansion program is fully implemented, the short circuit level will go beyond the existing switchgear ratings in major substations of the network. However, with the introduction of substation splitting at Omotoso and ongoing Ogijo substations, the short circuit level will be reduced by 15%; leading to improvement in the overall system stability. Keywords—Load flow, short circuit study, transient stability study, and contingency analysis

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The Effect of Distributed Generator Injection with Different Numbers of Units on Power Quality in the Electric Power System

Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering ◽

10.29103/jreece.v1i2.5236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Robi Kurniawan ◽

Ardiansyah Nasution ◽

Arnawan Hasibuan ◽

Muzamir Isa ◽

Muskan Gard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Electric Power ◽

Distributed Generation ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Voltage Drop ◽

Load Flow ◽

Electric Power System ◽

Total Loss ◽

Electrical Network ◽

Power Losses

Distributed Generation (DG) is a small capacity generator located in the electricity distribution system and is usually placed on buses that are connected directly to the load. Placement of distributed generation is one of the technical efforts to reduce voltage drop and power losses in the system. In addition, load flow analysis is a study to plan and determine the amount of power in an electric power system. The results of power losses after adding distributed generation were the best in the fifth experiment on bus 149, where the system experienced a total loss of active power (P) previously of 720,822 kW, to 682,939 kW and total loss of reactive power (Q) previously of 530.02 kVar, to 405.835 kVar. From the results of the calculation of the power flow using ETAP software (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program). So, it can be concluded that the electrical network system can be said to be good. The results obtained are the more DG (wind turbine generator) that is input into the bus it will reduce the voltage drop that occurs. After simulating the overall voltage drop, it still meets the standards according to the results of the Text Report on ETAP.

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A Novel Methodology for Adaptive Coordination of Multiple Controllers in Electrical Grids

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9131474 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (13) ◽

pp. 1474

Author(s):

Ruben Tapia-Olvera ◽

Francisco Beltran-Carbajal ◽

Antonio Valderrabano-Gonzalez ◽

Omar Aguilar-Mejia

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Electric Power ◽

Large Scale ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Dynamic Performance ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Electric Power System ◽

Design Stage ◽

Positive Interaction

This proposal is aimed to overcome the problem that arises when diverse regulation devices and controlling strategies are involved in electric power systems regulation design. When new devices are included in electric power system after the topology and regulation goals were defined, a new design stage is generally needed to obtain the desired outputs. Moreover, if the initial design is based on a linearized model around an equilibrium point, the new conditions might degrade the whole performance of the system. Our proposal demonstrates that the power system performance can be guaranteed with one design stage when an adequate adaptive scheme is updating some critic controllers’ gains. For large-scale power systems, this feature is illustrated with the use of time domain simulations, showing the dynamic behavior of the significant variables. The transient response is enhanced in terms of maximum overshoot and settling time. This is demonstrated using the deviation between the behavior of some important variables with StatCom, but without or with PSS. A B-Spline neural networks algorithm is used to define the best controllers’ gains to efficiently attenuate low frequency oscillations when a short circuit event is presented. This strategy avoids the parameters and power system model dependency; only a dataset of typical variable measurements is required to achieve the expected behavior. The inclusion of PSS and StatCom with positive interaction, enhances the dynamic performance of the system while illustrating the ability of the strategy in adding different controllers in only one design stage.

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