scholarly journals Butterfly diversity in an organic tea estate of Darjeeling Hills, eastern Himalaya, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 16521-16530
Author(s):  
Aditya Pradhan ◽  
Sarala Khaling
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Habitat Specialization ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Organic Tea

The study was undertaken from March–May 2019 to explore the butterflies in the human-modified tea dominated landscape of Darjeeling Hills and understanding the diversity, community structure, habitat specialization, and conservation status of butterflies in an organic tea estate.  Sampling was done in the two representative ecosystems of tea plantation and secondary forest within the study area.  Altogether 71 species and sub-species across 43 genera belonging to five families were recorded during this study, of which seven are protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act of India, 1972.  

Metabolic potential and community structure of bacteria in an organic tea plantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 103762
Author(s):  
Wen-Ching Chen ◽  
Chi-Hsuan Ko ◽  
Yen-Shuo Su ◽  
Wei-An Lai ◽  
Fo-Ting Shen
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Organic Tea

Climber Community Structure in Relation to Environmental and Tree Attributes in Lowland Tropical Forests of Eastern Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-98
Author(s):  
Samiran Panday ◽  
Dinesh Singh Rawat ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Sudhansu Sekhar Dash ◽  
Bipin Kumar Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Eastern Himalaya

SENSITIVITY MAPPING FOR OIL SPILL RESPONSE: A COMPREHENSIVE FRAMEWORK TO IDENTIFY WILDLIFE AND AREAS AT RISK ALONG THE COASTLINE OF BRAZIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 924-939
Author(s):  
Valeria Ruoppolo ◽  
Ralph Eric Thijl Vanstreels ◽  
Luís Fábio Silveira ◽  
Alexandre Novaes Zerbini ◽  
Liliana Colman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Priority Species

2017-365 Abstract The Environmental Mapping for Emergency Response at Sea Project (Mapeamento Ambiental para a Resposta à Emergência no Mar – MAREM, in Portuguese) resulted from a collaborative agreement between the Brazilian Institute of Petroleum, Gas and Biofuels (IBP) and the Brazilian Federal Environmental Agency (IBAMA). In order to provide support for planning and management of response operations involving marine oil spills, MAREM’s first and second phases, named Shoreline Protection and Cleanup Project (Projeto de Proteção e Limpeza de Costa – PPLC), created a geo-referenced database of the entire Brazilian coastline (approximately 7,500 km) in 2013. MAREM’s third phase was the Wildlife Protection Project (Projeto de Proteção à Fauna). It started in 2015 and was developed by a consortium involving Aiuká, Witt O’Brien’s Brasil and national and international experts. The Wildlife Protection Project identified, compiled and mapped relevant information on coastal and marine wildlife at risk from oil spill incidents and associated responses along the Brazilian coastline. The Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone was divided into 18 geographic units to facilitate the integration of marine, freshwater and terrestrial biogeographical data, regional geopolitics, and the incorporation of the zonal management of national oil production. Standardized decision trees were developed to provide an objective and consistent method for the identification of priority species and areas for protection in the event of an oil spill within each management unit. The decision trees incorporated previously identified critical habitats or natural resources meeting international conservation strategies (such as Ramsar wetlands, Important Bird Areas and the World Heritage Convention) and the Brazilian National Action Plans for Species Conservation. Species were classified by integrating two components: (a) assessing their vulnerability to oil spills using standardized criteria, and (b) their conservation status under international, national and regional conventions to generate an assessed prioritization for protection in case of oil spills, minimizing potential impacts. The Wildlife Protection Project has produced (i) a comprehensive dataset on species and habitat vulnerability in Brazil, and (ii) and a publicly-available WebGIS database of the critical information relevant to oil spill responses and response management, available at www.marem-br.com.br. These two products contain key information on the biology, distribution, seasonality and behavior of the identified vulnerable species, in conjunction with operational information on the locations, biological, geopolitical and logistic aspects of the priority areas identified. Factsheets were produced for each high-priority species and areas, compiling selected details in a readily accessible format for field teams involved in oil spill responses. The Wildlife Protection Project represents an unprecedented and unique approach for oiled wildlife planning and response in Brazil.

Land use change in Amazonian Dark Earth and Acrisol: Responses of organic carbon, organic matter composition and microbial carbon utilisation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Jarosch ◽  
Luis Carlos Colocho Hurtarte ◽  
Konstantin Gavazov ◽  
Aleksander Westphal Muniz ◽  
Christoph Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Amazonian Dark Earth

<p>The conversion of tropical forest for cassava cultivation is widely known to decrease the soil organic matter (OM) and nutrient contents of highly weathered soils in the tropics. Amazonian Dark Earth (ADE) might be affected less due to their historical anthropogenic amelioration with e.g. charcoal, ceramics and bones, leading to higher soil OM and nutrient concentrations. In this study, we analysed the effect of land use change on the OM dynamics and its composition under tropical conditions, using ADE and an adjacent Acrisol (ACR) as model systems. Soil samples were obtained south of Manaus (Brazil), from a secondary forest and an adjacently located 40-year-old cassava plantation. The land use change induced a severe decrease of organic carbon (OC) concentrations in ADE (from 35 to 15 g OC kg<sup>‑1</sup>) while OC in the adjacent ACR was less affected (18 to 16 g OC kg<sup>‑1</sup>). Soils were analysed by <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy to obtain information on how the conversion of secondary forest to cassava affected the chemical composition of OM. Our results show that land use change induces differences in the OM composition: The OM in ADE changes to a more decomposed state (increase of alkyl:O/N-alkyl ratio) whereas the OM in ACR changes to a less decomposed state (decrease of alkyl:O/N-alkyl ratio). According to a molecular mixing model, land use change influenced mostly the proportion of lipids, which might be related with a change of the plant input. The incubation of the soils with <sup>13</sup>C glucose enabled resolving how soil microorganisms were affected by land use change. In both soil types ADE and ACR, land use change caused a reduction of the total <sup>13</sup>C glucose respiration by approximately one third in a 7-days incubation, implying lower microbial activity. Microorganisms in both soil types appear to be more readily active in soils under forest, since we observed a distinct lag time between <sup>13</sup>C glucose addition and respiration under cassava planation. This indicated differences in microbial community structure, which we will assess further by determining the <sup>13</sup>C label uptake by the microbial biomass and the microbial community structure using <sup>13</sup>C PLFA analysis. Preliminary results from synchrotron-based STXM demonstrate a distinct arrangement of OM at fine-sized charcoal-particle interfaces. Samples of soils receiving <sup>13</sup>C label will be further analysed by NanoSIMS with the hypothesis that charcoal interfaces foster nutrient dynamics at the microscale. Despite the high loss of OC in the ameliorated ADE through land use change, the remaining OM might improve the nutrient availability thanks to charcoal interactions compared to the ACR. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the sensitivity of OM upon land use change and how the microbial community is responding to land use change in highly weathered tropical soils.</p>

scholarly journals An overview of the genus Anemone L. (Ranunculaceae) in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Pravesh Rajput ◽  
Priyanka Agnihotri
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
Sustainable Utilization

The present paper documents the genus Anemone L. (Ranunculaceae) from India. A total of 26 taxa (which includes 24 species, one subspecies and one variety) has been recorded from Indo Himalayas. Western Himalaya is endowed with 9 taxa, Eastern Himalaya with 8 taxa, while 9 are common to both the flanks. Three species are present in Northeast India which are common to IHR and one species has also been reported from Western Ghats. This genus constitutes flowering plants of high altitude and maximum diversity has been observed between 2000–3000 m asl. The genus possesses high medicinal potential and needs urgent assessment of taxonomic and conservation status for its sustainable utilization.

scholarly journals An insight into the butterfly (Lepidoptera) diversity of an urban landscape: Guwahati, Assam, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 17741-17752
Author(s):  
Sanath Chandra Bohra ◽  
Jayaditya Purkayastha
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Insight Into

The paper deals with the butterfly diversity of Guwahati, Assam, India which was the result of a survey conducted from April 2016 to July 2020.  During the study period we recorded 249 species of butterflies belonging to six families namely Papilionidae (24 species), Pieridae (23 species), Lycaenidae (57 species), Riodinidae (two species), Nymphalidae (97 species), and Hesperiidae (46 species).  Twenty-eight species were recorded from commercial areas, 74 species from residential areas, and 248 species from forested areas. Nineteen species were found to be very common, 39 species common, 50 species fairly common, 53 species uncommon, 57 species rare, and 31 species very rare.  Twenty-four species and nine subspecies including Discophora sondiaca, Athyma selenophora, and Athyma kanwa phorkys are legally protected under different schedules as per the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972).

scholarly journals Determinism and stochasticity in seed dispersal-successional feedbacks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nohemi Huanca Nuñez ◽  
Robin L. Chazdon ◽  
Sabrina E. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Tropical Secondary Forest ◽  
Successional Age

AbstractRegeneration of tropical secondary forests depends critically on seed input, and yet successional dynamics of seed dispersal remain poorly understood. We investigated the role of stochastic vs. deterministic processes in structuring seed rain in successional forests using four years of seed rain data collected at two time periods in four tropical secondary forest fragments representing a chronosequence and in mature forest. Determinism in successional trajectories is defined as predictable, directional, and orderly changes in community structure through time, resulting in convergence toward a climax community. We found that with increasing successional age, the community assembly of the seed rain in secondary forests became more deterministic, and community structure converged to that in the mature forest, both in terms of taxonomic and functional composition. Taxonomic similarity of the seed rain in successional forest to that of the mature forest increased with successional age, as did species co-occurrence and the percentage of shared species between the seed rain of successional and mature forests. The proportions of large, shade-tolerant species in the seed rain increased with successional age, although the proportion of animal-dispersed species increased only modestly. Analyses of the spatial variation in community structure in the seed rain among sites within each secondary forest showed evidence that assembly processes transitioned from being deterministic and convergent early on, to purely stochastic, and then to deterministic and divergent later in succession. Moreover, with increasing successional age, the composition of the seed rain became more similar to that of the mature woody stems in the forest, which could be an important deterministic driver of successional change, that, along with among site variation in landscape context and environment, could also generate idiosyncratic successional patterns among secondary forest fragments Our results suggest that the dominant processes influencing seed dispersal and assembly of the seed rain change during succession and point to successional feedbacks influencing the seed rain that are likely to shape regeneration trajectories.

scholarly journals Ecology and Conservation of the Endangered Banteng (Bos javanicus) in Indonesia Tropical Lowland Forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Dede Aulia Rahman ◽  
Riki Herliansyah ◽  
Puji Rianti ◽  
Ujang Mamat Rahmat ◽  
Asep Yayus Firdaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Bos Javanicus ◽  
Distribution Point

Banteng, Bos javanicus, as wild cattle is a vital and importance source of germplasm in Indonesia. Various human activities currently threaten their conservation status. Nonetheless, no long-term monitoring programmes are in place for this species. Using distribution point and statistical analysis based on 46,116 camera trap days from December 2015 to January 2017, we aimed to provide habitat preferences, activity patterns and ecological data for banteng population in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP). It is the largest population of banteng in Indonesia and is living in a limited habitat area. According to the best occupancy model, the most suitable areas for this species were the secondary forest located at the center portion of UKNP. The presence of the invasive cluster sugar palm, Arenga obtusifolia, in dry season provides additional alternative food for banteng when its main food is scarcer in the forest. Banteng was cathemeral all year round, with the proportion of cathemeral records and the recording rate did not change with the protection of the level area, moon phase or season. To reduce the probability of encountering predators, banteng avoided the space use of dholes. Selection and avoidance of habitats was stronger than avoidance of the predator activity areas. Habitat competition from domestic cattle which grazed illegally in the national park appears to be a problem to the species since zoonosis appears from domestic cattle to banteng. Therefore, effective law enforcement and an adequate conservation strategy are required to eliminate the impacts of both direct and indirect threats.

Distribution of Muscari botryoides (Asparagaceae) in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Svitlana Boychuk
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
The Past ◽  
Type Settlement ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Herbarium Data ◽  
Data Book ◽  
Number Of Publications

The article contains generalized information about distribution of Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. in Ukraine. It listed in the third edition of the Red Data Book of Ukraine with the conservation status "disappearing". It is protected in the «Mocharka» and «Shyiania» nature reserves. The Red Data Book of Ukraine contains information that the studied species grows only in the Zakarpattia region. A small number of publications dated after 1960 concerning to M. botryoides attest about the necessity of studying this species in order to obtain information about its current distribution in Ukraine. The work purpose was to generalize the literature and herbarium data about M. botryoides distribution in Ukraine. After processing literature data and herbarium materials (LWS, CHER, UU) a list of localities and a distribution map of M. botryoides in Ukraine have been compiled. It is established that the species exist not only in the Zakarpattia region, but also grows in the Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi and Ternopil regions. M. botryoides grows in light xerothermic oakerys, outskirts, secondary forest cenosis on rich warm brown soils, formed on deluvium of igneous rocks, in Querco-Fagetea and Quercetea pubescentis communities, occasionally in the communities with Robinia pseudoacacia. Species also grows in meadow steppes, steppe and after-forest meadows, on karsts outcrops. It prefers xeremosephytic environmental conditions. In general, 15 localities of the species have been found in Ukraine. Over the past 20 years only 3 sites have been documentally confirmed: in Bushtyno Urban-type settlement (Tiachiv district of Zakarpattia region), Kholmovets village (Vynohradiv district of Zakarpattia region) and between Drachyntsi and Kostyntsi villages Chernivtsi regions. Also 5 new localities have been found: in Probabyn village (Horodenka District, Ivano-Frankivsk Region), in Vyshnivka and Krasnostavtsi villages (Sniatyn District, Ivano-Frankivsk Region), in Onok village (Vynohradiv District, Zakarpattia Region) and in the NNP "Synevyr" (Mizhhirsky and Khust districts of Zakarpattia region).

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