scholarly journals Acute exposure to hyperosmotic conditions reduces sperm activation by urine in the yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae, a freshwater teleost fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. e166205
Author(s):  
Nathalia Alcântara Rocha ◽  
Gabriel Marra Schade ◽  
Álvaro de Miranda Alves ◽  
Claudia de Souza Silva ◽  
Jacqueline Megumi Nakirimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
External Fertilization ◽  
Sperm Activation ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Urine Production ◽  
No Activation

In freshwater fish with external fertilization, sperm sampling can be contaminated with urine, which triggers motility and gives rise to decreased fertilization success. The maintenance of freshwater fish in hyperosmotic conditions may reduce urine production and improve sperm quality. Thus, the aim of this work was to verify if acute exposure to various NaCl concentrations improves sperm quality in the yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae. Spermiation was induced using a single dose of carp pituitary gland (5 mg kg-1) and the males were maintained at various NaCl concentrations: NaCl 0.00% (control), NaCl 0.45% (hypoosmotic), NaCl 0.9% (isosmotic) and NaCl 1.0% (hyperosmotic) for 6 h at 26 °C. Sperm was collected and verified for activation by urine and motility traits. At 0.00%, 0.45%, and 0.90%, the sperm was motile just after sampling, indicating activation by urine. Surprisingly, at hyperosmotic conditions, no activation was observed. Other sperm and motility parameters did not show any statistical differences, including sperm viability (P = 0.7083), concentration (P = 0.9030), total motility (P = 0.6149), VCL (curvilinear velocity; P = 0.1216), VAP (average path velocity; P = 0.1231) and VSL (straight-line velocity; P = 0.1340). Our results indicate that acute maintenance at hyperosmotic conditions eliminates sperm activation by urine and maintains sperm quality. Such a new procedure is interesting for both basic and applied sciences, including reproductive practice in fish.

Sperm quality influences male fertilization success in walleye (Sander vitreus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2119-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Casselman ◽  
Albrecht I Schulte-Hostedde ◽  
Robert Montgomerie
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Sander Vitreus ◽  
External Fertilization ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Sperm Swimming Speed ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Success Percentage

We examined how variation in sperm quality influences a male's success at fertilizing ova (male fertilization success) in a wild population of walleye (Sander vitreus). To do this, we conducted controlled fertilization trials using milt and eggs (ova) from wild-spawning fish and measured male fertilization success (percentage of ova fertilized) by examining eggs after 24 h of incubation. We found that both the number of sperm and sperm swimming speed (at 10 s after activation) were significantly related to fertilization success. There was, with respect to fertilization success, a relatively large return on male investment in the number of sperm, but this return diminished as the percentage of ova fertilized increased above 50%. This is in agreement with theoretical predictions based on external fertilization dynamics. When the number of sperm used in the experimental trials was kept constant, variation in sperm swimming speed (at 10 s after activation) explained approximately 90% of the variation in a male's fertilization success. These findings demonstrate that the variation in sperm quality found in wild spawning populations has the potential to dramatically influence male reproductive success.

scholarly journals Black Sea turbot sperm motility depending on the dilution of seawater

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022076
Author(s):  
Iu Baiandina
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
External Fertilization ◽  
Sperm Activation ◽  
Fertilizing Ability

Abstract The sperm motility of fish reflects their fertilizing ability. Sperm activation in fish with external fertilization occurs in an isotonic medium (sea or freshwater). The duration of sperm motility is a compromise between the level of energy reserves possessed by the sperm and the process of osmotic damage it experiences in the activating medium. Under natural conditions, various biotic and abiotic factors can affect the characteristics of motility. At the same time, when assessing the reproductive potential of males in laboratory conditions, the dilution and methods of its activation have a significant effect on the characteristics of sperm quality (namely, speed, the proportion of motile spermatozoa, and the time of their activity). In our work, we determined the main characteristics of the motility of the Black Sea turbot sperm at a dilution of 1:10 and 1: 100 with seawater. We have shown that, the average speed and percentage of motile sperm significantly decrease with higher dilution of seawater.

Fertilization dynamics of sperm from different male mating tactics in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1638-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albrecht I Schulte-Hostedde ◽  
Gary Burness
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Sperm Activation ◽  
Competition Theory ◽  
Sperm Density ◽  
Over Time

Sperm competition results in the evolution of ejaculate characteristics such as high sperm density, high motility, and fast sperm swimming speed. A fundamental assumption of sperm competition theory is that ejaculates with high motility and fast-swimming sperm have an advantage with respect to fertilization success. We tested this assumption by studying the fertilization dynamics of alternative mating tactics (cuckolders and parentals) of male bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819). Sneakers (cuckolders) have faster swimming sperm and a higher proportion of motile sperm immediately following sperm activation than do parentals; however, these variables decline more quickly over time in sneaker sperm than in the sperm of parental males. We used a controlled fertilization experiment to test the prediction that parental males will have higher fertilization success than sneakers late in the sperm activation cycle because of the reduced rate of decline in ejaculate quality over time. We found that as the time from sperm activation increases parental sperm fertilizes more eggs than the sperm of sneakers. Our results support the idea that fertilization success is higher when ejaculates contain a higher proportion of either motile sperm or faster swimming sperm, all else being equal. In addition, after controlling for time from sperm activation, we found a significant bias in fertilization success toward parental males, suggesting that cryptic female choice might play a role in fertilization dynamics.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of tambaqui semen using a dry shipper and a programmed freezing machine

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Setúbal Oliveira ◽  
Priscila Silva de Almeida-Monteiro ◽  
Larissa Teixeira Nunes ◽  
Francisco Renan Aragão Linhares ◽  
João Paulo Silva Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Freezing Method ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Fresh Semen

Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is a native freshwater fish that is of great importance for Brazilian aquaculture. Because of this importance, several techniques have been developed to improve the reproduction of this species in captivity. One of these techniques is the cryopreservation of sperm. In an effort to increase the efficiency of cryopreservation protocols, researchers have tried to determine suitable diluting solutions and freezing methods, which will provide a better post-thaw sperm quality. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different diluents and freezing methods for the cryopreservation of tambaqui (C. macropomum) sperm. Samples of fresh semen were diluted in different treatments (Glucose 5% + 10% Dimethyl sulfoxide – DMSO, Glucose 5% + 10% Methyl glycol – MG, BTS + 10% DMSO and BTS + 10% MG) at a 1:9 dilution rate and frozen in a programmed freezing machine and a dry shipper. The semen samples were thawed and evaluated for vitality, sperm morphology and kinetics. Cryopreserved semen with DMSO and using the programmed freezing machine provided a greater percentage of motile sperm (15.44 ± 1.04%) after thawing compared to the dry shipper (3.99 ± 0.55%), regardless of the diluent. Additionally, DMSO showed better sperm velocities than MG regardless of the freezing method and the extender employed. A higher percentage of living spermatozoa was observed when glucose (37.28 ± 1.32%) (regardless of the freezing method and cryoprotectant) and DMSO (37.98 ± 1.25%) was used in the programmed freezing machine. For morphology, a greater amount of normal spermatozoa (46.10 ± 1.82%) was observed when the semen was cryopreserved using a freezing machine programmed with DMSO as the cryoprotectant and Glucose or BTS (38.16 ± 1.9% and 39.26 ± 1.87%, respectively) as extenders. Therefore, we suggest the use of the DMSO (10%) cryoprotectant in association with the Glucose (5%) extended in the programmed freezing machine for cryopreservation of C. macropomum semen.

Muscle metabolism of freshwater fish, Tilapia mossambica (Peters), during acute exposure and acclimation to sublethal acidic water

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1909-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krishna Murthy ◽  
P. Reddanna ◽  
M. Bhaskar ◽  
S. Govindappa
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Tilapia Mossambica ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Red And White Muscles

Freshwater fish, Tilapia mossambica (Peters), were subjected to acute exposure and acclimation to sublethal acid water (pH 4.0), and the muscle metabolism was investigated. Differential patterns of carbohydrate metabolism were witnessed in the red and white muscles in response to both acute exposure and acclimation. The glycogen content of red muscle was elevated whereas that of white muscle was depleted on acute exposure. But on acclimation, both the muscles had elevated glycogen content. The red muscle seems to mobilize carbohydrates into both hexose mono- and di-phosphate pathways, but white muscle does so only into the hexose monophosphate pathway on acclimation. In general, both the muscles exhibited suppressed glycolysis and elevated oxidative phase leading to elevated glycogen level. The muscle metabolism was oriented towards conservation of carbohydrates and lesser production of organic acids on acclimation, as a possible metabolic adaptive mechanism of the fish, enabling them to counteract the imposed acid stress.

scholarly journals Salinity-induced phenotypic plasticity in threespine stickleback sperm activation

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 20170516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Taugbøl ◽  
Anna B. Mazzarella ◽  
Emily R. A. Cramer ◽  
Terje Laskemoen
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Sperm Activation ◽  
Freshwater Population ◽  
Freshwater Stickleback ◽  
Sperm Mobility

Phenotypic expression may be and often is influenced by an organism's developmental environment, referred to as phenotypic plasticity. The sperm cells of teleosts have been found to be inactive in the seminal plasma and are activated by osmotic shock for most fish species, through release in either hypertonic (for marine fish) or hypotonic (for freshwater fish) water. If this is the case, the regulatory system of sperm mobility should be reversed in salt- and freshwater fish. We tested this hypothesis by first activating sperm of salt- and freshwater populations of threespine stickleback in salt- and freshwater. The sperm from saltwater stickleback could be activated in either salinity, which matches the freshwater colonization history of the species, whereas the sperm from the freshwater population acted as predicted by the osmotic shock theory and was activated in freshwater only. As the freshwater population used here was calculated to be thousands of years old, we went on to test whether the trait(s) were plastic and sperm from freshwater males still could be activated in saltwater after individuals were exposed to saltwater. After raising freshwater stickleback in saltwater, we found the mature males to have active sperm in both saltwater and freshwater. Further, we also found the sperm of wild-caught freshwater stickleback to be active in saltwater after exposing those mature males to saltwater for only 2 days. This illustrates that the ability for stickleback sperm to be activated in a range of water qualities is an environmentally induced plastic trait.

scholarly journals Male sperm storage impairs sperm quality in the zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Cattelan ◽  
Clelia Gasparini
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Male Sperm ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Sperm Traits

AbstractVariation in sperm traits is widely documented both at inter- and intraspecific level. However, sperm traits vary also between ejaculates of the same male, due for example, to fluctuations in female availability. Variability in the opportunities to mate can indeed have important consequences for sperm traits, as it determines how often sperm are used, and thus the rate at which they are produced and how long they are stored before the mating. While being stored within males’ bodies, sperm are subjected to ageing due to oxidative stress. Sperm storage may significantly impair sperm quality, but evidence linking male sperm storage and variation in sperm traits is still scarce. Here, we tested the effect of the duration of sperm storage on within-male variation in sperm traits in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. We found that without mating opportunities, sperm number increased as storage duration increased, indicating that sperm continue to be produced and accumulate over time within males without being discharged in another way. Long sperm storage (12 days) was associated with an overall impairment in sperm quality, namely sperm motility, sperm longevity, and sperm DNA fragmentation, indicating that sperm aged, and their quality declined during storage. Our results confirm that male sperm storage may generate substantial variation in sperm phenotype, a source of variation which is usually neglected but that should be accounted for in experimental protocols aiming to assay sperm traits or maximise fertilization success.

scholarly journals Effects of chilled storage and pH of activating solution on different motility parameters in burbot (Lota lota) sperm

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 429-434
Author(s):  
Zoltán Bokor ◽  
Balázs Csorbai ◽  
Levente Várkonyi ◽  
Zsolt Szári ◽  
Ferenc Fodor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Chilled Storage ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
H 26 ◽  
Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis ◽  
Motility Parameters ◽  
Activating Solution

The effects of a simple saline solution prepared using two different pH (4.4 and 8.5) on sperm motility in burbot were investigated. Results were recorded during a 96-hour chilled storage (4°C) in 24-hour intervals. Measurements were focused on the detailed characteristics of motility using 12 parameters obtained from the Computer-assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA). Significantly higher progressive motility (pMOT), distance average path (DAP), distance curved line, distance straight line (DSL), average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity, straight line velocity, and beat cross frequency (BCF) were observed with the activating solution buffered at pH 8.5 in comparison with pH 4.4. Already after 24 h a significant reduction was measured in pMOT (0 h: 49 ± 24%, 24 h: 12 ± 7%). Similar decreasing tendency was recorded only after 72 h in DAP (0 h: 26 ± 4 µm/s, 72 h: 19 ± 9 µm/s), DSL (0 h: 21 ± 5 µm/s, 72 h: 17 ± 8 µm/s), VAP (0 h: 59 ± 9 µm/s, 72 h: 43 ± 21 µm/s), and BCF (0 h: 28 ± 2 Hz, 72 h: 18 ± 10 Hz). The response of different investigated CASA parameters to different treatments varied in our experiments. According to our studies, numerous burbot sperm motility parameters are sensitive to chilled storage and to low pH of the activating solution. Our results could support the effective sperm quality assessment and successful artificial propagation process in burbot.

scholarly journals Efecto de la composición racial sobre la calidad espermática de verracos

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Valverde-Abarca ◽  
Mónica Madrigal-Valverde ◽  
Marlen Camacho-Calvo ◽  
Adones Zambrana-Jiménez ◽  
Leonardo López
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Head Displacement ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Lateral Head

The assessment of the semen quality is an essential tool to improve the reproductive indexes in swine farms. The motility is the most important parameter that used in the sperm quality evaluation because it is associated with the energy of the spermatozoon. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of breed composition on reproductive variables of sperm quality, kinetics and semen motility in boars. During 2016, 240 ejaculates were collected from 63 boars with a mean age of 24.4±10.9 months. Six racial groups were identified: Duroc (D), Yorkshire (Y), Landrace (L), F1 Pietrain*Duroc (PD) and two genetic lines (LA and LB). The breeds with the highest ejaculate volume presented a higher total number of spermatozoa (P<0.05). The effect of the breed was significant (P<0.05) on sperm kinetics variables except for amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, μm). The Landrace breed presented the highest (P<0.05) percentage of static sperm (29.30±1.57). The most relevant differences (P<0.05) for total motility (MTOT) and progressive motility (MP), were presented between L and PD with values of 70.71±1.57; 77.48±1.09 and 51.80±1.97; 59.85±1.37% respectively. Adult boars (≥18 months) had higher volumes of ejaculate and total number of sperm than boars in the intermediate and young ages, however, for velocities (μm/s): curvilinear (VCL), straight line (VSL) and average path (VAP), adult boars only were different (P<0.05) of the boars in-between ages. Four sperm subpopulations (SP) were identified, SP1 (46.83%) characterized by a moderate speed, but of very progressive motility, SP2 (14.78%) with active movement, but not progressive, SP3 (8.45%) with low speeds and progressive path and SP4 (29.94%) with quick movement, but without progressivity.

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