scholarly journals Intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault and its association with alcohol consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Valle ◽  
Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz ◽  
Juan Antonio Gálvez-Buccollini ◽  
César Gutiérrez ◽  
Silvia S Martins
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Complex Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Frequent Form ◽  
Males And Females

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the prevalence of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault in adolescents of Peru and its association with alcohol consumption. METHODS: We used a two-step and stratified probabilistic sampling to select male and female students in secondary education from all over Peru. The study included data from 54,756 students with information on demographics, alcohol and drug use, and sexual assault. The statistical analysis considered the complex sampling and we conducted two independent analyses by type of sexual assault (intrafamilial and extrafamilial), stratified by the sex of the victim. RESULTS: The prevalence of life of intrafamilial sexual assaults (5.4%, 95%CI 5.0–5.8) was similar to that of extrafamilial sexual assaults (6.1%, 95%CI 5.6–6.6). Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults that occurred in the same period after adjusting for confounders. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with non-physical and physical forms of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults in the disaggregated analysis by type of assault. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with extrafamilial rape only among females (ORa = 2.8; 95%CI 1.3–5.9). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual assault against adolescent males and females by family members is a frequent form of victimization that is associated with alcohol consumption in Peru. It is important to examine this form of victimization among adolescents, especially those who consume alcohol.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Quantity of Alcohol Consumed and the Severity of Sexual Assaults Committed by College Men

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 813-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Abbey ◽  
A. Monique Clinton-Sherrod ◽  
Pam McAuslan ◽  
Tina Zawacki ◽  
Philip O. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
College Men ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
The Relationship

Researchers have suggested that intoxicated perpetrators may act more violently than other perpetrators, although empirical findings have been mixed. Past research has focused on whether or not alcohol was consumed, rather than the quantity consumed, and this may explain these inconsistent findings. The authors hypothesized that the quantity of alcohol consumed would have a curvilinear relationship to the severity of the assault. Data were collected from 113 college men who reported that they had committed a sexual assault since the age of 14. The quantity of alcohol that perpetrators consumed during the assault was linearly related to how much aggression they used and was curvilinearly related to the type of sexual assault committed. The quantity of alcohol that victims consumed during the assault was linearly related to the type of sexual assault committed. Strategies for improving assessment of alcohol consumption in sexual assault research are discussed.

Mental Health Profiles, Suicidal Behavior, and Community Sexual Assault in 2112 Canadian Adolescents

Crisis ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bagley ◽  
Floyd Bolitho ◽  
Lorne Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Clinical Profiles ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Unwanted Sexual Contact

1025 females and 1087 males in grades 7-12 in Alberta high schools completed measures of emotional and behavioral problems and suicidal behaviors, and of frequency of sexual assaults outside of school. Both males and females experiencing a high number of sexual assaults in the previous 6 months were significantly more likely to have clinical profiles on measures of conduct disorder, somatic disorder, and emotional disorder. 13.2% of 53 girls with frequent, unwanted sexual contact had made more than two suicidal gestures or suicide attempts in the previous 6 months, compared with 1.3% of 783 girls with no experience of sexual assault. 33.3% of 18 boys experiencing frequent sexual assault were suicidal, compared with 0.9% of 1064 boys with no recent experience of sexual assault. These results are in line with results of other recent Canadian surveys.

Injury Matters: On Female-Perpetrated Sex Crimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 3735-3766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Budd ◽  
David M. Bierie
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Increased Risk

Despite the importance of studying sexual assaults perpetrated by women, the field knows very little about female sexual offenders’ (FSOs) use of violence or physical injury resulting from these assaults. This study draws more than 20 years of National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data reported to police (1992-2014) to identify factors that distinguish between female perpetrated incidents of sexual assault that result in severe, minor, or no physical victim injuries above and beyond the sexual assault itself. Using a multinomial logistic regression model (MNLM), 15,928 incidents of FSO-perpetrated sexual assault were analyzed from the NIBRS. The results showed that the extent of victim injuries sustained during the sexual assault incidents was associated with a number of factors, including the presence of a female victim, the age of victim, a greater number of offenders, and the presence of weapons. In particular, incidents that resulted in major victim injuries were significantly associated with alcohol and drug use by the perpetrator. In general, incidents with young children were at increased risk of a sexual assault resulting in a major or minor victim injury. Although further investigation is needed to continue to better understand female sexual offending behaviors, these findings suggest that certain incident characteristics increase the likelihood of the assault to involve the use of violence by an FSO against her victims.

Gender Diversity in Computing: An Environmental Perspective

10.28945/3248 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecille Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Female Household Head ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
Computer Confidence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Research Questions

Previous research conducted by the author investigated the socio-political backgrounds of two groups of female students studying computer-related university programmes. They came from distinctly different backgrounds and were enrolled at two institutions with very different legacies. The author found that socio-political factors, in particular the role of a dominant female household head and aggressive governmental affirmative action, had a significant effect on the girls’ levels of confidence and subsequently on their decision to study computer-related courses. Based on this insight, the researcher undertook to look further into gender diversity with respect to self-perceived general computer confidence and self-perceived ability to program a computer. A sample of both female and male Information T echnology students from very similar disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds was surveyed. The sample of 204 students was drawn from all three years of the National Diploma in Information Technology. The author considered the following research questions: (i) Do males and females studying computer-related courses have differing computer selfefficacy levels? (ii) Do males and females studying computer programming have differing attitudes towards their ability to program? (iii) Do males and females differ in their attitudes towards the programming learning environment?

Patterns of Unhealthy Eating Behaviours in a Middle Aged Scottish Population

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Abel ◽  
D.V. McQueen ◽  
K Backen ◽  
C. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Scottish Population ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Nutrition Habits

This paper examines unhealthy eating in a middle aged Scottish population. Data from a 1989 survey of 5 00 Scottish men and women aged 45 to 59 years are used to explore inter-relations among five items of unhealthy eating, smoking and alcohol consumption. The results show that unhealthy eating behaviours are highly correlated, indicating strong links among certain nutrition habits. The findings also reveal that such patterns of unhealthy eating vary considerably between males and females. Finally, unhealthy eating behaviours were also found to be significantly associated with smoking and alcohol consumption. Implications of these findings for future research in epidemiology and health promotion are considered.

Impact of poor evidence management on DNA profiling in sexual assault and homicide: A case report

2021 ◽  
pp. 002581722096648
Author(s):  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Pooja Puri ◽  
SK Shukla ◽  
Deepa Verma
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Biological Evidence

Increasing numbers of female victims of violent sexual assaults are being murdered with the aim of concealing the identity of the perpetrator. Proper handling and analysis of evidence is very important in gaining a conviction in many criminal cases. After evidence is collected, due precautions must be taken to ensure that the integrity of the sample is maintained, and chances of contamination are minimised. This paper presents a case study where improper handling of biological evidence led to loss of evidentiary value, and the semen could not be located on the vaginal swabs and victim’s garments due to improper preservation of samples. However, the DNA from the nail of a decomposed finger helped identify the victim, and the suspect was apprehended based on the clues given by her family.

scholarly journals Relationship of attitudes toward uncertainty and preventive health behaviors with breast cancer screening participation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Satoh ◽  
Naoko Sato
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Time Preference ◽  
The Past ◽  
Screening Participation ◽  
Cancer Screening Participation

Abstract Backgroundcxs Early detection of breast cancer is effective for prolonging survival, but the participation rate in breast cancer screening among target Japanese women remains low. This study examined the relationships between tendencies in decision-making under conditions of uncertainty, health behaviors, demographics, and breast cancer screening participation in Japanese women. Methods Secondary analysis was performed using data from the 2017 Keio Household Panel Survey (KHPS). The study population consisted of 2945 households. Data were obtained from the KHPS for women aged 40 years or older. Breast cancer screening participation in the past year, risk aversion, time preference, health behaviors (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption, and medical treatment received in the past year), and demographic variables were analyzed. Results Data from 708 women were analyzed. Among the respondents, 28.8% had attended breast cancer screening in the past year. Factors found to significantly contribute to breast cancer screening participation included higher risk aversion (odds ratio [OR], 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–5.32; p = 0.043), medical treatment received in the past year (OR, 1.56; 95% CI = 1.06–2.30; p = 0.026), higher self-rated health (OR, 1.47; 95% CI = 1.18–1.83; p = 0.001), living above the poverty line (OR, 2.31; 95% CI = 1.13–4.72; p = 0.022), and having children (OR, 1.57; 95% CI = 1.02–2.42; p = 0.042). Factors significantly associated with non-participation in breast cancer screening were smoking (OR, 0.20; 95% CI = 0.10–0.42; p < 0.000), alcohol consumption (OR, 0.56; 95% CI = 0.37–0.86; p = 0.007), being self-employed (OR, 0.22; 95% CI = 0.10–0.46; p < 0.000), and being unemployed (OR, 0.48; 95% CI = 0.26–0.90; p = 0.022). No significant relationship was observed between time preference and screening participation. Conclusions The results indicate that women who recognize the actual risk of developing breast cancer or have high awareness of breast cancer prevention tend to participate in breast cancer screening. Barriers to screening participation are not working for an organization that encourages screening and low income.

Making the Call: College Students’ Legal Consciousness and Hypothetical Activation of Police for Sexual Assaults

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110211
Author(s):  
Trish Oberweis ◽  
Dayna Henry ◽  
Stacey Griner ◽  
Ekaterina Gorislavsky
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Sexual Assault Prevention ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Willingness To Report ◽  
Assault Prevention

Research has identified the necessity of sexual assault victims to label their experience as criminal to initiate reporting. However, barriers exist in labeling uninvited sexual contact as criminal. This study examined college students’ assessments of whether eight nonconsensual behaviors met the legal definition of sexual assault, and whether such behaviors should be reported to police. Results indicated students acknowledged the nonconsensual behaviors as criminal; however, gaps were identified between awareness that the acts were criminal and willingness to report to police. Findings demonstrate a need for continued efforts for sexual assault prevention among college students.

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