scholarly journals Power losses evaluation in low voltage distribution network: a case study of 250 kVA, 11/0.416 kV substation

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Emad Hussen Sadiq ◽  
Rakan Khalil Antar ◽  
Safer Taib Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Current

Nowadays, the electrical system is more complicated duet to the continuous growing. Power losses is the biggest challenges for distribution network operators. There are several causes for technical losses. Losses caused by unbalanced phase current are one of the main reasons which can be minimized by small investment through dedicating a technical line staff. As a result of connecting many single loads to three phase four wire power supplies, the current flowing in each phase will be unequal and accordingly there will be a current flowing in the neutral wire. Unbalancing currents in phases can lead to increase the conductor temperature and accordingly the conductor resistance is higher which contribute to increase the power losses. Loss reduction can lead to enormous utility saving. Besides, it increases system capacity and save more money which can be used later for future planted system. This study concentrated on the amount of copper losses in distribution networks as a result of unequal loading of the three phases four wires network. The distribution network is more efficient and more economic assuming that the right procedure is applied to balance the distribution system and achieve the required calculations which require a little investment.

Optimal overcurrent relay coordination in distribution network based on Lightning Flash Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 1140-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Kheshti ◽  
Xiaoning Kang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Relay Coordination ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Distribution network protection is a complicated problem and mal-operation of the protective relays due to false settings make the operation of the network unreliable. Besides, obtaining proper settings could be very complicated. This paper aims to discuss an innovative evolutionary Lightning Flash Algorithm (LFA) which is developed for solving the relay coordination problems in distribution networks. The proposed method is inspired from the movements of cloud to ground lightning strikes in a thunderstorm phenomenon. LFA is applied on three case study systems including ring, interconnected and radial distribution networks. The power flow analysis is performed in Digsilent Power Factory software; then the collected data are sent to MATLAB software for optimization process. The proposed algorithm provides optimum time multiplier setting and plug setting of all digital overcurrent relays in each system. The results are compared with other methods such as particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. The result comparisons demonstrate that the proposed LFA can successfully obtain proper relay settings in distribution networks with faster speed of convergence and lower total operation time of relays. Also, it shows the superiority and effectiveness of this method against other algorithms. Design/methodology/approach A novel LFA is designed based on the movements of cloud to ground lightning strikes in a thunderstorm. This method is used to optimally adjust the time multiplier setting and plug setting of the relays in distribution system to provide a proper coordination scheme. Findings The proposed algorithm was tested on three case study systems, and the results were compared with other methods. The results confirmed that the proposed method could optimally adjust the relay settings in the electric distribution system to provide a proper protection scheme. Practical implications The practical implications can be conducted on distribution networks. The studies provided in this paper approve the practical application of the proposed method in providing proper relay protection in real power system. Originality/value This paper proposes a new evolutionary method derived from the movements of cloud to ground lightning strikes in thunderstorm. The proposed method can be used as an optimization toolbox to solve complex optimization problems in practical engineering systems.

scholarly journals Smart Meter Traffic in a Real LV Distribution Network

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoleta Andreadou ◽  
Evangelos Kotsakis ◽  
Marcelo Masera
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Advanced Metering Infrastructure ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Message Size ◽  
Real Distribution ◽  
Advanced Metering

The modernization of the distribution grid requires a huge amount of data to be transmitted and handled by the network. The deployment of Advanced Metering Infrastructure systems results in an increased traffic generated by smart meters. In this work, we examine the smart meter traffic that needs to be accommodated by a real distribution system. Parameters such as the message size and the message transmission frequency are examined and their effect on traffic is showed. Limitations of the system are presented, such as the buffer capacity needs and the maximum message size that can be communicated. For this scope, we have used the parameters of a real distribution network, based on a survey at which the European Distribution System Operators (DSOs) have participated. For the smart meter traffic, we have used two popular specifications, namely the G3-PLC–“G3 Power Line communication” and PRIME–acronym for “PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution”, to simulate the characteristics of a system that is widely used in practice. The results can be an insight for further development of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems that control and monitor the Low Voltage (LV) distribution grid. The paper presents an analysis towards identifying the needs of distribution networks with respect to telecommunication data as well as the main parameters that can affect the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) system performance. Identifying such parameters is consequently beneficial to designing more efficient ICT systems for Advanced Metering Infrastructure.

scholarly journals Distribution Network Optimization with Scattered Generator Integration Using Immune-Clonal Selection Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 802-823
Author(s):  
Ramadoni Syahputra ◽  
Indah Soesanti
Keyword(s):  
Network Optimization ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Model Distribution ◽  
The Right

This paper proposes distribution network optimization with scattered generator integration using the immune-clonal selection (ICS) method. Nowadays, the high popularity of scattered generators (SG) has made distribution networks essential to manage appropriately. This interest is because SG is usually injected into the distribution network due to the ease of accessing the network and the voltage level of the distribution network, which is easier for SG to reach. However, the presence of SG as a distribution network is increasingly dynamic, so that appropriate techniques are needed to achieve adequate network performance through network optimization. The ICS method is expected to be the right solution for this task. The ICS technique was chosen for its excellence in accurately optimizing for multi-objectives while avoiding premature convergence to local minima. The ICS approach was applied to IEEE model distribution networks of 33-bus and 71-bus. The optimization results show that the effectiveness and superiority of the ICS method, which is indicated by shallow power losses with a better voltage profile, and the load balance on each feeder is maintained. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01312 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Influence of FACTS Device Implementation on Performance of Distribution Network with Integrated Renewable Energy Sources

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5516
Author(s):  
Filip Relić ◽  
Predrag Marić ◽  
Hrvoje Glavaš ◽  
Ivica Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Facts Devices

In the modern power system, Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices are widely used. An increased share of the distributed generation (DG) and the development of microgrids change the power flows in the existing distribution networks as well as a conventional power flow direction from the transmission to the distribution network level which may affect the overall stability aspects. The paper shows the FACTS devices’ implementation influence on the performance of the distribution network with integrated renewable energy sources (RES) observing the aspects of the oscillatory stability and the low-voltage motor starting. The FACTS devices, in particular the static var compensators (SVC), have been allocated according to a novel algorithm proposed in the paper. The algorithm uses an iterative process to determine an optimal location for implementation and rating power of SVC considering active power losses minimization, improvement of the voltage profile and maximizing return of investment (ROI) of FACTS devices. Novel constraints—transformer station construction constraint, SVC industrial nominal power value constraint and the constraint of distribution system operator (DSO) economic willingness to investment in the distribution network development are considered in the proposed algorithm. The analysis has been performed on 20 kV rural distribution network model in DIgSILENT PowerFactory software.

scholarly journals Minimization of Network Power Losses in the AC-DC Hybrid Distribution Network through Network Reconfiguration Using Soft Open Point

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Muhammad Omer Khan ◽  
Abdul Wadood ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Abid ◽  
Tahir Khurshaid ◽  
Sang Bong Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Network Reconfiguration ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Network Configuration ◽  
Hybrid Distribution ◽  
Open Point ◽  
Network Power

The Alternating Current-Direct Current (AC-DC) hybrid distribution network has received attention in recent years. Due to advancement in technologies such as the integration of renewable energy resources of DC–type output and usage of DC loads in the distribution network, the modern distribution system can meet the increasing energy demand with improved efficiency. In this paper, a new AC-DC hybrid distribution network architecture is analyzed that considers distributed energy resources (DER) in the network. A network reconfiguration scheme is proposed that uses the AC soft open point (AC-SOP) and the DC soft open point (DC-SOP) along with an SOP selection algorithm for minimizing the network power losses. Subsequently, the real-time data for DER and load/demand variation are considered for a day-a-head scenario for the verification of the effectiveness of the network reconfiguration scheme. The results show that the proposed network reconfiguration scheme using AC-SOP and DC-SOP can successfully minimize the network power losses by modifying the network configuration. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in minimizing the network power losses by the upgraded network configuration is verified by constructing an AC-DC hybrid distribution network by combining two IEEE 33-bus distribution networks.

scholarly journals Studi Analisis Perbandingan Rugi Daya Pada Titik Sambung Pierching Connector Dengan Line Tap Connector Pada Jaringan Tegangan Rendah

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Ahmad Syaifuddin F ◽  
Arief Budi Laksono ◽  
Suharijanto Suharijanto
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Secondary Distribution

Distribution system is divided into primary and secondary distribution networks. The primary distribution network is the network of the substation to the distribution, while the secondary distribution is the channel network from the substation transformer is distributed to the consumer or the load. Primary distribution network is better known as medium voltage network (JTM 20kV) while secondary distribution is low voltage network (JTR 220 / 380V). The distribution network is part of the power system closest to the customer or the load compared to the transmission network.At this time PT. PLN (Persero) experiencing power loss that occurs at the point of connection of low voltage on the use of pierching connector. This study is to analyze the calculation of loss of  power at low voltage network (JTR) by doing comparison of measurement between input with output at connection point of pierching connector with line tap connector. For  conditions required evaluation and analysis for replanning that takes into account the planning criteria such as voltage  drop and take into account the loss of power.

scholarly journals Smart Meter Data-based Three-Stage Algorithm to Calculate Power and Energy Losses in Low Voltage Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Grigoras ◽  
Bogdan-Constantin Neagu
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Network Operator ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Power And Energy

In the paper, an improved smart meter data-based three-stage algorithm to calculate the power/energy losses in the three-phase networks with the voltage level below 0.4 kV (low voltage - LV) is presented. In the first stage, a loading function of input data was built having as main feature the working at the same time with files from the database of smart metering system (SMS) containing the hourly electricity records, and files including the characteristic load profiles established by the Distribution Network Operator (DNO) for the consumers with standard energy meters depending the following factors: consumption class, day and season. In the second stage, a function which is based on the work with the structure vectors was implemented to identify easy the configuration of analysed networks. In the third stage, an improved version of forward/backward sweep-based algorithm was proposed to calculate fast the power/energy losses to three-phase LV distribution networks in balanced and unbalanced regime. A real LV rural distribution network from a pilot zone belonging to a Distribution Network Operator (DNO) from Romania was used to confirm the accuracy of the proposed approach. The comparison with the results obtained using the DigSilent PowerFactory Simulation Package certified the performance of the algorithm, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) being 0.94%.

scholarly journals Optimal Site and Size of Distributed Generator in Distribution Network Considering Active Power Loss Minimization

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Aamir Ali ◽  
M. Usman Keerio ◽  
Noor Hussain Mugheri ◽  
Munawar Ayaz Memon ◽  
Erum Pathan
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Optimal Site

Distributed Generation (DG) allocation in distribution network is an optimal choice in maximizing benefits and reducing power losses. In this paper, self-adaptive differential evolution (SaDE), an optimization approach, is used for optimal site and capacity of DG. Different types of DGs such as solar PV and wind turbine (WT) at constant and near unity power factor are integrated into the distribution system. For validation of the proposed algorithm, IEEE 33-bus, 69-bus and 119-bus radial distribution networks are considered. The results show that the proposed algorithm has the ability to find global minimum value of objective function along with the appropriate site and capacity of solar PV and WT type DG. Moreover, the results of proposed method are compared with other existing techniques in order to show its effectiveness. The comparison shows that the proposed technique has the ability to get the lowest power losses with the smallest DG size. Thus, the proposed technique has the ability to find an optimal decision vector that makes it suitable for real-time applications.

scholarly journals Optimal Site and Size of Distributed Generator in Distribution Network Considering Active Power Loss Minimization

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Aamir Ali ◽  
M. Usman Keerio ◽  
Noor Hussain Mugheri ◽  
Munawar Ayaz Memon ◽  
Erum Pathan
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Optimal Site

Distributed Generation (DG) allocation in distribution network is an optimal choice in maximizing benefits and reducing power losses. In this paper, self-adaptive differential evolution (SaDE), an optimization approach, is used for optimal site and capacity of DG. Different types of DGs such as solar PV and wind turbine (WT) at constant and near unity power factor are integrated into the distribution system. For validation of the proposed algorithm, IEEE 33-bus, 69-bus and 119-bus radial distribution networks are considered. The results show that the proposed algorithm has the ability to find global minimum value of objective function along with the appropriate site and capacity of solar PV and WT type DG. Moreover, the results of proposed method are compared with other existing techniques in order to show its effectiveness. The comparison shows that the proposed technique has the ability to get the lowest power losses with the smallest DG size. Thus, the proposed technique has the ability to find an optimal decision vector that makes it suitable for real-time applications.

scholarly journals Smart Meter Data-based Three-Stage Algorithm to Calculate Power and Energy Losses in Low Voltage Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Grigoras ◽  
Bogdan-Constantin Neagu
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Power And Energy

In the paper, an improved smart meter data-based three-stage algorithm to calculate the power/energy losses in the three-phase low voltage (LV) distribution networks was proposed. In the first stage, an loading procedure of input data was built, being able to work simultaneously with files containing the active and reactive power profiles provided by smart meters and typical profiles associated to consumers without smart meters, based on the energy consumption categories, day type (weekend and working), and season type, knowing the daily energy indexes, in the second stage, a structure vectors-based algorithm was implemented to recognize the network topology, and in the third stage, an improved version of forward/backward sweep-based algorithm was proposed to calculate fast the power/energy losses to three-phase LV distribution networks in balanced and unbalanced regime. A real LV rural distribution network from a pilot zone belonging to a Distribution Network Operator (DNO) from Romania was used to verify the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The results were compared with those obtained using the DigSilent PowerFactory Professional Software, the MAPE being by 0.94%.

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