scholarly journals Evaluation of exponential moving average application to smooth the power output of wind turbine with different control modes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 4708
Author(s):  
Dinh Chung Phan ◽  
Ngọc An Luu
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Average Method ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Smoothing Factor ◽  
The Impact

This paper focused on evaluating the application of exponential moving average method into wind turbine to smooth its power output without an energy storage system or an anemometer. Wind turbine control modes including active power control mode and rotor speed control mode are considered. For each control mode, two positions of the Exponential Moving Average method in controller were compared to choose the best position. Additionally, the impact of smoothing factor on wind turbine performance was also considered to determine a reasonable value of the smoothing factor for each control mode. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink indicated that, for wind turbine using rotor speed control mode, the Exponential Moving Average method should be applied to reduce the variation of actual rotor speed signal while for wind turbine with the power control mode, it should be used to smooth reference power signal. From the performance of wind turbine with different smoothing factor values, we can suggest that the smoothing factor value should be set at 0.5 and 0.4 for the power control mode and the rotor speed control mode, respectively.

scholarly journals Design of Supervisory Control for Speed Control of Wind Turbine using Torque-Control Method Based on Buck Converter

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 00019
Author(s):  
Katherin Indriawati ◽  
Choirul Mufit ◽  
Andi Rahmadiansah
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Buck Converter ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Integral Control

The variation of wind speed causes the electric power generated by the turbine also varies. To obtain maximum power, the rotor speed of wind turbines must be optimally rated. The rotor speed can be controlled by manipulating the torque from the generator; this method is called Torque Control. In that case, a DC-DC converter is needed as the control actuator. In this study, a buck converter-based supervisory control design was performed on the Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT). Supervisory control is composed of two control loops arranged in cascade, and there is a formula algorithm as the supervisory level. The primary loop uses proportional control mode with a proportional gain of 0.3, whereas in the secondary loop using proportional-integral control mode with a proportional gain of 5.2 and an integral gain of 0.1. The Supervisory control has been implemented successfully and resulted in an average increase in turbine power of 4.1 % at 5 m s–1 and 10.58 % at 6 m s–1 and 11.65 % at 7 m s–1, compared to wind turbine systems without speed control.

scholarly journals Retaining of Frequency in Micro-grid with Wind Turbine and Diesel Generator

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3646-3651
Author(s):  
P. D. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Micro Grid

This paper aims to compare the performance of frequency regulation with two control modes of controller including power control scheme and rotor speed control scheme. The frequency control in this research is based on the frequency droop control method but fuzzy logic is used to define the frequency droop coefficient. To compare the performance of these control modes, a simulation of a micro-grid with the existence of a group of doubly fed induction generator wind turbine system and a diesel generator is fulfilled in Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results indicated that the frequency in the micro-grid with two control schemes always remains in the operation range. With the power control scheme, the frequency in the micro-grid is smoother than that with the rotor speed control. Additionally, DFIG wind turbine with the power control scheme has a better performance in terms of electrical energy when compared to the rotor speed control scheme, and hence the cost of fuel used by diesel is less costly.

scholarly journals Smoothing the Power Output of a Wind Turbine Group with a Compensation Strategy of Power Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7343-7348
Author(s):  
P. D. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Average Method ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Power Variation ◽  
Actual Output

This paper proposes a new scheme to reduce the output power variation range of a wind turbine group without an energy storage system. This proposal is based on the active power compensation principle for each wind turbine. In this research, the wind turbine operates in the active power control mode. The reference active power is calculated in such a way that it compensates for the difference between the average output power and the actual output power. To verify and evaluate the proposed method, we simulated a group of two 1.5MW-wind turbines in the Simulink environment of MATLAB. Simulation results were compared to the ones of a wind turbine group without any smoothing scheme and the ones of the same group with the Exponential Moving Average method. From this comparison, we can conclude that with the proposed method, the actual output power of the wind turbine group becomes smoother than that of the wind turbine group without any smoothing scheme. Moreover, the performance of the wind turbine group with the proposed method is better than that of the wind turbine group with the Exponential Moving Average method.

Improvements in the Power Output of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Due to the Introduction of a Curved Blade

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Clarke ◽  
Sylvester Abanteriba
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Curved Blade ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact on the power generation capacity of a wind turbine as a result of the modification of the shape of the blades of an existing wind turbine. The modification involves curving the blades in the direction of rotation resulting in an increase in generated lift and therefore an increase in the power output of the wind turbine. Two three-bladed models were tested in a wind tunnel, one original straight-bladed model and one modified model both of which were 0.84 m in diameter. A study of the methods of flow visualization for a wind turbine in a wind tunnel was investigated. The corresponding results are presented. It was discovered that the china clay method of flow visualization in conjunction with a strobe light gave a good indication of the direction of the airflow over the turbine blades as did condensed oil droplets from a smoke wand which presented a very clear indication of the span-wise flow. It was concluded from the investigation that curving the blade into the direction of rotation on a wind turbine produced a greater power output at the same wind speed as an unmodified wind turbine.

scholarly journals A Study of the Impact of Pitch Misalignment on Wind Turbine Performance

Machines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Astolfi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
The Impact

Pitch angle control is the most common means of adjusting the torque of wind turbines. The verification of its correct function and the optimization of its control are therefore very important for improving the efficiency of wind kinetic energy conversion. On these grounds, this work is devoted to studying the impact of pitch misalignment on wind turbine power production. A test case wind farm sited onshore, featuring five multi-megawatt wind turbines, was studied. On one wind turbine on the farm, a maximum pitch imbalance between the blades of 4.5 ° was detected; therefore, there was an intervention for recalibration. Operational data were available for assessing production improvement after the intervention. Due to the non-stationary conditions to which wind turbines are subjected, this is generally a non-trivial problem. In this work, a general method was formulated for studying this kind of problem: it is based on the study, before and after the upgrade, of the residuals between the measured power output and a reliable model of the power output itself. A careful formulation of the model is therefore crucial: in this work, an automatic feature selection algorithm based on stepwise multivariate regression was adopted, and it allows identification of the most meaningful input variables for a multivariate linear model whose target is the power of the wind turbine whose pitch has been recalibrated. This method can be useful, in general, for the study of wind turbine power upgrades, which have been recently spreading in the wind energy industry, and for the monitoring of wind turbine performances. For the test case of interest, the power of the recalibrated wind turbine is modeled as a linear function of the active and reactive power of the nearby wind turbines, and it is estimated that, after the intervention, the pitch recalibration provided a 5.5% improvement in the power production below rated power. Wind turbine practitioners, in general, should pay considerable attention to the pitch imbalance, because it increases loads and affects the residue lifetime; in particular, the results of this study indicate that severe pitch misalignment can heavily impact power production.

Analysis on Power Output Capability and its Power Control Strategy of DFIG Wind Turbine under Unbalanced Grid Voltage

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1819-1824
Author(s):  
Shu Ju Hu ◽  
Ling Ling Wang ◽  
Ya Deng
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Voltage Sags ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Unbalanced Voltage ◽  
Power Limit

Wind turbines are required by gird codes that active and reactive power should be fed into power grid during gird faults such as voltage sags. Power output capability is important for DFIG wind turbine to provide active and reactive power support. Constraints of stator, rotor maximum current and maximum output voltage of rotor-side converter (RSC) of DFIG are considered to analyze stator power output limit of the DFIG under unbalanced voltage sags, and newton-raphson method is used to solve the power limits, then the power control strategy based on power limit analysis is proposed. Simulation, calculation and comparison are carried out by a 1.5MW DFIG wind turbine model, and the effectiveness of the analysis and the proposed control strategy is verified.

scholarly journals Research of Power Control for Grid-connected Wind Turbine with Differential Speed Regulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Rui ◽  
Zhang Huan ◽  
Wang Fujun ◽  
Li Gangjun
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Speed Regulation ◽  
Differential Speed

The differential gear train and speed regulating motor constitute the variable ratio transmission for grid-connected wind turbine with differential speed regulation. The synchronous generator in the system can accessing the power grid without frequency converter. The transmission can realize the mode of variable speed constant frequency that the wind rotor speed is varying and the generator rotor speed is constant. The power control method is studied under the different wind speed which is lower or higher than rated wind speed with using the relational expression of utilization rate of wind energy Cp, pitch angle β and the tip speed ratio λ. The SIMULINK software is used to build the 1500 kW wind turbine model with differential speed regulation. Some different wind speed is made as input. The feasibility of power control method for grid-connected wind turbine with differential speed regulation is verified by the comparison between the simulation results and the theoretical value of the key parameters.

scholarly journals Maximum Transmit Power for UE in an LTE Small Cell Uplink

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Haider ◽  
Seung-Hoon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Fractional Power ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Transmit Power ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Maximum Transmit Power ◽  
The Impact

To furnish the network with small cells, it is vital to consider parameters like cell size, interference in the network, and deployment strategies to maximize the network’s performance gains expected from small cells. With a small cell network, it is critical to analyze the impact of the uplink power control parameters on the network’s performance. In particular, the maximum transmit power (Pmax) for user equipment (UE) needs to be revisited for small cells, since it is a major contributor towards interference. In this work, the network performance was evaluated for different Pmax values for the small cell uplink. Various deployment scenarios for furnishing the existing macro layer in LTE networks with small cells were considered. The Pmax limit for a small cell uplink was evaluated for both homogenous small cell and heterogeneous networks (HetNet). The numerical results showed that it would be appropriate to adopt Pmax = 18 dBm in uniformly distributed small cells rather than Pmax = 23 dBm, as in macro environments. The choice of Pmax = 18 dBm was further validated for three HetNet deployment scenarios. A decrease of 0.52 dBm and an increase of 0.03 dBm and 3.29 dBm in the proposed Pmax = 18 dBm were observed for the three HetNet deployments, respectively. Furthermore, we propose that the fractional power control mode can be employed instead of the full compensation mode in small cell uplinks.

Optimal Pitch Control Design With Disturbance Rejection for the Controls Advanced Research Turbine

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wenzhong Gao ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Jianhui Wang ◽  
Tianqi Gao ◽  
Margareta Stefanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Coupled Modes ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Pitch Control ◽  
Model Based ◽  
The Impact

Advanced and model-based control techniques have become prevalent in modern wind turbine controls in the past decade. These methods are more attractive compared to the commonly used proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, as the turbine structural flexibility is increased with multiple and coupled modes. The disturbance accommodating control (DAC) is an effective turbine control approach for the above-rated wind speed region. DAC augments the turbine state-space model with a predefined disturbance waveform model, based on which the controller reduces the impact of wind disturbances on the system output (e.g., rotor speed). However, DAC cannot completely reject the wind disturbance in certain situations, and this results in steady-state regulation errors in the turbine rotor speed and electric power. In this paper, we propose a novel wind turbine pitch control using optimal control theory. The obtained feedback and feedforward control terms function to stabilize the turbine system and reject wind disturbances, respectively, derived systematically based on the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves desired rotor speed regulation with significantly reduced steady-state errors under turbulent winds, which is simulated on the model of the three-bladed controls advanced research turbine (CART3) using the FAST code.

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