Dusky Langurs Trachypithecus obscurus (Reid, 1837)  (Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Singapore: potential origin and  conflicts with native primate species

The introduction of exotic species can have detrimental effects on local populations via factors such as resource competition and new threats from disease. Singapore has three native species of non-human primates: Sunda Slow Loris Nycticebus coucang, Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis, and Raffles’ Banded Langur Presbytis femoralis. Over the past few months, several non-native Dusky Langurs Trachypithecus obscurus were observed in Singapore. We document our observations, compile reports from social media, and attempt to assess the potential impacts on local primates. Whenever Dusky Langurs were encountered, we recorded the date, time, GPS coordinates, group demographics, and behaviour, including interactions with native primates. We also monitored sighting reports of Dusky Langurs posted on local major Facebook groups from 30 December 2019 to 31 January 2020, and privately messaged the person(s) for more information. On 31 August 2019, three Dusky Langurs were seen near a residential area in the northern part of Singapore, and two to three individuals were reported on 14 subsequent occasions. During one encounter on 18 January 2020, an adult male Long-tailed Macaque chased a group of Dusky Langurs from a feeding tree. The next day the same group of Dusky Langurs chased a group of 11 Banded Langurs from another feeding tree. The Dusky Langurs appeared to be healthy and wild, indicating that they may have swum across the Johor Strait and/or traveled on the Johor-Singapore Causeway from Malaysia. Further monitoring of these Dusky Langurs will be required to assess their impact on local primates.

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Unexpected diversity of slow lorises (Nycticebus spp.) within the Javan pet trade: implications for slow loris taxonomy

Contributions to Zoology ◽

10.1163/18759866-07603004 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 187-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

K.A.I. Nekaris ◽

S. Jaffe

Keyword(s):

Function Analysis ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Wildlife Trade ◽

Primate Species ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Slow Loris ◽

Pet Trade ◽

Nycticebus Coucang

Since the 1950s, Sundaland (Borneo, Java, Sumatra and their surrounding islands) was thought to be inhabited by a single slow loris species, the greater slow loris Nycticebus coucang. Early taxonomies as well as recent morphological and genetic studies, however, point to at least three species native to this region: N. coucang, N. menagensis, and N. javanicus. In the light of this taxonomy, all Sundaland slow lorises, previously considered Least Threatened, have been listed as Vulnerable or Endangered. Of particular concern is the fact that slow lorises are the most common protected primate species in the rampant Southeast Asian pet trade, resulting in their recent transferral to CITES Appendix I precluding all international commercial trade. Due to lack of knowledge regarding morphological differences between the three species, they are still managed as one, with potential serious affects to wild populations, as hard-release of individuals of unknown geographic origin is common. This paper examines morphological variability of 34 live slow lorises, all of which were rescued from the wildlife trade in Java, Indonesia. Morphometric data and diagnostic images were collected, various species descriptions were considered and statistical analyses were conducted and compared with other taxonomists’ classifications. A discriminant function analysis provided support for four distinct groupings: Nycticebus coucang and N. javanicus, as well as evidence for two new taxa that correspond closely to N. hilleri and N. ornatus. The morphological traits that varied significantly and the external characteristic trends described in this study that contributed to these groupings might provide a baseline to classify Nycticebus taxa. This information is pertinent for appropriate captive management and specific designation of rescued individuals and for designing proper in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies.

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Abundance of primates reveals Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia as a priority area for conservation

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605310001080 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 427-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

C. N. Z. Coudrat ◽

L. D. Rogers ◽

K. A. I. Nekaris

Keyword(s):

Macaca Fascicularis ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Primate Species ◽

Primate Conservation ◽

Wildlife Sanctuary ◽

Wet Season ◽

Macaca Arctoides ◽

Slow Loris ◽

Pileated Gibbon ◽

A Priority

AbstractWe conducted a primate survey in Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, western Cambodia, during the wet season in 2009. We visually confirmed the presence of five out of six primate species thought to occur in the area: Bengal slow loris Nycticebus bengalensis, Indochinese silvered langur Trachypithecus germaini, pileated gibbon Hylobates pileatus, pig-tailed macaque Macaca leonina and long-tailed macaque Macaca fascicularis. We did not find any sign of the stump-tailed macaque Macaca arctoides and suggest it is absent in Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary and possibly from the Cardamom Mountains. We provide the abundance measures for each primate species; the three most abundant species were Bengal slow loris, Indochinese silvered langur and pileated gibbon. We propose Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary as a priority for primate conservation in Cambodia.

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The role of male Sumatran slow loris Nycticebus coucang (Boddaert, 1785) in family at Yayasan Inisiasi Alam Rehabilitasi Indonesia (YIARI), Bogor, West Java

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/1725/1/012037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1725 ◽

pp. 012037

Author(s):

L Sjahfirdi ◽

S Afifah ◽

N P Priambada

Keyword(s):

West Java ◽

Slow Loris ◽

Nycticebus Coucang

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What is needed to restore native fishes in Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin?

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf20248 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (11) ◽

pp. 1464

Author(s):

John D. Koehn ◽

Stephen R. Balcombe ◽

Lee J. Baumgartner ◽

Christopher M. Bice ◽

Kate Burndred ◽

...

Keyword(s):

First Nations ◽

Native Species ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Native Fish ◽

The Past ◽

Murray Darling Basin ◽

Native Fishes ◽

Conservation Concern ◽

First Nations People

The Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) is Australia’s food bowl, contributing 40% of agricultural production and supporting a population of over 4 million people. Historically, the MDB supported a unique native fish community with significant cultural, subsistence, recreational, commercial and ecological values. Approximately one-quarter of the MDB’s native species are endemic. Changes to river flows and habitats have led to a >90% decline in native fish populations over the past 150 years, with almost half the species now of conservation concern. Commercial fisheries have collapsed, and important traditional cultural practices of First Nations People have been weakened. The past 20 years have seen significant advances in the scientific understanding of native fish ecology, the effects of human-related activities and the recovery measures needed. The science is well established, and some robust restoration-enabling policies have been initiated to underpin actions. What is now required is the political vision and commitment to support investment to drive long-term recovery. We present a summary of 30 priority activities urgently needed to restore MDB native fishes.

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Redescription of Pterygodermatites (Mesopectines) nycticebi (Monnig, 1920) (Nematoda: Rictulariidae), a parasite of slow loris Nycticebus coucang (Mammalia: Primates)

Folia Parasitologica ◽

10.14411/fp.2003.020 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 115-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yatsukaho Ikeda ◽

Akiko Fujisaki ◽

Koichi Murata ◽

Hideo Hasegawa

Keyword(s):

Slow Loris ◽

Nycticebus Coucang

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MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY AND THE ATTENUATION OF ELASTIC TISSUE IN THE AORTIC WALL OF SLOW LORIS (NYCTICEBUS COUCANG COUCANG)

Folia Primatologica ◽

10.1159/000155160 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 8 (3-4) ◽

pp. 290-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M.M. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Aortic Wall ◽

Elastic Tissue ◽

Microscopic Anatomy ◽

Slow Loris ◽

Nycticebus Coucang

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Primate populations in continuous forest and forest fragments in Central Amazonia

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-43921988183307 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 18 (3-4) ◽

pp. 291-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Anthony B. Rylands ◽

Alexine Keuroghlian

Keyword(s):

Food Sources ◽

Primate Species ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

The Past ◽

Pithecia Pithecia ◽

Ateles Paniscus ◽

Continuous Forest ◽

Second Growth ◽

Central Amazonia ◽

One Year

Population densities of six primate species (Saguinus midas, Pithecia pithecia, Cebus apella, Chiropotes satanas, Alouatta seniculus and Ateles paniscus) were estimated in continuous forest and in isolated reserves (one of 100 ha and four of 10 ha). Saguinusdensities in the continuous forest were found to be low, probably due to the lack of edge habitat and second growth favoured by them; Pithecia, Cebus and Ateles populations are also low, possibly because of more widely distributed and/or less abundant food sources than is true for other Amazonian regions, although hunting in the past, particularly of Ateles may also be a contributing factor; and Chiropotes and Alouatta densities were found to be similar to those observed in other areas of Amazonas forests. Ateles and Chiropotes, which occupy ranges on the order of three km2 were excluded from the 100-ka reserve at the time of its isolation. Unfortunately populations were not known prior to isolation of this reserve but during isolation there remained four groups of Saguinus, two Pitheciagroups, one Cebus groups and five Alouatta groups. One Saguinus group disappeared two months later, and one year post-isolation the Cebus group also left the reserve. Single Alouatta groups survive in the isolated 10-ha reserves. Saguinus, present in the four 10-ha reserves following isolation, have disappeared from two of them. One 10-ha reserve retains a group of Pithecia.

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The Financial Consequences of Rating International Institutions: Competition, Collaboration, and the Politics of Assessment

International Studies Quarterly ◽

10.1093/isq/sqaa082 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ranjit Lall

Keyword(s):

Performance Indicators ◽

International Institutions ◽

Resource Competition ◽

Comparative Performance ◽

The Past ◽

Key Informant ◽

Financial Consequences ◽

Donor States ◽

Funding Cuts ◽

The Relationship

Abstract The past 15 years have witnessed a striking trend in global governance: the creation of comparative indicators of the performance of international institutions by donor states seeking to allocate their resources more efficiently. Interestingly, however, not all highly rated institutions have been “rewarded” with increased contributions, while not all poorly rated institutions have been “punished” with funding cuts or freezes. I argue that the financial impact of performance indicators is contingent upon the relationship between institutions and other actors within their environment, with stronger effects occurring when institutions (1) are subject to a higher degree of resource competition and (2) possess deeper and more extensive operational alliances with actors above and below the state. I test the argument using a mixed-methods strategy that draws on a variety of original sources, including key informant interviews and a new dataset covering fifty-three institutions over the period 2000–2016. The findings enhance our understanding of when and why comparative performance indicators influence resource flows to assessed entities.

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Temporal Changes in the Suburban Avifauna of an Inland City

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr9810109 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 109 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

DN Jones

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Population Density ◽

Native Species ◽

Bird Community ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Residential Area ◽

Wagga Wagga ◽

Residential Areas ◽

House Sparrows ◽

The Individual

The suburban bird community of Wagga Wagga, N.S.W., was surveyed during December 1978-January 1979 and May 1979, at nine sites selected to cover all ages of residential areas from predevelopment to oldest suburbs and to demonstrate how the bird community will change with time in response to changing habitat. Non-residential sites were also sampled. Sites were censused by foot transect. House sparrows which were present in all sites, were the first species to colonize new residential areas and made up over 95% of the individual count of four sites Of native species, 40% were found in undeveloped sites only. The population density of undeveloped sites was only half that of developed sites, but the greatest species diversity was found in undeveloped sites and the lowest in the most altered sites. There was strong evidence for a steady linear increase in numbers of individuals, numbers of species, biomass and population density with increasing age of residential area, reaching a peak at about 30 years.

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