Extremum Seeking Control for Power Output Maximization of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell using Sliding Mode

This paper proposes an integrated photovoltaic (PV) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system for continuous energy harvesting under various operating conditions for use with a brushless DC motor. The proposed scheme is based on the incremental conductance (IncCond) algorithm combined with the sliding mode technique. Under changing atmospheric conditions, the energy conversion efficiency of a PV array is very low, leading to significant power losses. Consequently, increasing efficiency by means of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is particularly important. To manage such a hybrid system, control strategies need to be established to achieve the aim of the distributed system. Firstly, a Matlab/Simulink based model of the PV and PEMFC is developed and validated, as well as the incremental conductance sliding (ICS) MPPT technique; then, different MPPT algorithms are employed to control the PV array under nonuniform temperature and insolation conditions, to study these algorithms effectiveness under various operating conditions. Conventional techniques are easy to implement but produce oscillations at MPP. Compared to these techniques, the proposed technique is more efficient; it produces less oscillation at MPP in the steady state and provides more precise tracking.

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Optimum Design and Performance Simulation of a Multi-device Integrated System Based on a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4053436 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-33

Author(s):

Xiuqin Zhang ◽

Wentao Cheng ◽

Qiubao Lin ◽

Longquan Wu ◽

Junyi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Power Density ◽

Power Output ◽

Proton Exchange Membrane ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Proton Exchange ◽

Integrated System ◽

Interior Space ◽

And Performance ◽

Exchange Membrane

Abstract Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) based on syngas are a promising technology for electric vehicle applications. To increase the fuel conversion efficiency, the low-temperature waste heat from the PEMFC is absorbed by a refrigerator. The absorption refrigerator provides cool air for the interior space of the vehicle. Between finishing the steam reforming reaction and flowing into the fuel cell, the gases release heat continuously. A Brayton engine is introduced to absorb heat and provide a useful power output. A novel thermodynamic model of the integrated system of the PEMFC, refrigerator, and Brayton engine is established. Expressions for the power output and efficiency of the integrated system are derived. The effects of some key parameters are discussed in detail to attain optimum performance of the integrated system. The simulation results show that when the syngas consumption rate is 4.0 × 10−5 mol s−1cm−2, the integrated system operates in an optimum state, and the product of the efficiency and power density reaches a maximum. In this case, the efficiency and power density of the integrated system are 0.28 and 0.96 J s−1 cm−2, respectively, which are 46% higher than those of a PEMFC.

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Maximum Power Point Tracking of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell With Fractional Order Filter and Extremum Seeking Control

Volume 9: 2015 ASME/IEEE International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications ◽

10.1115/detc2015-46633 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jianxin Liu ◽

Tiebiao Zhao ◽

YangQuan Chen

Keyword(s):

Proton Exchange Membrane ◽

Proton Exchange ◽

Extremum Seeking ◽

Maximum Power Point ◽

Pass Filter ◽

Extremum Seeking Control ◽

Point Tracking ◽

Power Point Tracking ◽

Power Point ◽

Exchange Membrane

Proton Exchange Membrane FC (PEMFC) is widely recognized as a potentially renewable and green energy source based on hydrogen. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is one of the most important working conditions to be considered. In order to improve the searching performance such as convergence and robustness under disturbance and uncertainty, a kind of fractional order low pass filter (FOLPF) is applied for the MPPT controller design based on general Extremum Seeking Control (ESC). The controller is designed with FOLPF and high pass filter (HPF) substituting the normal LPF and HPF in the original ESC design. With this FOLPF ESC, better convergence and smooth performance is gained while maintaining the robust specifications. Simulation results are included to validate the proposed new FOLPF ESC scheme under disturbance and comparisons between FOLPF ESC and general ESC method are also provided.

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A Novel Approach for Distribution of Reacting Gases With Enhanced Mass Transfer in Fuel Cells

Advanced Energy Systems ◽

10.1115/imece2004-59329 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

P. W. Li ◽

S. P. Chen ◽

M. K. Chyu

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Fuel Cells ◽

Fuel Cell ◽

Power Output ◽

Proton Exchange Membrane ◽

Current Collector ◽

Proton Exchange ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Modeling Analysis ◽

Exchange Membrane

In order to improve the power output of a fuel cell, a novel approach for gas delivery and mass transfer enhancement in a gas distributor is proposed. A model analyzing the power output against the dimensions of a novel gas delivery channel and current collector is also presented. Experimental study for some proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells and numerical analysis for a planar type solid oxide fuel cell are carried out. Significant improvement of power output was obtained for the newly designed fuel cells compared to conventional ones. Both the experimental results and modeling analysis are of great significance to the design of fuel cells.

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Performance Comparison of Three Different Controllers of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

The Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal ◽

10.2174/1876973x01508010115 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 115-122

Author(s):

Liping Fan ◽

Chong Li ◽

Kosta Boshnakov

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Proton Exchange Membrane ◽

Sliding Mode ◽

Proton Exchange ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Sliding Mode Controller ◽

Adaptive Fuzzy ◽

Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode ◽

Fuzzy Sliding Mode ◽

Exchange Membrane

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising clear and efficient new energy sources. An excellent control system is a normal working prerequisite for maintaining a fuel cell system in correct operating conditions. Conventional controllers could not satisfy the high performance to obtain the acceptable responses because of uncertainty, time-change, nonlinear, long-hysteresis and strong-coupling characteristics of PEMFCs. Based on the dynamic model of PEMFC, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller is proposed for PEMFC to realize constant voltage output and reliability service. Three different controllers, including fuzzy controller, fuzzy sliding mode controller and adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller, are designed and compared. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller for PEMFC can get satisfactory controlling effects.

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