scholarly journals Serum biomarkers for lung cancer screening

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Cristina Gonçalves de Aquino ◽  
Thais M. Guedes ◽  
Arthur Pires ◽  
Heraldo Possolo de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography ◽  
Large Groups

Lung cancer is by far the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women. Screening patients at high risk of developing lung cancer is a worldwide priority, since it can be cured if diagnosed in early stages. Currently, screening in high risk individuals is made using low dose computed tomography, however, this method may lead to false-positive tests and overdiagnosis. The usefulness of serum biomarkers would be relevant in two situations: 1) the screening of large groups at high risk of developing lung cancer, where the biomarker should be very sensitive and 2) during the investigation of pulmonary nodules, where the biomarker should be very specific. Several serum biomarkers have been tested to work as biomarkers for lung cancer screening. Unfortunately, so far, none of them has come into current clinical practice. In this review, we analyze some of the serum biomarkers described in the last 10 years, evaluating their potential as tools to detect lung cancer, particularly in smokers. The use of serum biomarkers and imaging methods together seems to be a solution to early diagnosis of lung cancer, more efficient treatment and enhanced chance of cure.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of potentially malignant pulmonary nodules in high-risk male smokers detected in lung cancer screening trial in Cracow, Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Kiszka ◽  
Lucyna Rudnicka-Sosin ◽  
Romana Tomaszewska ◽  
Małgorzata Urbańczyk-Zawadzka ◽  
Maciej Krupiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Screening Trial ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Screening Trial

scholarly journals Volumetric lung cancer screening reduces unnecessary low-dose computed tomography scans: results from a single-centre prospective trial on 4,119 subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Milanese ◽  
Federica Sabia ◽  
Roberta Eufrasia Ledda ◽  
Stefano Sestini ◽  
Alfonso Vittorio Marchiano' ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

Purpose. To compare low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) outcome and volume-doubling time (VDT) derived from measured volume (MV) and estimated volume (EV) of pulmonary nodules (PN) detected in a single-centre lung cancer screening trial. Materials and Methods. MV, EV and VDT were obtained for prevalent pulmonary nodules detected at the baseline round of the bioMILD trial. LDCT outcome (based on bioMILD thresholds) and VDT categories were simulated on a PN- and a screenees-based analysis. Weighted Cohen's kappa test was used to assess the agreement between diagnostic categories as per MV and EV. Results. 1,583 screenees displayed 2,715 pulmonary nodules. On a PN-based analysis 40.1% PNs would have been included in different LDCT categories if measured by MV or EV. Agreement between MV and EV was moderate (κ = 0.49) and fair (κ = 0.37) for LDCT outcome and VDT categories, respectively. On a screenees-based analysis, 46% pulmonary nodules would have been included in different LDCT categories if measured by MV or EV. Agreement between MV and EV was moderate (κ = 0.52) and fair (κ = 0.34) for LDCT outcome and VDT categories, respectively. Conclusions. Within a simulated lung cancer screening based on recommendation by estimated volumetry, the number of LDCT performed for the evaluation of pulmonary nodules would be higher as compared to the prospective volumetric management.

scholarly journals Development, validation, and evaluation of prediction models to identify individuals at high risk of lung cancer for screening in the English primary care population using the QResearch database: research protocol and statistical analysis plan

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqi Liao ◽  
Judith Burchardt ◽  
Carol Coupland ◽  
Fergus Gleeson ◽  
Julia Hippisley-Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Primary Care Population ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

Background and research aim: Lung cancer is a research priority in the UK. Early diagnosis of lung cancer can improve patients' survival outcomes. The DART-QResearch project is part of a larger academic-industrial collaborative initiative, using big data and artificial intelligence to improve patient outcomes with thoracic diseases. There are two general research aims in the DART-QResearch project: (1) to understand the natural history of lung cancer, (2) to develop, validate, and evaluate risk prediction models to select patients at high risk for lung cancer screening. Methods: This population-based cohort study uses the QResearch database (version 45) and includes patients aged between 25 and 84 years old and without a diagnosis of lung cancer at cohort entry (study period: 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2020). The team conducted a literature review (with additional clinical input) to inform the inclusion of variables for data extraction from the QResearch database. The following statistical techniques will be used for different research objectives, including descriptive statistics, multi-level modelling, multiple imputation for missing data, fractional polynomials to explore non-linear relationships between continuous variables and the outcome, and Cox regression for the prediction model. We will update our QCancer (lung, 10-year risk) algorithm, and compare it with the other two mainstream models (LLP and PLCOM2012) for lung cancer screening using the same dataset. We will evaluate the discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the prediction models, and recommend the best one for lung cancer screening for the English primary care population. Discussion: The DART-QResearch project focuses on both symptomatic presentation and asymptomatic patients in the lung cancer care pathway. A better understanding of the patterns, trajectories, and phenotypes of symptomatic presentation may help GPs consider lung cancer earlier. Screening asymptomatic patients at high risk is another route to achieve earlier diagnosis of lung cancer. The strengths of this study include using large-scale representative population-based clinical data, robust methodology, and a transparent research process. This project has great potential to contribute to the national cancer strategic plan and yields substantial public and societal benefits through earlier diagnosis of lung cancer.

Potential barriers to lung cancer screening in a minority population: Assessing attitudes, beliefs, and values towards screening with low-dose computed tomography amongst a high-risk minority population.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Richard Stephen Sheppard ◽  
Stefani Beale ◽  
Janet Joseph ◽  
Sai Santhoshini Achi ◽  
Abosede Showunmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

17 Background: While the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) has shown a relative reduction in mortality from lung cancer with the application of the United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for the use of Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) in a select high risk population, many studies have shown that the rate of screening has been below the national average in minority population. Furthermore, lung cancer mortality still appears to be disproportionately higher amongst minority populations. With this study, we aim to evaluate the attitudes, beliefs and values towards lung cancer screening with LDCT in a predominantly Black and Hispanic population in our outpatient clinic. Methods: A survey was conducted over a 3-month period in our outpatient department at an urban inner-city safety net hospital. We included high risk smokers, aged 50 to 80 years who reported no evidence of symptoms. The survey consisted of 20 questions; these included utilizing the Health Belief Model to assess beliefs on perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers to screening, questions exploring fears of cancer screening and questions assessing overall willingness to undergo lung cancer screening with LDCT. We also included a question on the willingness of participants to engage in educational sessions with regards to lung cancer screening and risk reduction. Results were collected and analyzed via univariate logistic regression model to compare patient populations. Results: 67 patients participated in our survey. 62% were Black, 34% were Hispanic and 4% were Asian/Pacific Islanders. The mean age of our population was 64.5 years and they had an average of 27.2 pack-years of smoking. Issues related to insurance coverage and co-pay were identified as the most significant concern with regards to the unwillingness to undergo screening (p < 0.05). Other concerns identified were the fear of a positive screening result, fear of radiation exposure and lack of understanding of the association with smoking history and lung cancer (p = 0.12). All participants responded yes to being open to be educated on reducing their risk of lung cancer (p < 0.05). Conclusions: While many factors still exist with regards to lung cancer screening in minority populations, the cost of medical care, fear of radiation exposure and anxiety were identified as potential barriers to willingness to screen. Structured educational programs were identified as a possible measure that can be implemented to address these factors, with the potential to increase the willingness to undergo screening in a high risk minority population.

scholarly journals Estimating the Cost-Effectiveness of Lung Cancer Screening with Low-Dose Computed Tomography for High-Risk Smokers in Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1094-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Wade ◽  
Marianne Weber ◽  
Michael Caruana ◽  
Yoon-Jung Kang ◽  
Henry Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography
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