Rare plant species in Zavodska hromada (Myrhorod district, Poltava region, Ukraine)

According to our own observations, literature data and herbarium data, we compiled a list of rare plant species of Zavodska hromada (Myrhorod district, Poltava region, Ukraine) including the information on the findings of them. We have posted plant observations on iNaturalist: https://www.inaturalist.org/people/igor_olshanskyi. There are two species that are included in Annex I of the Bern Convention [according to the oflcial translation into Ukrainian: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_032#Text] (Jurinea cyanoides and Salvinia natans), five species that are listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (2009) (Anacamptis palustris, Astragalus dasyanthus, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Gladiolus tenuis and Salvinia natans) and eight species are rare in Poltava region (Amygdalus nana, Convallaria majalis, Inula helenium, Nymphaea alba, Sanguisorba officinalis, Utricularia vulgaris, Valeriana officinalis, Vinca minor). On the territory of Zavodska hromada, rare plant species are more common in rivers, meadows and swamps in the floodplains of the rivers Sula, Artopolot and Bodakva. Also, they grow on steppe slopes and in forests.

Limonium divaricatum (Plumbaginaceae), the Arabian Phoenix of sea-lavenders

Limonium divaricatum has been regarded for a long time the name of a taxon occurring in the main islands of western Mediterranean, or as a mere synonym of L. virgatum. In this paper, a critical review of literature and herbarium data allows us to reduce L. divaricatum to a synonym of L. dubium; the lectotypification of this latter name is also amended.

Re-collection, extended distribution, and amplified description of Vaccinium paucicrenatum Sleumer (Ericaceae) from the Arunachal Himalaya in India

Vaccinium paucicrenatum Sleumer has been re-collected from three different districts of Arunachal Pradesh approximately after 91 years subsequent to I.H. Burkill’s collection (no. 36976, K) from Ripsing of outer Abor Hills (presently a part of East and West Siang districts nearby Pashighat area) of Arunachal Pradesh on 8 March, 1912. Due to poor description by the earlier workers, the present paper provides amplified description based on field and herbarium data including leaf anatomy (leaf stomata and vein-islets), detailed extended distribution, live and herbarium images and distribution map for easy identification in the field.

USING HERBARIUM DATA TO INCREASE THE LIKELIHOOD OF FINDING FERTILE PLANTS IN THE FIELD

The Phenological Predictability Index (PPI) is an algorithm incorporated into Brahms, one of the most widely used herbarium database management systems. PPI uses herbarium specimen data to calculate the probability of the occurrence of various phenological events in the field. Our hypothesis was that use of PPI to quantify the likelihood that a given species will be found in flower bud, flower or fruit in a particular area in a specific period makes field expeditions more successful in terms of finding fertile plants. PPI was applied to herbarium data for various angiosperm species locally abundant in Central Brazil to determine the month in which they were most likely to be found, in each of five areas of the Distrito Federal, with flower buds, flowers or fruits (i.e. the ‘maximum probability month’ for each of these phenophases). Plants of the selected species growing along randomised transects were tagged and their phenology was monitored over 12 months (method 1), and two one-day field excursions to each area were undertaken, by botanists with no prior knowledge of whether the species had previously been recorded at these sites, to record their phenological state (method 2). The results showed that field excursions in the PPI-determined maximum probability month for flower buds, flowers or fruits would be expected to result in a > 90% likelihood of finding individual plants of a given species in each of these phenophases. PPI may fail to predict phenophase for species with supra-annual reproductive events or with high event contingency. For bimodal species, the PPI-determined maximum probability month is that in which a specific phenophase is likely to be most intense. In planning an all-purpose collecting trip to an area with seasonal plant fertility, PPI scores are useful when selecting the best month for travel.

IDENTIFIKASI JENIS POHON PENGHASIL BUAH KONSUMSI DI KAWASAN HUTAN TEMBAWANG DUSUN SUAK DESA MANIS RAYA KECAMATAN SEPAUK KABUPATEN SINTANG

Identification is determining the identity of a species, which in this case determines the correct name and place in the classification. Tembawang Forest is a form of land management carried out by Dayak tribes in West Kalimantan. Tembawang Suak has various fruit trees species which are usually used by people around the forest. This research was conducted in Tembawang Forest at Suak Subvillage, Manis Raya Village, Sepauk District, Sintang Regency, West Kalimantan. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the morphological characteristics of fruits trees species in the Tembawang Forest Area. The method in this research is an exploration method which is carried out by taking data with making pathways to facilitate roaming at the research location to find the fruit trees species and then taking a sample of the herbarium. Data analysis by describing morphological characteristics (generative and vegetative) in detail. Based on the research results, there are 30 species of consumption fruit trees that are classified into 16 genera and 13 families, and 5 species of which are endemic to Kalimantan, namely Manginfera pajang Kosterm (Asam Mawang), Shorea stenoptera Burck. (Tengkawang Tungkul), Durio kutejensis (Hassk.) Becc. (Pekawai), Sarcotheca macrophylla Blume (Rembai/Belimbing Hutan), and Baccaurea angulata Merr (Menit/Belimbing Darah).Keyword : Tree Identification, Fruit Producers, Tembawang Forest

Latitudinal shift in the timing of flowering of tree species across tropical Africa: insights from field observations and herbarium collections

Temporal and spatial patterns in flowering phenology were assessed for eight tropical African tree species. Specifically, the frequency and seasonality of flowering at seven sites in central Africa were determined using field data, graphical analysis and circular statistics. Additionally, spatial variation in the timing of flowering across species range was investigated using herbarium data, analysing the relative influence of latitude, longitude and timing of the dry season with a Bayesian circular generalized linear model. Annual flowering was found for 20 out of the 25 populations studied. For 21 populations located at the north of the climatic hinge flowering was occurring during the dry season. The analysis of herbarium collections revealed a significant shift in the timing of flowering with latitude for E. suaveolens, and with the timing of the dry season for M. excelsa (and to a lesser extent L. alata), with the coexistence of two flowering peaks near the equator where the distribution of monthly rainfall is bimodal. For the other species, none of latitude, longitude or timing of the dry season had an effect on the timing of flowering. Our study highlights the need to identify the drivers of the flowering phenology of economically important African tree species.

Comprehensive analysis of Actiniopteris Link and Onychium Kaulf. (Pteridophyta) relationships according to their phylogeography, phylogeny and spore morphology

This research is the first comprehensive analysis of the intrageneric relationships of Actiniopteris and Onychium based on original data including spore morphology, phylogeny and phylogeography. Actiniopteris and Onychium are members of the large subfamily Pteridoideae of the family Pteridaceae. The Pteridaceae family is considered one of the most taxonomically confusing families due to its representatives high level of polymorphism. We used an interdisciplinary approach to study the “Onychium clade”: 13 taxa were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize the morphology and morphometry of spores; 14 taxa were studied from a phylogenetic perspective, including character evolution and ancestral character state reconstructions; 15 taxa of “Onychium clade” were studied using herbarium data (B, P, PE, LE, VLA, TI, KYO, ALTB and TK) according to global botanical and geographical zones. As a result of this integrated analysis, we established a deep divergence of the taxa O. tenuifrons and O. siliculosum from the main composition of the genus Onychium and the division the genus Actiniopteris into two clades: A. radiata–A. semiflabellata and A. australis–A. dimorpha. We found that representatives of Actiniopteris and Onychium had originated in a common African-Indo-Malesian area. The “Onychium clade” center of diversity is the Indian Region, which is experiencing high levels of human impact, leading to disjunctions among the studied taxa.

Mātauranga as knowledge, process and practice in Aotearoa New Zealand

The future of Aotearoa New Zealand’s biodiversity is intimately linked to the health of Māori environmental knowledge, the ability to work within different philosophical traditions, and a willingness to work at the intersections of philosophy, cultural practice and science. Māori environmental philosophies and knowledge systems (mātauranga) are intricately rooted in and shaped by Pacific pathways, and shaped by the oral traditions that connect Pacific journeys, encounters with new landscapes, and the ongoing socio-environmental and political experiences of today. Ecological knowledge has a particularly important role within this mātauranga knowledge system, and as such is deeply embedded in tribal histories. The pairing of Māori environmental knowledge with a range of other scientific tools, models and analyses is a trend that will help provide beneficial indicators of population and ecosystem health, that will in turn feed the growth and continuance of mātauranga. Recent laws have pioneered co-management solutions that embody partnership with Māori tribal groups, and enable customary responsibilities. Ethical data management guidelines, that draw on a foundation of Māori philosophies, ethics and practices, are in development for biobanking and genetic or genomic research. Museum and herbarium data are also increasingly being linked to cultural knowledge and relationships. For practitioners, access is a prerequisite to practice; locking up the environment, and locking up collections in museums, acts to alienate Māori and reduces capacity to respond to both cultural prerogatives and national challenges. Scientists who work with Māori environmental knowledge or mātauranga more broadly are part of a shifting inter-disciplinary landscape of solution building at national and international scales, where considerations of intellectual property rights, ethical research partnerships, data sovereignty and community empowerment all contribute to best outcomes.