Injury Matters: On Female-Perpetrated Sex Crimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 3735-3766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Budd ◽  
David M. Bierie
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Increased Risk

Despite the importance of studying sexual assaults perpetrated by women, the field knows very little about female sexual offenders’ (FSOs) use of violence or physical injury resulting from these assaults. This study draws more than 20 years of National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data reported to police (1992-2014) to identify factors that distinguish between female perpetrated incidents of sexual assault that result in severe, minor, or no physical victim injuries above and beyond the sexual assault itself. Using a multinomial logistic regression model (MNLM), 15,928 incidents of FSO-perpetrated sexual assault were analyzed from the NIBRS. The results showed that the extent of victim injuries sustained during the sexual assault incidents was associated with a number of factors, including the presence of a female victim, the age of victim, a greater number of offenders, and the presence of weapons. In particular, incidents that resulted in major victim injuries were significantly associated with alcohol and drug use by the perpetrator. In general, incidents with young children were at increased risk of a sexual assault resulting in a major or minor victim injury. Although further investigation is needed to continue to better understand female sexual offending behaviors, these findings suggest that certain incident characteristics increase the likelihood of the assault to involve the use of violence by an FSO against her victims.

Deconstructing Incidents of Female Perpetrated Sex Crimes

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Budd ◽  
David M. Bierie ◽  
Katria Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sex Crimes ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Female Sexual Offenders ◽  
System Data

Very little is known about co-offending by female sexual offenders (FSOs), especially in terms of diverse forms of offender groupings. To address this gap in the literature, this study uses 21 years (1992-2012) of National Incident-Based Reporting System data to analyze incidents of sexual offending committed by four female groupings: solo FSOs ( n = 29,238), coed pairs consisting of one male and one FSO ( n = 11,112), all-female groups ( n = 2,669), and multiple perpetrator groups that consist of a combination of three or more FSOs and male sexual offenders (MSOs; n = 4,268). Using a multinomial logistic regression model, the data show significant differences in offender, victim, and crime context incident characteristics. The data also indicate that incidents with solo FSOs and all-female groups have similar characteristics, coed pairs and multiple perpetrator incidents have similar characteristics, and these two categorizations are fairly distinct from one another. Implications of this research are discussed in addition to directions for future research on female sexual offending.

Intra- and Extra-Familial Victimization Experiences: Differentiating Between Incarcerated Serious Youth Offenders and Youth Rapists

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (15) ◽  
pp. 3199-3228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie R. Yoder ◽  
Ashleigh I. Hodge ◽  
Donna Ruch
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Incarcerated Youth ◽  
Youth Offenders ◽  
Residential Placement ◽  
Forced Sex ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Family ◽  
Serious Offenders

Although research is becoming increasingly nuanced by exploring differential risk factors linked with types of youth offenders, typological distinctions have rarely been made between youth rapists and other serious youth offenders. This study tests the relative effects of intra- and extra-familial victimization—while holding other theoretically driven variables constant—on membership in three mutually exclusive youth offending groups: non-serious non-sexual offenders ( n = 4,013), serious non-sexual offenders ( n = 2,571), and rapists ( n = 489). Data were drawn from the Survey of Youth in Residential Placement (SYRP). Incarcerated youth ( N = 7,073) were surveyed on multiple constructs. Using appropriate weights in analyses, a multinomial logistic regression (referencing serious offenders) revealed youth who were victims of intra-familial physical abuse (22%) and intra-familial forced sex (42%) had a decreased risk of being in the non-serious offender category relative to the serious offender category. Furthermore, intra-familial emotional abuse (75%) and intra-familial forced sex (202%) demonstrated an increased risk of being in the rapist category relative to serious offender category. Although extra-familial victimization was statistically significant, victimization within the family had larger effects when predicting rape group membership. The research and practice implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault and its association with alcohol consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Valle ◽  
Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz ◽  
Juan Antonio Gálvez-Buccollini ◽  
César Gutiérrez ◽  
Silvia S Martins
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Complex Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Frequent Form ◽  
Males And Females

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the prevalence of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault in adolescents of Peru and its association with alcohol consumption. METHODS: We used a two-step and stratified probabilistic sampling to select male and female students in secondary education from all over Peru. The study included data from 54,756 students with information on demographics, alcohol and drug use, and sexual assault. The statistical analysis considered the complex sampling and we conducted two independent analyses by type of sexual assault (intrafamilial and extrafamilial), stratified by the sex of the victim. RESULTS: The prevalence of life of intrafamilial sexual assaults (5.4%, 95%CI 5.0–5.8) was similar to that of extrafamilial sexual assaults (6.1%, 95%CI 5.6–6.6). Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults that occurred in the same period after adjusting for confounders. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with non-physical and physical forms of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults in the disaggregated analysis by type of assault. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with extrafamilial rape only among females (ORa = 2.8; 95%CI 1.3–5.9). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual assault against adolescent males and females by family members is a frequent form of victimization that is associated with alcohol consumption in Peru. It is important to examine this form of victimization among adolescents, especially those who consume alcohol.

scholarly journals Clinical Correlates of Early-Onset Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karri Suvila ◽  
Joao A C Lima ◽  
Susan Cheng ◽  
Teemu J Niiranen
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Early-onset hypertension has been established as a heritable trait and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease outcomes. However, the clinical correlates of early-onset hypertension remain unidentified. Methods In this study we assessed the demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors related to hypertension onset age in a sample of 3286 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study participants (mean baseline age 25±4 years, 57% women). We examined the association between the participants’ baseline characteristics and age of hypertension onset subgroups (<35 years, 35‒44 years or ≥45 years) using a multinomial logistic regression model with those who did not develop hypertension as the reference group. Hypertension onset was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or antihypertensive medication use on two consecutively attended follow-up visits. Results In the multinomial logistic regression model, individuals who were black (OR, 5.08; 95% CI, 3.17–8.14), were more obese (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.32–1.88), or had higher total cholesterol (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.13–1.60 per SD) had increased odds of early-onset hypertension (onset at <35 years) versus not developing hypertension. In contrast, 1-SD higher HDL-cholesterol was related to decreased odds of early-onset hypertension (OR, 0.71; 0.57–0.89). The odds for having earlier hypertension onset increased linearly across age of onset categories in black individuals and individuals with lower HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05 for trend for both). Conclusions Our findings suggest that individuals who are black, obese, have higher total cholesterol, or have lower HDL-cholesterol level, are potentially at an increased risk of having early-onset hypertension.

Offending Histories and Typologies of Suspected Sexual Offenders Identified Via Untested Sexual Assault Kits

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Lovell ◽  
Wenxuan Huang ◽  
Laura Overman ◽  
Daniel Flannery ◽  
Joanna Klingenstein
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
Prior Arrest

In this study, we present findings that detail the criminal offending histories and typologies of suspected sexual offenders identified from an initiative to follow up on the testing of thousands of previously untested sexual assault kits (SAKs). This study advances our understanding of sexual offenders by incorporating data from criminal justice system records (“detected” criminal offending) with data from newly tested SAKs that were not previously adjudicated (“undetected” sexual offending). Our findings demonstrate that these offenders have extensive criminal histories, very frequently continued to offend after the SAK-associated sexual assault, and, more often than not, have criminal histories that do not include a prior arrest(s) for rape. A latent class analysis identified three classes of offenders based on their offending history, “High-Volume Generalists,” “Low-Volume Offenders,” and “Sexual Specialists.” Most were generalists, with a large proportion committing lots of serious crimes.

Parks, Playgrounds, and Incidents of Sexual Assault

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-606
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Budd ◽  
Christina Mancini ◽  
David M. Bierie
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Sexually Offending ◽  
Space Restriction

In the United States, certain laws restrict those convicted of sexually offending from accessing social spaces where youth congregate such as parks and playgrounds. However, empirical work to date has rarely described sexual assaults in these locations or tested the assumptions of these laws explicitly. To address these gaps in the literature, we drew on the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) to analyze offender, victim, and crime characteristics of sexual assaults that occurred at parks and playgrounds over a 5-year period (2010-2015). Estimated via multivariate logistic regression, results showed support for these law’s assumptions when analyzing this particular location. However, stranger perpetrators were significantly more likely to sexually assault adult victims versus youth victims. Several other offense features distinguished youth versus adult victim sexual assault incidents at parks and playgrounds, such as the offender age, the use of force, and the injuries sustained by the victim. Collectively, these findings both support and challenge these types of social space restriction laws.

scholarly journals Association between socioeconomic status and longitudinal sleep quality patterns mediated by depressive symptoms

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ga Bin Lee ◽  
Hyeon Chang Kim ◽  
Ye Jin Jeon ◽  
Sun Jae Jung
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Mediating Role

Abstract Study Objectives We aimed to examine whether associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and longitudinal sleep quality patterns are mediated by depressive symptoms. Methods We utilized data on 3347 participants in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study aged 40–69 years at baseline from 2001 to 2002 who were followed up for 16 years. A group-based modeling approach was used to identify sleep quality trajectories using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (years 2, 6, 8, 10, and 12). Educational attainment (college graduated or less), monthly household income (≥$2500 or less), and occupation (unemployed, manual labor, and professional labor) at baseline (year 0) were used for analyses. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Beck’s Depression Inventory at year 4. Associations between SES and sleep quality patterns were examined using a multinomial logistic regression model. The mediation effect of depressive symptoms was further examined using PROC CAUSALMED. Results We identified five distinct sleep quality trajectories: “normal-stable” (n = 1697), “moderate-stable” (n = 1157), “poor-stable” (n = 320), “developing to poor” (n = 84), and “severely poor-stable” (n = 89). Overall, associations between SES levels and longitudinal sleep patterns were not apparent after full adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors measured at baseline. Depressive symptoms, however, tended to fully mediate associations between SES levels and sleep quality patterns (odds ratio range for indirect effects of depressive symptoms: for education, 1.05-1.17; for income, 1.05-1.15). Conclusion A significant mediating role for depressive symptoms between SES levels and longitudinal sleep quality warrants consideration among mental healthcare professionals.

Impact of poor evidence management on DNA profiling in sexual assault and homicide: A case report

2021 ◽  
pp. 002581722096648
Author(s):  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Pooja Puri ◽  
SK Shukla ◽  
Deepa Verma
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Biological Evidence

Increasing numbers of female victims of violent sexual assaults are being murdered with the aim of concealing the identity of the perpetrator. Proper handling and analysis of evidence is very important in gaining a conviction in many criminal cases. After evidence is collected, due precautions must be taken to ensure that the integrity of the sample is maintained, and chances of contamination are minimised. This paper presents a case study where improper handling of biological evidence led to loss of evidentiary value, and the semen could not be located on the vaginal swabs and victim’s garments due to improper preservation of samples. However, the DNA from the nail of a decomposed finger helped identify the victim, and the suspect was apprehended based on the clues given by her family.

Measurement Invariance of the Sexual Assault Script Scale (SASS): An Examination Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White College Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052098549
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Yeater ◽  
Kristen N. Vitek ◽  
Ryan S. Ross ◽  
Meredith Blackwell ◽  
Katie Witkiewitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
College Women ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hispanic White ◽  
White College

Rates of sexual victimization have remained steady over several decades, and preventative interventions to reduce men’s sexually aggressive behavior have been largely ineffective. As such, research has endeavored to find novel approaches to identify women at increased risk for sexual victimization. Sexual assault scripts, or “cognitive models” that women adhere to that guide their beliefs about sexual assault are posited to influence their victimization risk. Prior studies on sexual assault scripts primarily have been qualitative in nature; however, recent work yielded a 27-item measure of putative risk for sexual victimization called the Sexual Assault Script Scale (SASS). The SASS has four subscales called Stereotypical Assault Scripts, Acquaintance Assault Scripts, Assault Resistance Scripts, and Date/Friend Assault Scripts, which were found in prior work to be internally consistent and associated with putative risk factors for sexual victimization. The focus of the current study was to test the measurement invariance of the SASS among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White college women who were recruited in the prior study. Four hundred sixty-nine ( N = 469) Hispanic and 415 non-Hispanic White US undergraduate heterosexual or bisexual women from a Southwestern university in the United States completed the SASS. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) replicated the prior four-factor model with an acceptable fit to the data, and tests of measurement invariance revealed the SASS to be invariant across Hispanic and non-Hispanic White college women, suggesting that the SASS is measuring a similar construct in these groups.

Making the Call: College Students’ Legal Consciousness and Hypothetical Activation of Police for Sexual Assaults

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110211
Author(s):  
Trish Oberweis ◽  
Dayna Henry ◽  
Stacey Griner ◽  
Ekaterina Gorislavsky
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Sexual Assault Prevention ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Willingness To Report ◽  
Assault Prevention

Research has identified the necessity of sexual assault victims to label their experience as criminal to initiate reporting. However, barriers exist in labeling uninvited sexual contact as criminal. This study examined college students’ assessments of whether eight nonconsensual behaviors met the legal definition of sexual assault, and whether such behaviors should be reported to police. Results indicated students acknowledged the nonconsensual behaviors as criminal; however, gaps were identified between awareness that the acts were criminal and willingness to report to police. Findings demonstrate a need for continued efforts for sexual assault prevention among college students.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document