An empirical correlation of ambient temperature impact on PV module considering natural convection

<p><span>In this paper, the effect of the ambient temperature on the PV modules for different angles of inclinations and different intensities of the solar radiation on the surface of the PV module is considered by using empirical correlations for natural convection. An analytical model based on the energy balance equilibrium between the PV module and the environment conditions has been used. Also an expression for calculating the electric power of silicon PV modules in a function of the ambient temperature, the intensity of the solar radiation, the incident angle of the solar radiation to the surface of the PV module and the efficiency of the PV modules at STC conditions have been used. By comparing the obtained both results, it can be seen that the largest deviation between the power values obtained by the analytical model and expression is about (5 %). The results obtained indicates that in the case of a small number of PV modules corresponding to the required number for an average household, it is more economical to invest additional resources in increasing the PV module's surface area than in case of the PV module with sun tracking system. </span></p>

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Performansi aktual modul photovoltaik dengan pengarah matahari

Jurnal Teknik Mesin Indonesia ◽

10.36289/jtmi.v12i2.80 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jalaluddin . ◽

Baharuddin Mire

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Local Time ◽

Performance Characteristic ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Photovoltaic Module ◽

Experiment Data ◽

Actual Performance ◽

Pv Module ◽

Solar Tracking ◽

Pv Modules

Actual performance of photovoltaic module with solar tracking is presented. Solar radiation can be converted into electrical energy using photovoltaic (PV) modules. Performance of polycristalline silicon PV modules with and without solar tracking are investigated experimentally. The PV module with dimension 698 x 518 x 25 mm has maximum power and voltage is 45 Watt and 18 Volt respectively. Based on the experiment data, it is concluded that the performance of PV module with solar tracking increases in the morning and afternoon compared with that of fixed PV module. It increases about 18 % in the morning from 10:00 to 12:00 and in the afternoon from 13:30 to 14:00 (local time). This study also shows the daily performance characteristic of the two PV modules. Using PV module with solar tracking provides a better performance than fixed PV module.

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Analysis of the influence of the ambient temperature on the energy efficiency of solar modules by application of empirical correlations for natural convection

TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) ◽

10.12928/telkomnika.v19i2.16102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 540

Author(s):

Shahir Fleyeh Nawaf ◽

Mohammad Omar Salih ◽

Younis Nather Younis

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Natural Convection ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Empirical Correlations

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Evaluation of the PV energy production determined by measurements, simulation and analytical calculations

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20198504002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 ◽

pp. 04002

Author(s):

Dorin Petreuş ◽

Mugur Bălan ◽

Octavian Pop ◽

Radu Etz ◽

Toma Patărău

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Analytical Model ◽

Energy Production ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Experimental System ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Accuracy Evaluation ◽

Tilted Plane

The study provides a comparative analysis of the energy production of a 3 kW peak PV array connected in an islanded microgrid, in correlation with solar radiation and ambient temperature measurements. The experimental system is located in Cluj-Napoca Romania and was monitored during the year 2017, based on a graphical user interface. It was also evaluated the capability to predict the PV energy production by using the PV*SOL simulation software and an analytical model, developed at the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca. As input data in the analytical model was used the measured solar radiation and ambient temperature while in the simulations was used alternatively measured data and average meteorological data available in the software database. Besides energy production it was compared the solar radiation on the tilted plane of the PV panels, the PV panel's temperature and the system efficiency. For the predictions accuracy evaluation it was used the weighted mean absolute error based on total energy production, which was found to be lower than 1%, in good agreement with the values reported in literature. The outcomes of this study are valuable for expanding the PV installations in this area and for predictive energy management developments.

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Improvement Approach for Matching PV-array and Inverter of Grid Connected PV Systems Verified by a Case Study

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.2021.36082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 687-697

Author(s):

Moien A. Omar ◽

Marwan M. Mahmoud

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Output Power ◽

Peak Power ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Voltage Range ◽

Pv Array ◽

High Solar Radiation ◽

Pv Modules

Correct matching between PV array and inverter improves the inverter efficiency, increases the annual produced energy, decreases the clipping losses of the inverter, and prevent to a large extent the inverter frequent shut downs during clear sunny days of high solar radiation and low ambient temperature. Therefore, this paper presents a new methodology for selecting the appropriate peak power of the PV array with respect to the inverter output AC rated power taking into account the local daily distribution of solar radiation and ambient temperature. In addition, the proposed methodology specifies the appropriate number of PV modules in each string and the number of parallel strings connected to the input of the inverteraccording to its specifications and to PV cell temperature. Mathematically modeling of system parameters and components are presented and used in the simulation to investigate the different scenarios. The paper presents also a case study using simulation to find the optimal matching parameters of a PV array connected to an inverter with the specifications: 6 kW rated output power, an input mpp voltage range of 333-500 V, 6.2 kW maximum input DC power, and an output AC voltage of 230 Vrms. Considering the local climate conditions in West Bank, the simulation resulted a peak power of 7 kW for the PV array, which is greater than the inverter output power by the factor 1.16. In addition, the obtained PV array consists of two parallel strings each includes 12 PV modules connected in series while each PV module is rated at 290 W. The output voltage of the PV arrayvaries between 359 V to 564 Vat minimum and maximum temperature of 10 ˚C to 70 ˚C respectively. This PV array-inverter combination resulted by simulation an annual yield of 1600 kWh/kWp and an energy of 11197 kWh which corresponds to an energy gain of 1591 kWh/year more than using a PV array with a peak power of 6 kW as the inverter rated power.

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A thermal model for open-rack mounted photovoltaic modules based on empirical correlations for natural and forced convection

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci180512020p ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (6 Part A) ◽

pp. 3551-3566

Author(s):

Bojan Perovic ◽

Dardan Klimenta ◽

Miroljub Jevtic ◽

Milos Milovanovic

Keyword(s):

Forced Convection ◽

Wind Direction ◽

Thermal Model ◽

Energy Balance Equation ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Empirical Correlations ◽

Pv Module ◽

Steady State Operation ◽

Pv Modules ◽

Module Type

This paper proposes a thermal model for calculating the temperature of open-rack mounted photovoltaic (PV) modules taking into account the meteorological conditions, position (i. e. the inclination of one PV module and the angle between its surface and wind direction) and technical characteristics of the PV modules. The present model is valid for the steady-state operation and is based on the energy balance equation in which the forced convection is modelled by the new empirical correlations. The possibility of occurrence of the flow separation along the surfaces of the PV modules is included in these correlations. The effect of the angle between the wind direction and the PV module plane, which is usually ignored in the modelling of forced convection, is also taken into consideration. In this manner, it is possible to estimate the temperature of PV modules more precisely, as well as to determine the power and efficiency which depend on the temperature. For four particular PV modules, it is found that the temperatures, obtained using the proposed thermal model, are in good agreement with the corresponding measured temperatures. Compared with the other models commonly used for thermal analysis of PV modules (SNL and NOCT-based correlations), this model yielded better results. The deviation of the PV module temperature calculated using the proposed thermal model from the measured one is up to 2?C, and the deviations of the PV module temperatures calculated using the SNL and NOCT-based correlations from the measured ones amount up to 5?C and 20?C, respectively, depending on the PV module type and ambient conditions.

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Evaluating the Impacts of Ground and Atmospheric Conditions on the Efficiency of Solar Energy System and Its Economic Analysis

10.20944/preprints201806.0324.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Saleh Aziz ◽

Mohammad Faridun Naim Tajuddin ◽

Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban ◽

Lucian Mihet-Popa ◽

Mohd Rafi Adzman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Base Station ◽

Base Case ◽

Solar Pv ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Pv Array ◽

Pv Modules

The There are many factors influencing the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Among these factors, temperature and solar radiation are two major parameters that have a large effect on the efficiency of PV systems. The cell temperature of PV panels is related to the ambient temperature while the solar radiation incident on the surface of the PV modules depends on the slope and azimuth of these modules. Furthermore, ground reflectance (albedo) affects the irradiance incident on the PV panel surface, which in turn affects the output of a PV system. Nevertheless, the effects of these factors on the economic performance of the solar PV systems are scarcely reported. This paper presents a complete design of a stand-alone PV/battery system to supply electric power for a mobile base station in Choman, Erbil, Iraq. The effects of different factors on the total electricity produced by PV arrays and its economic performance are simultaneously investigated. HOMER software has been used as a tool for the techno-economic and environmental analysis. As indicated from the simulation results, the PV array capacity and its economic performance are highly affected by the variation of the slope and azimuth. With a base case (albedo of 20% and average annual ambient temperature of 11°C), the best feasible system which is achieved by facing PV due to south with a tilt angle of 40° or 45°, is found to have net present cost (NPC) of 70595 $ and cost of energy (COE) of 0.54 $/kWh. Moreover, the results indicate that increasing the ground reflectance from 10% to 90% results in a 7.2% decrease in the PV array capacity and about 3% decrease in the NPC and COE. On the other hand, increasing the ambient temperature from 0°C to 40°C results in a 19.7% increase in the PV array capacity and an 8.2% increase in the NPC and COE. Furthermore, according to the ambient temperature of Choman, using PV modules with high sensitivity to temperature is found to be an attractive option. Provided simulation performance analysis proves that the studied parameters must be treated well to establish an enabling environment for solar energy development in Iraq.

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Evaluasi Kinerja PLTS 1000 Wp di Itenas Bandung

ELKOMIKA Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik Teknik Telekomunikasi & Teknik Elektronika ◽

10.26760/elkomika.v7i1.195 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 195

Author(s):

FERY HIDAYAT ◽

DANI RUSIRAWAN ◽

IQBAL RACHMADI FAJAR TANJUNG

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Solar Power Plant ◽

Average Yield ◽

P Efficiency ◽

Cumulative Energy ◽

Pv Modules ◽

Cell Module ◽

Conventional Power Plant

ABSTRAKPembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) merupakan salah satu sistem pembangkit non-konvensional yang dapat menggantikan peran pembangkit listrik konvensional. Saat ini Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung (Itenas) sedang mengembangkan instalasi PLTS 1000 Wp jenis grid connected system, menggunakan modul fotovoltaik (FV) tipe monokristalin. Dalam artikel ini, hasil evaluasi berbagai parameter utama modul FV akan dipaparkan dalam rangka mendapatkan kinerja dari PLTS. Pengukuran parameter utama modul FV dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino Mega 1.8.2 meliputi radiasi matahari (G) dan temperatur lingkungan (Ta), sebagai parameter masukan serta tegangan (V), arus (I) dan temperatur sel/modul FV (Tc), sebagai parameter keluaran. Pengukuran parameter utama bertujuan untuk memperoleh daya (P), efisiensi (η) serta energi kumulatif (Ek) dari PLTS terpasang. Dari hasil pengujian selama 6 hari, diperoleh daya, efisiensi, dan produksi energi kumulatif rata-rata harian PLTS terpasang adalah 535,99 W/hari, 14,29 % dan 2,64 kWh.Kata kunci: fotovoltaik, monokristalin, daya dan efisiensi rata-rata harian ABSTRACTThe solar power plant (SPP) is one of non convensional power plant, which can be used to substitute the conventional power plant. Presently, Institut Teknologi Nasional (Itenas) has been developed a 1000 Wp grid-connected SPP, using monocrystalline photovoltaic (PV) modules. In this paper, evaluation results of the PV modules parameters will be elaborated to figure out the PV modules characteristics, as a basic to evaluate the SPP performance. The measuring of PV modules have been done using arduino mega 1.8.2 microcontroller. The input parameters of the PV modules are solar radiation (G) and ambient temperature (Ta), meanwhile the output parameters are voltage (V), current (I) and cell/module temperature (Tc). All these parameters are used to estimate the power (P), efficiency (η) and cumulative energy (E). Based on measurements and evaluation during 6 days, it is found that the average of the power and efficiency of the SPP were 535,99 W/day and 14,29 %, respectively, and average yield of energy (daily) was 2,64 kWh .Keywords: photovoltaic, monocrystalline, daily power and efficiency average

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Ageing of Standard PV Module when Integrated in a V-trough Concentration System

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1210-q08-05 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1210 ◽

Author(s):

Filipa Reis ◽

Miguel Centeno Brito ◽

Victoria Corregidor ◽

João Wemans ◽

Gianfranco Sorasio

Keyword(s):

Trough Concentration ◽

Tracking System ◽

Tracking Accuracy ◽

Short Term ◽

Pv Module ◽

Degradation Rates ◽

Pv Modules ◽

Electricity Costs

AbstractConcentration photovoltaic (CPV) systems are seen as a shortcut to achieve lower photovoltaic (PV) electricity costs/kWh. Within the available CPV configurations, V-trough systems are likely to succeed in the short term since they are less demanding in terms of tracking accuracy and due to their ability to make use of standard PV modules, a well-known and developed technology. However, silicon standard modules were initially designed to operate under 1 sun conditions, facing some challenges when integrated in CPV systems. The present work aims to demonstrate that such application is efficient up to a few suns and also to analyze possible accelerated modules degradation rates. For such analysis we have used a prototype based on the DoubleSun® technology: a 1.9x concentration V-trough system, integrating 2-axis tracking system and making use of conventional silicon modules.

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Environmental life cycle analysis of a fixed PV energy system and a two-axis sun tracking PV energy system in a low-energy house in Turkey

Smart and Sustainable Built Environment ◽

10.1108/sasbe-11-2018-0058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 391-399

Author(s):

Ceyda Aksoy Tırmıkçı ◽

Cenk Yavuz

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

System Design ◽

Tracking System ◽

Energy System ◽

Energy Output ◽

Total Solar Radiation ◽

Content Type ◽

Pv Modules ◽

Fixed System

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a fixed PV energy system design and a sun tracking PV energy system design to meet the primitive energy demands of a typical house in Sakarya, Turkey with energy payback times (EPBT) and greenhouse payback times (GPBT) calculations. Design/methodology/approach The designs were developed based on the total solar radiation received on the surface of the PV modules. The EPBT and the GPBT of the designs were investigated by utilizing the current embodied energy data of the literature and annual energy output of the proposed systems. The monthly mean total solar radiation, the yearly total solar radiation and the annual energy output of the systems were calculated according to the results of previous studies of authors on 80-W prototypes of a fixed PV energy system tilted at the yearly optimum tilt angle of Sakarya and a two-axis sun tracking PV energy system. Findings The annual energy outputs of the fixed system and the tracking system were established to be 10.092 and 10.311 MJ, respectively. EPBT of the systems were estimated 15.347 years for the fixed system and 11.932 years for the tracking systems which were less than the lifespan of PV modules. The greenhouse gas emitted to produce and install the systems were estimated to be 6,899.342 kg for the fixed system and 5,040.097 kg for the tracking system. GPBT of the systems were calculated to be 5.203 and 2.658 years, respectively. Originality/value PV energy is clean without greenhouse gas emission during the operation. However, significant emissions occur in the life cycle of PV modules until the installation is completed. Therefore reducing the number of PV modules make great differences in the GPBT of PV energy systems. In this paper, comparisons between the GPBT results of the optimally tilted fixed system and tracking system were performed to discuss the best option by means of environmental concerns.

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